摘要
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) has emerged as a sustainable solution for global freshwater scarcity. However, rational structural design is often hindered by the lack of direct correlation between local evaporation kinetics and macroscopic geometry. Herein, a simulation-guided subtractive manufacturing strategy is proposed utilizing natural Pleurotus eryngii as a processable functional substrate. Distinct from traditional thermodynamic analyses, COMSOL Multiphysics was employed to directly visualize the theoretical evaporation rate distribution, revealing that a pyramidal array topography maximizes the active evaporative area by mitigating vapor stagnation on inclined surfaces. Guided by these insights, the biomass coated with graphite nanopowder (GNP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was rationally tailored via mechanical carving. Microscopically, the intrinsic hierarchical porous network reduced the equivalent enthalpy of vaporization to ∼1447 kJ kg −1 . Macroscopically, the optimized evaporator with a pyramidal array achieved a remarkable evaporation rate of 3.84 kg m −2 h −1 and an energy conversion efficiency of 154% in pure water under 1.0 sun irradiation (1 kW m −2 ), representing a 14.3% enhancement over its flat-top counterpart and validating the simulation predictions. The structural advantage proved robust in a 3.5 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution under 1.0 sun irradiation, maintaining a high evaporation rate of 3.52 kg m −2 h −1 . Furthermore, outdoor experiments demonstrated a peak evaporation rate of 10.42 kg m −2 h −1 under natural sunlight conditions, alongside versatile broad-spectrum ion rejection and wastewater purification capabilities. This study establishes a paradigm where theoretical evaporation kinetics informs macroscopic structural design, offering a scalable, low-cost, and high-efficiency solution for sustainable water remediation.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）