Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Method Based on Pretreated Pine Pollen for Sensitive UPLC-MS/MS Determination of 13 Heterocyclic Amines in Sesame Oils

A rapid, convenient, and efficient dispersive solid-phase extraction approach, integrating ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and pretreated pine pollen, was developed for sensitive quantification of 13 heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in sesame oil. Critical parameters, namely sorbent type and dosage, adsorption mode and duration, detergent dosage, eluent additive and volume, and elution cycles, were systematically optimized to evaluate their effects on the HCA recovery. The proposed method was verified for all the 13 HCAs, demonstrating favorable analytical characteristics with remarkable linear relationships (coefficient of determination, R 2 ≥ 0.998), adequate recoveries (64.2%–99.4%), acceptable intra- and inter-day precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 10.4%), and low limits of detection (0.02–0.83 μg/kg) and quantification (0.07–2.70 μg/kg). The proposed approach offers distinct advantages, including rapidity, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and minimized organic solvent consumption, demonstrating great potential for accurately analyzing HCAs in complex food matrices.