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Tobacco bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most devastating diseases. Microbial keystone taxa were proposed as promising targets in plant disease control. In this study, we obtained an antagonistic Bacillus isolate EM-1 from bacterial wilt-suppressive soil, and it was considered rhizosphere-resident bacteria based on high (100%) 16S rRNA gene similarity to sequences derived from high-throughput amplicon sequencing. According to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MLSA, strain EM-1 was identified as Bacillus velezensis . This strain could inhibit the growth of R. solanacearum , reduce the colonization of R. solanacearum in tobacco roots, and decrease the incidence of bacterial wilt disease. In addition, strain EM-1 also showed a strong inhibitory effect on other phytopathogens, such as Alternaria alternata and Phytophthora nicotianae , indicating a wide antagonistic spectrum. The antimicrobial ability of EM-1 can be attributed to its volatile, lipopeptide and polyketide metabolites. Iturin A (C14, C15, and C16) was the main lipopeptide, and macrolactin A and macrolactin W were the main polyketides in the fermentation broth of EM-1, while heptanone and its derivatives were dominant among the volatile organic compounds. Among them, heptanones and macrolactins, but not iturins, might be the main potential antibacterial substances. Complete genome sequencing was performed, and the biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for iturin A and macrolactin were identified. Moreover, strain EM-1 can also induce plant resistance by increasing the activity of CAT and PPO in tobacco. These results indicated that EM-1 can serve as a biocontrol Bacillus strain for tobacco bacterial wilt control. This study provides a better insight into the strategy of exploring biocontrol agent based on rhizosphere microbiome.
A novel ionic liquid, 4-amino-1-(3-mercapto-propyl)-pyridine hexafluorophosphate (AMPPH), was successfully synthesized and characterized. Subsequently, AMPPH was used as a functional monomer to fabricate AMPPH-modified gold nanoparticles (AMPPH–AuNPs) via a one-pot synthesis method. The as-prepared AMPPH–AuNPs were confirmed with transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. AMPPH–AuNPs were used to construct a biocompatible interface to immobilize rabbit anti-human IgG (anti-HIgG) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface, followed by a cross-linking step with glutaraldehyde to fabricate an anti-HIgG–AMPPH–AuNPs/GCE. The nonspecific binding sites were enclosed with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to develop an immunosensor for human IgG. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were used to investigate the electrochemical properties of the developed immunosensor. The results indicate that AMPPH–AuNPs can improve the immunosensing performance. The current response of the immunosensor was found linearly related to human IgG concentration in the range of 0.1–5.0 ng mL–1 and 5.0–100.0 ng mL–1. The detection limit is estimated to be 0.08 ng mL–1 (S/N = 3). The obtained immunosensor was successfully applied to the analysis human IgG immunoglobulin in human serum, and the results were well consistent with ELISA method.
A convenient and efficient Ni-catalyzed reaction has been developed for synthesis of mono-substituted o -carboranes, involving cross-coupling of readily available and sterically hindered 1-bromomethyl- o -carborane with various alkyl and aryl Grignard reagents under mild conditions, and the corresponding o -carborane derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields. This method should provide a new strategy for construction of diverse and useful functionalized boron cluster compounds for medicinal chemistry and material chemistry.
In this work, a simple method for the highly selective preparation of valuable dinitronaphthalene from 1-nitronaphthalene employing NO 2 as a nitrating agent has been developed. The results demonstrated that HY zeolite as an eco-friendly and stable catalyst exhibits good catalytic performances. The total selectivity to valuable dinitronaphthalene compounds including 1,5-, 1,4-, and 1,3-dinitronaphthalene can reach 87.6 % in our present nitration reaction. Meanwhile, the physico-chemical properties of catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TG/DTG, BET, and NH 3 -TPD, and the probable nitration reaction mechanism was also suggested in this paper. The present nitration process seems to be a mild, eco-friendly, and economical route for the preparation of valuable dinitronaphthalene compounds.
A highly efficient enzyme-based screen printed electrode (SPE) was developed based on the covalent immobilization of tyrosinase (Tyr) on 1-formylpyrene (1-FP) functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Here, the bifunctional molecule 1-FP was assembled onto rGO sheets. Subsequently, a Tyr molecule was immobilized on the 1-FP forming a biocompatible nanocomposite, which was further coated onto the working electrode surface of the SPE. The performance of as-prepared biosensor was investigated by the detection of phenol in the presence of molecular oxygen. Wide linear range, low detection limit and high sensitivity were obtained with this biosensor due to the good conductivity of rGO as well as the high bioactivity of Tyr well retained by the 1-FP/rGO platform. Finally, the proposed biosensor was successfully employed for the detection of phenol in real water samples with satisfactory results. These findings suggest that this novel biosensor could offer great potential for rapid, cost-effective and on-field analysis of phenolic compounds.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted considerable attention as novel nanoporous materials that combine the properties of organic and inorganic porous materials. HKUST-1 is one of the most well-developed and representative MOFs with wide applications in gas storage and separation, adsorption, and capture. In this study, we used microfluidics, an advanced technique of manipulation of small fluid volumes in microscale or even nanoscale channels, to investigate the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the growth of HKUST-1 crystals. We directly observed the morphological evolution of HKUST-1 crystals through droplet arrays with the SDS concentration gradient. The morphology of HKUST-1 evolved from cubic to cuboctahedron and finally to octahedron with increasing SDS concentration. The study results demonstrated the important role played by anions in solution in the structural regulation of HKUST-1.
Low-symmetry two-dimensional (2D) materials with unique in-plane anisotropy can promote both fundamental science and practical applications in optics, optoelectronics, electronics, and polarization detection. As a member of 2D materials, doping/alloying material systems have gained great attention owing to the tunable bandgap and special properties. However, the in-plane anisotropic optical and electrical properties of these 2D alloy materials have rarely been reported. In this work, low-symmetry 2D Ge(1−x)SnxSe2 (x = 0–1.0) alloy flakes have been synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with a bandgap varying from 1.55 eV (GeSe2, x = 0) to 1.90 eV (SnSe2, x = 1.0). Angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy (ARPRS) is used to confirm the in-plane vibrational anisotropy, and azimuth-dependent reflectance difference microscopy (ADRDM) is applied to visualize the in-plane optical anisotropy. Polarization-dependent transmission spectroscopy (PDTS) is carried out to reflect the in-plane absorptional anisotropy and linear dichroism, and birefringence characteristics are also found in the subsequent studies. All of the results indicate the unique in-plane optical anisotropy and birefringence characteristics of the 2D Ge(1−x)SnxSe2 alloy flakes, providing new opportunities for polarization-controlled devices, optical wave plates, and polarizers.
In this paper, a C8 perfluoroacrylate/polybutene-1 composite film was prepared by solution casting method. Analysis by FTIR, XRD and SEM shows that C8 perfluoroacrylate has been successfully and uniformly integrated into the matrix polybutene-1, and the crystal structure of the matrix polybutene-1 remains intact without any change. When the content of the filler is very low, local structural changes can occur, resulting in an increase in dielectric constant and breakdown field strength , and can reduce conduction losses at high frequencies. Therefore, at room temperature, when f = 1kHz and the filler content is 0.2wt%, the dielectric constant of the composite film ε = 12.81, which is nearly 620 % higher than that of the pure PB-1 film ( ε = 1.78), and the dielectric loss still remains in tan σ = 0.011, and the composite film storage performance as well as the most excellent U e = 8.65 J/cm 3 , which is 8.5 times the energy storage density of the pure PB-1 material ( U e = 1.02 J/cm 3 ). The composite materials in this work show excellent properties such as high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, and high breakdown field strength, which are prospective in the application of capacitors.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1,7-dibromo-perylene diimide derivatives can expend the chemical structure and photophysical properties of perylene diimide. Here, we reported firstly the synthesis and mechanism of 1-bromo-7-hydroxyl perylene diimide derivative by the 1,7-dibromo-perylene diimide derivative in electron donor solvents (such as, NMP, DMF and etc) and under visible light irradiation . The structure of 1-dibromo-7-hydroxyl perylene diimide was confirmed by HR-MS, UV–Vis absorption spectra and comparison of UV–Vis absorption spectra with product from the heating chemical reaction. Furthermore, the 1-bromo-7-hydroxyl-perylene diimide derivative showed a higher optical response to some metal ions , such as Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ and etc.
Fe3O4-APTES-CS2 was prepared by modification of Fe3O4 with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and carbon disulfide (CS2). Lipase was covalently bonded to Fe3O4-APTES-CS2 to obtain the immobilized lipase Fe3O4-APTES-CS2-lipase. The textural characteristic of Fe3O4-APTES-CS2-lipase was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. The optimal immobilization conditions were 2.5 mg/mL lipase, pH 7.0, 35 °C, 3 h. The loading amount of lipase was 119.0 mg/g carrier. The immobilization efficiency reached 57%. (R)-(+)-N-acetyl-1-methyl-3-amphetamine was synthesized by Fe3O4-APTES-CS2-Li- pase. The conversion, enantiomeric excess of (R)-(+)-N-acetyl-1-methyl-3-amphet-a- mine and E value reached 36.8%, 98.5% and 132, respectivel.
A series of nitrogen-rich heterocyclic 1H,1′H-5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate salts, namely, 1,2,4-triazolium (2), 3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium (3), 4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium (4), 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium (5), 2-methylimidazolium (6), imidazolium (7), pyrazolium (8), 3-amino-5-hydroxypyrazolium (9), dicyandiamidine (10), and 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin (11), was synthesized with cations. These energetic salts were fully characterized through FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. The structures of 2, 3·7H2O, 6·2H2O, 8, and 10·4H2O were further confirmed through single crystal X-ray diffraction. Their thermal stabilities were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that all of the salts possess excellent thermal stabilities with decomposition temperatures ranging from 225.7 °C to 314.0 °C. On the basis of the Kamlet–Jacobs formula, we carefully calculated their detonation velocities and detonation pressures. All of the salts, except 11, exhibit promising detonation performances with a detonation pressure of 20.23–28.69 GPa and a detonation velocity of 7050–8218 m s−1. These values are much higher than those of TNT. The impact sensitivities of the compounds were determined via a Fall hammer test. All of the compounds show excellent impact sensitivities of >50 J, and this finding is higher than that of TATB (50 J). Therefore, these ionic salts with excellent energetic properties could be applied as new energetic materials.
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