Design and Synthesis of Fluorine-Free Low-Surface-Energy Polymers via RAFT Emulsion Polymerization and Their Application in Fabric Finishing

The work designed and synthesized a block copolymer emulsifier composed of hydrophilic segments (acrylic acid) and hydrophobic segments (methyl methacrylate) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Using this emulsifier as a stabilizer, polymer emulsions were successfully prepared through emulsion polymerization, forming stable latex particles. The emulsion was applied to cotton fabrics, forming a hydrophobic coating with micro-nano rough structures on their surfaces. Results showed that the static water contact angle of the treated fabrics significantly increased to over 110°, reaching 130°, demonstrating excellent water repellency. Furthermore, this system is entirely fluorine-free, avoiding environmental and health hazards associated with traditional fluorinated compounds. The covalent bonding of the RAFT emulsifier to the polymer chain effectively suppresses emulsifier migration, enhancing the durability and stability of the coating. This work provides a viable technical pathway for developing green, efficient, fluorine-free water-repellent finishing agents.