APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
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2026
·
IF 7.5
Mingxin Xiao,Xinlei Jia,Xin Kang,Zhijie Gao,Zhimin Hao,Lanjuan Xu,Qing Cao,Junling Wang,Lixin Wei
COF-hosted PAL@ZIF67 enables nanoscale P–Co–N synergistic flame retardancy. • 100 μm coating delays thermal runaway by 90 s with limited cycling impact. • Char and gas analyses support shielding, charring, and gas-phase inhibition. To improve lithium-ion battery safety, a ternary flame-retardant epoxy coating (EP/PAL@ZIF67@COF) was developed for passive thermal protection. The covalent organic framework (COF) serves as a porous host for integrating phytic acid aluminum (PAL) and ZIF67, enabling complementary condensed-phase charring, physical barrier, and gas-phase flame-inhibition effects. The coating was directly applied onto commercial 103,450 pouch cells at thicknesses of 50, 100, and 150 μm. Thermal-runaway suppression showed a non-monotonic dependence on coating thickness. The 100 μm coating extended the failure time from 1042 to 1132 s and substantially reduced combustion severity. In contrast, the 150 μm coating triggered failure at 1022 s, earlier than the uncoated cell, although visible combustion was completely suppressed. Preliminary sequential cycling and rate tests did not indicate catastrophic electrochemical performance degradation after coating. Cone calorimetry, char-residue characterization, and TG–FTIR analyses support the contributions of catalytic charring, high-temperature barrier formation, and gas-phase flame inhibition at the material level. These results demonstrate the potential of ultrathin flame-retardant coatings for cell-level passive protection and highlight the importance of coating-thickness optimization for lithium-ion battery safety. Transient CFD simulations further showed that increasing coating thickness progressively reduced the simulated thermal response, whereas elevated ambient temperature accelerated cell heating.
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高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 6.6
Da Li,Xin Ai,Ting Sun,Jingrong Li,Yanan Bai,Bin Ma,Jing Ren,Enze Li,Zihe Pan
LDH was in-situ embedded at the sponge skeleton surface. • Embedding LDH at a proper content resulted in smaller pore size, larger porosity, narrow pore size distribution. • The adsorption capacity of LDH epoxy sponge is as large as 8.10 mg/g. • After 15 times cycle adsorption, Li removal rate maintained as 47.87%. • The LDH embedded epoxy sponge showed excellent mechanical robustness and elasticity. Lithium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (Li-Al LDH) powders are still severely restricted in practical Li adsorption due to the unsatisfactory adsorption capacity, severe active component loss and inferior long-term cycling stability. Herein, we propose a novel Li-Al LDH-epoxy lithium adsorption sponge, which is fabricated via an in-situ embedding strategy, where active LDH components are uniformly anchored onto the skeleton surface of the sponge during the pore-forming process. The as-constructed LDH coating on the sponge skeleton presents an ultrathin filmy morphology with a thickness of only several micrometers, which not only well preserves the intrinsic elasticity of the pristine sponge matrix, but also significantly reinforces its mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the resultant hierarchical porous architecture further contributes to the prominent improvement of lithium adsorption performance. The optimized LDH sponge delivers a large specific surface area of 413.26 m 2 /g, a well-defined hierarchical pore system with dual pore sizes of 150 μm and 13.13 nm, and a high lithium adsorption capacity of 7.85 mg/g. More importantly, the composite sponge can stably withstand 50 compression-strain cycles under a high strain of 60% without obvious structural failure. This sponge-supported LDH composite porous system provides a brand-new design paradigm for developing high-performance adsorbents toward practical lithium extraction applications. Download: Download high-res image (115KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Journal of Energy Storage
·
2026
·
IF 10.7
Junming Han,Chunbo Guo,Fangyu Hao,Zihao Cai,Hao Zheng,Zeyi Jiang,Nien-Chu Lai
A high-purity Li 3 InCl 6 electrolyte is synthesized via a facile room-temperature liquid-phase method. • Nb 5+ doping induces lattice distortion and increases lithium vacancy concentration. • The Nb-Doped electrolyte achieves a high ionic conductivity and excellent electrochemical stability. • The assembled all-solid-state lithium battery delivers superior rate capability and long cycling life. Halide solid electrolytes hold great promise for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs), yet achieving fast Li + transport and high electrochemical stability through scalable synthesis remains challenging. Herein, we report a facile wet-chemical route to synthesize Nb-doped Li 3 InCl 6 solid electrolytes, where a stepwise slow drying and thermal treatment protocol is adopted to regulate crystallization kinetics. By optimizing the solvent and dopant concentration, the 10% Nb-substituted sample (LIC Nb 1 ) prepared in ethanol shows optimal performance. Structural refinement and spectroscopic analysis reveal that aliovalent Nb 5+ creates Li vacancies and optimizes local lattice environments, promoting fast Li + conduction. Accordingly, LIC-Nb 1 exhibits a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 0.95 mS cm −1 , more than twice that of pristine LIC(Et) (0.44 mS cm −1 ), with a lower activation energy of 0.31 eV and enhanced electrochemical stability. ASSLBs based on LIC-Nb 1 delivers substantially improved rate capability and cycling stability relative to pristine LIC-based cells. At 30 °C, the LIC-Nb 1 -based cell shows stable charge/discharge behavior over 2–4.4 V (vs. Li/Li + ), affording an initial discharge capacity of 182.4 mAh g −1 , and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 91.02%. Under the more demanding rate and prolonged cycling evaluations conducted at 60 °C, the capacity retention of LIC-Nb 1 -based cell after 30 cycles at 0.1C under 100% depth of discharge reaches 83.5%, compared with 66.8% for the LIC(Et)-based counterpart. This work systematically clarifies the solvent effect on the crystal structure and ionic conductivity of LIC electrolytes, proposes a crystallization kinetics modulation strategy to eliminate structural defects, and validates the practical application potential of Nb-doped LIC electrolytes in high-voltage ASSLBs. These findings highlight the integrated strategy of kinetic regulation and heteroatom doping as an effective strategy for engineering high-performance halide solid electrolytes toward advanced all-solid-state lithium batteries. Download: Download high-res image (226KB) Download: Download full-size image
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2026
·
IF 9.1
Yingying Chen,Wenhui Li,Jiawei Li,Yuanyuan Kong,Dan Hu,Xia Zhan,Xudong Feng,Yakai Lin
An amino-modified NF membrane is fabricated via integrating interfacial polymerization and chemical grafting. • Glycerol serves as a regulator to tailor the polyamide layer microstructure and surface amino group distribution. • Covalent grafting of AMH monomer endows the membrane surface with durable positive charge characteristics. • The membrane delivers a high water permeability of 14.0 L/m 2 ·h·bar and a MgCl 2 rejection rate of 96.21%. • A prominent Li + /Mg 2+ separation selectivity up to 34.27 is acquired under optimized preparation parameters. Polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membranes are generally hindered by the inherent trade-off between permeability and selectivity. To address the above drawbacks, this work constructs a high-performance positively charged NF membrane via a combined strategy of regulated interfacial polycondensation and covalent surface graft functionalization. Glycerol was blended into the aqueous monomer solution to tailor the growth process of polyamide (PA) selective layers; this treatment thinned the separation skin layer to boost water transport efficiency and meanwhile generated abundant hydroxyl reactive sites for subsequent grafting reactions. Under cerium ion-induced free radical polymerization, 2-[(2-methylacryloyl)oxy]ethanaminium (AMH) monomers were covalently immobilized on membrane surface via hydroxyl anchor points, endowing the membrane with persistent positive surface charges. A full set of material characterizations verified the successful grafting of AMH chains. The modified membrane exhibited a flattened surface structure with an average pore diameter of 0.61 nm, and the densified separation layer slightly weakened surface hydrophilicity. Under optimized fabrication parameters, the as-prepared membrane delivered outstanding separation performance: 96.21% MgCl 2 ion retention, a Mg 2+ /Li + separation factor of 34.27, and a water permeance of 14.0 L·m −2 ·h −1 ·bar −1 , which outperforms most NF membranes reported for brine lithium extraction. In addition, the membrane maintained steady separation capacity over a 72-h uninterrupted cross-flow filtration test, proving reliable long-term operational stability. This research provides an innovative fabrication route for high-throughput and high-selectivity NF membranes by coupling diffusion-controlled interfacial polymerization with directional surface functional grafting. Download: Download high-res image (190KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
LANGMUIR
·
2026
·Vol. 42
·期 33
·24682-24690
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IF 4.4
Dong Panpan,Yang Ting,Gan Xuemeng,Liu Xing,Yang Weiqing
Lithium–chalcogenide
batteries (LCBs) offer high theoretical
energy density but suffer from the polysulfide/polyselenide shuttling
during charging and discharging processes with conventional polypropylene
(PP) separators, causing low active-material utilization and severe
capacity decay. Herein, we develop a Phyllostachys edulis bamboo-derived microporous carbon-coated PP
separator (MPC@PP) to suppress polychalcogenide migration and enable
long-term cycling. The abundant micropores in the MPC coating enhance
polysulfide adsorption and boost the Li + transference number
to 0.57, which is a 46.2% increase over pristine PP (0.39). The lithium
symmetric Li/Li cell with MPC@PP exhibits good cycling stability up
to 300 h at 0.5 mA cm –2 (1 mAh cm –2 ) with a smooth and compact lithium deposition. When used in Li–S
battery with the S@Ketjenblack cathode, the MPC@PP cell delivers a
reversible capacity of 1272.92 mAh g –1 at 167.5
mA g –1 and stable cycling over 500 cycles at 837.5
mA g –1 . Moreover, Li–SeS 2 battery
with MPC@PP achieves an initial capacity of 723.48 mAh g –1 at 1342 mA g –1 with average Coulombic efficiency
>99.2% for 500 cycles. This work provides a cost-effective and
scalable
biomass-derived microporous carbon strategy to address the critical
challenges of LCBs, offering valuable guidance for advanced separator
design and accelerating the deployment of high-energy-density rechargeable
batteries.
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高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
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IF 9.1
Yangyang Wang,Rujie Li,Shanxu Han,Yi Jing,Xinyu Gao,Yajuan Liu,Zhongqi Ren,Zhiyong Zhou
The efficient extraction of lithium from high Na/Li ratio brines remains a critical challenge for sustainable resource utilization. This study develops a trioctyl phosphate (TOP)-dibenzoylmethane (DBM)-kerosene synergistic extraction system guided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which reveal complementary electrostatic interactions between the enol oxygen of DBM and the P O group of TOP, facilitating the formation of stable coordination sites for Li + . Under optimized conditions, the system achieves a single-stage lithium extraction efficiency of 97%. Furthermore, an innovative CO 2 -based stripping process eliminates the need for conventional acids by in situ generation of H + via the reaction of CO 2 with H 2 O forms carbonic acid, enabling simultaneous lithium stripping and direct precipitation of Li 2 CO 3 . The integrated process demonstrates high efficiency under ambient conditions, achieving >99% stripping within 4 min and concentrating lithium over 10-fold. The resulting Li 2 CO 3 product exhibits high purity (>99.9%) and well-defined crystallinity, suitable for battery applications. The system maintained excellent stability over ten extraction-washing-stripping cycles with consistent performance. This work offers a green and efficient strategy for lithium recovery from challenging brine sources, combining theoretical molecular design with sustainable process engineering.
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高影响因子
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 19.9
Yue Han,Jiabao Dai,Qi Li,Yufeng Zheng,Peng Wen,Dandan Xia,Yongsheng Zhou
Recurrent infections and persistent inflammation pose significant challenges in the clinical treatment of infected bone defects. Here, a porous scaffold of Zn-0.8Li-0.5Ag with a TPMS-Gyroid structure was fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) for the treatment of infected bone defects, integrating mechanical performance, anti-infective properties, and osteogenic requirements. In vitro, Zn-0.8Li-0.5Ag scaffold exhibits potent bactericidal property against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), excellent anti-inflammatory property through immunomodulation, and acceptable osteogenesis property by enhancing the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. In vivo, the Zn-0.8Li-0.5Ag scaffold significantly suppresses pathogenic bacteria, alleviates local inflammation, and promotes tissue regeneration. RNA sequencing further elucidated that the Zn-0.8Li-0.5Ag scaffold exerted anti-inflammatory effects by releasing Zn 2 + , Li + , and Ag + , which downregulated Gbp2 expression, thereby inhibiting inflammatory pathways. Collectively, the Zn-0.8Li-0.5Ag scaffold with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic effects holds great promise as a promising biomaterial for repairing infectious bone defects.
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高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Liu Lingfeng,Huang Jian’an,Wang Ying,Pang Dekang,Ding Yuling,Liu Jiamin,Zhang Xiaojing,Guo Changsheng,Jia Jianbo,Zhang Mengchen,Luan Tiangang
The quest for sustainable energy transition has intensified the demand for lithium extraction from salt-lake brines, necessitating advanced membranes for high-efficiency Li + /Mg 2+ separation. Integrating porous frameworks and two-dimensional (2D) scaffolds has shown promise for fabricating ion-permselective membranes, but is hampered by poor processability. Here we transform crystalline frameworks into porous liquids (PLs), and embed them within graphene oxide (GO) laminates to engineer an ultrathin and defect-free GO/PLs membrane. Discrete porous guests are uniformly confined within 2D nanofluidic channels mediated by a sterically hindered solvent. The GO/PLs membrane exhibits ultrahigh Li + permeance (0.75 mol m −2 h −1 ) and exceptional Li + /Mg 2+ selectivity (154.4) by regulating ion dehydration and ion-to-channel interactions. Efficient lithium extraction from simulated brine is demonstrated, reversing the Mg/Li ratio of 40 to achieve a Li/Mg ratio of 4.6. This work reports the manufacturing strategy of hybrid membranes based on porous frameworks and 2D materials for precise ion separation.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
·
2026
·
IF 9.6
Hebi Zhang,Wei Jia,Jianxun Bao,Min Wu,Yannan Zhang,Ziyi Zhu,Jianbei Qiu,Hao Wu,Yingjie Zhang
Spinel lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ) is a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and recyclability. However, its development is hindered by rapid capacity degradation and structural collapse caused by Jahn-Teller distortion and Mn-ions dissolution. In this work, a dual-functional LaNiO 3 coating on LiMn 2 O 4 particles was introduced to prevent direct contact with the F-containing electrolyte, meanwhile, apply compressive stress on the surface of LiMn 2 O 4 , suppressing surface MnO 6 octahedra distortion and preserving cubic symmetry during deep charge-discharge cycles. The strong La–O bonds can strengthen interface Mn–O bonds and increase the activation energy for Mn-ions disproportionation and acid erosion, thus reducing Mn-ions dissolution. Additionally, LaNiO 3 can serve as a conductive synapse to improve conductivity of LiMn 2 O 4 and optimize the Li + migration pathway at the electrode-electrolyte interface, reducing the migration potential barrier of Li + . Electrochemical tests show that the 1 wt% LaNiO 3 -coated LiMn 2 O 4 cathode achieves an initial discharge capacity of 130.37 mAh/g with a capacity retention of 92.27% after 600 cycles. This performance is significantly superior to that of the unmodified LiMn 2 O 4 , which only exhibits an initial capacity of 115.63 mAh/g and a retention of 79.55%. This work offers an effective strategy to enhance LiMn 2 O 4 stability and capacity and provides a theoretical basis for using perovskite materials in surface modification.
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高影响因子
Small
·
2026
·
IF 11.8
Quanzhen Sun,Zhipan Zhong,Yifan Li,Xiaowen Zhang,Weihuang Wang,Caixia Zhang,Hui Deng,Shuying Cheng
Performance of flexible kesterite Cu 2 ZnSn(S, Se) 4 (CZTSSe) solar cell is mainly limited by large open-circuit voltage deficit ( V oc, def ) due to severe carrier recombination primarily caused by numerous defects at CZTSSe/CdS interface. Here, a modification strategy by doping Li ions at front interface is proposed to reducing carrier recombination, where the sample uniformly doped Li ions into CZTSSe absorber is the reference group. In this process, the secondary phases and defects in the CZTSSe absorber are effectively inhibited. Furthermore, the highly dense absorber enables a high-quality CZTSSe/CdS heterojunction, resulting in the decreased interface defect states from 2.90 × 10 15 to 9.00 × 10 14 cm −3 . These effects result in a reduced carrier recombination and decreased V oc, def . The flexible CZTSSe solar cell has achieved a power conversion efficiency of 12.31% with a V oc of 0.555 V. Additionally, the flexible devices with 1.22 cm 2 area (champion efficiency of 9.61%) are assembled into the flexible solar module (4.56 cm 2 area) with 7.85% efficiency and V oc of over 2 V by the shingled technology. The work provides insights for promoting the efficiency of flexible kesterite solar cells and demonstrates the viability of shingled technology for flexible solar modules.
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高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·
IF 5.8
Sa Xue,Yukun Zhang,Xiangyang Liu,Maogang He
Both TFETFE and 2FB enhance Li⁺-anion interaction, increasing AGGs contents. • 2FB promotes Li⁺-anion interaction more effectively than TFETFE, forming more AGGs. • Inorganic-rich SEI and CEI are generated by deep decomposition of anions in PPB. • Li|PPB|LFP full battery displays a capacity retention of 83.6% after 150 cycles. Due to the low viscosity and weak polarity, fluorinated ethers and fluorinated aromatic compounds are widely used as fluorinated diluents in locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes (LCILEs) to improve the electrochemical performance of ionic liquid electrolytes (ILEs). However, the extent to which these two types of diluents regulate Li + solvation structure remains unclear. In this work, two LCILEs were designed using 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether (TFETFE) and 1,2-difluorobenzene (2FB) as diluents, denoted as PPT and PPB, respectively. Raman spectroscopy reveals that both TFETFE and 2FB can strengthen the interaction between Li⁺ and anion, thereby promoting the formation of aggregate ion pairs (AGGs). Compared with TFETFE, 2FB exhibits a more pronounced ability to enhance Li⁺-anion interaction, increasing the proportion of AGGs in PPB electrolyte to 42%, which is significantly higher than that in PPT electrolyte (30%). The enriched AGGs facilitates the preferential reduction and deep decomposition of FSI⁻ at the electrode/electrolyte interphase, leading to the formation of inorganic-rich (LiF, Li 3 N, Li 2 S and Li 2 O) solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) with the compact and uniform morphologies. Benefiting from the favorable interfacial chemistry, Li||Cu half battery based on PPB electrolyte delivers a high Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.7% at 1 mA·cm -2 , exceeding that of PPT (98.0%). In addition, the Li||Li symmetric battery exhibits stable cycling for 160 hours at 2 mA·cm -2 . The Li|PPB|LFP full battery further retains 83.6% of its initial capacity after 150 cycles with an average CE of 99.8%, demonstrating superior electrochemical performance. This work provides practical guidance for the rational selection and structural design of diluents for high performance lithium metal battery electrolytes. Download: Download high-res image (231KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Hongwei Cai,Xiaoxiao Pan,Cong Li,Hao Luo,Menghan Lin,Mingyi Shang,Jiqiong Lian,Yanan Fu,Hongjun Yue,Huixin Chen,Xiaolong Li,Yujin Tong,Mi Lu
A synergistic strategy of alkaline etching and nitrogen lattice occupation is proposed. • The constructed gentle gradient structure achieves dual optimization of the kinetic process and reaction sufficiency. • The F-RG-US/M exhibits 871 mA h g −1 at 0.1C with 87.8% retention at 20C. A higher F/C ratio leads to poor conductivity of the fluorinated carbon (CF x ) material, resulting in slow kinetics of the lithium‑fluorine reaction and thus hindering its application in special fields such as high-power energy storage. By designing and constructing a new type of CF x structure, it is of great significance for improving the rate performance of Li/CF x batteries. Herein, a synergistic strategy of alkaline etching and nitrogen lattice occupation is proposed to construct a CF x material (F-RG-US/M) with a gentle gradient defluorination. NaOH achieves gradient defluorination, forming a gentle step-like gradient structure in the material. This structure provides abundant Li + diffusion pathways while maintaining a reasonable F/C ratio to ensure specific capacity. Urea alters the distribution of electron clouds through nitrogen doping, enhances conductivity, and modulates the chemical environment of adjacent C F bonds. MWCNTs form an elastic conductive network, which further accelerates the transmission of electrons and ions. Consequently, F-RG-US/M exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance, delivering a specific capacity of 765 mA h g −1 with 87.8% capacity retention at a high rate of 20C. This work not only enables a sustainable upgrading and closed-loop recycling route for spent graphite but also provides a viable pathway for the industrial deployment of high-power CF x cathodes. A synergistic strategy of alkaline etching and nitrogen lattice occupation is proposed to construct a CF x material with a gentle gradient defluorination. This approach enables closed-loop recycling of spent graphite and offers a practical route for the large-scale industrial application of power type CF x materials. Download: Download high-res image (169KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）