Quantitative Identification of Main Controlling Factors for Tight Sandstone Reservoir Sensitivity Based on PLS: A Case Study of the Yanchang Formation in the Xunyi–Yijun Area, Southern Ordos Basin

This study aims to evaluate the controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoir sensitivity in the third member of the Yanchang Formation, Xunyi–Yijun area, southern Ordos Basin. Based on core samples from 12 wells, we established a partial least squares regression (PLS) model through thin section observation, SEM, XRD, high-pressure mercury injection, and sensitivity flow experiments, to quantitatively analyze the relationship between reservoir sensitivity and its controlling factors. The results show that the study area reservoirs are dominated by feldspathic sandstone with moderate compaction, characterized by low porosity (4.4–17.8%, avg. 10.93%), low permeability (0.104–2.33 mD, avg. 0.82 mD), and heterogeneous distribution of clay minerals (mainly chlorite, illite, kaolinite, and illite/smectite mixed layer). The reservoirs generally show weak to moderately weak sensitivity. The PLS model reveals that reservoir sensitivity is controlled by the coupled effects of multiple factors, with no single absolute dominant factor for any sensitivity type. Porosity is the most influential variable for overall reservoir sensitivity, followed by feldspar, illite, and illite/smectite mixed layer, and porosity exerts the strongest control on most sensitivity types via VIP score analysis. This study provides a theoretical basis for reservoir damage prevention in the study area and a technical reference for quantitative sensitivity evaluation of similar tight sandstone reservoirs.