SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
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2023
·
IF 8.4
Lingchu Huang,Weijia Li,Huaiyuan Sun,Jianyu Zhang,Bin Wang,Qi Lu,Tong Wang,Xishuang Liang,Fangmeng Liu,Peng Sun,Fengmin Liu,Geyu Lu
Expanding the application field of fuel cell type gas sensors is of great significance for achieving high sensitivity, real-time gas detection at room temperature. Here, we developed a fuel cell type NO 2 gas sensor based on MoS 2 nanosheet/Carbon fiber (CF) sensing electrode and Nafion proton conductor , enabling the fuel cell type sensor to detect NO 2 for the first time. The effect of MoS 2 loadings(10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg) on the sensors’ performance and the sensitizing mechanism are investigated, the sensor containing 40 mg MoS 2 exhibits the best performance, which can be attributed to the large number of active sites and efficient carrier transport properties of the corresponding electrode materials. At room temperature, the optimal sensor demonstrates a sensitivity of 45.6 nA/ppm to 1–50 ppm NO 2 and an ultra-low detection limit of 28.8 ppb, both the response and recovery time are less than 60 s. This work not only develops a highly sensitive, reversible and fast response NO 2 gas sensor, but also provides insights into sensing electrochemistry, material selection and catalyst/support materials, offering guidelines for future fuel cell type gas sensors to monitor a wider range of environmental pollutants.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
·
电化学
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2026
·
IF 6.3
Canda Zheng,Yunbo Shi,Bolun Tang,Peicheng Han,Jianhua Zhang
Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) is widely used for detecting harmful gases, such as NO 2 , because of its excellent gas-sensing properties. However, pure WO 3 sensors suffer from high operating temperatures, poor selectivity, and rapid sensitivity degradation. In this study, for the first time, Bi 2 O 2 Se crystals were synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state reaction under a vacuum, and WO 3 /Bi 2 O 2 Se heterojunction composites were fabricated using a one-step hydrothermal method to enhance the NO 2 sensing performance. By adjusting the Bi 2 O 2 Se content, the optimal performance was achieved at 15 wt% Bi 2 O 2 Se (WB-15), which showed a high response (R g /R a = 3.42) toward 50 ppm NO 2 at 190 °C, a low detection limit (100 ppb), rapid response/recovery times (83/91 s), excellent repeatability (S = 2.42%), and good long-term stability. Characterization results showed that acidic etching (pH 1.7) increased the specific surface area and the number of active sites of Bi 2 O 2 Se, enhancing its gas adsorption capacity. Analysis of gas-sensing mechanism revealed that the n–n heterojunction between WO 3 and Bi 2 O 2 Se effectively modulated the interface barrier and carrier migration, intensifying the electron depletion effect under NO 2 and significantly improving the sensing response. This study introduced Bi 2 O 2 Se as a novel sensitizing material, offering a new approach for designing high-performance heterojunction gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
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IF 6
Guojun Sun,Jiang Liu,Guiwu Liu,Yuli Zhao,Xiangzhao Zhang,Mingyuan Wang,Guanjun Qiao
Pristine SnO 2 is extensively employed in gas sensing applications owing to its excellent stability in acidic and alkaline environments; however, its sensitivity and selectivity still require improvement. This study reports the fabrication of Pt-doped SnO 2 (Pt-SnO 2 ) nanofibers via electrospinning and subsequent calcination, along with the optimization of Pt doping concentration for efficient NO 2 detection. The optimized sensor (0.5 Pt-SnO 2 ) displays significantly enhanced sensing performance relative to pristine SnO 2 , which is primarily ascribed to the elevated oxygen vacancy density and enlarged specific surface area. This sensor exhibits an approximately 20-fold increase in response to 100 ppm NO 2 compared with pristine SnO 2 and achieves a minimum detectable concentration of 5 ppb. The 0.5 Pt-SnO 2 sensor also demonstrates satisfactory response and recovery behavior over a wide detection span, along with remarkably high selectivity, excellent repeatability, and good long-term stability. Furthermore, first-principles calculations confirm that Pt-doped SnO 2 possesses higher adsorption energy and much greater charge transfer than pristine SnO 2 . This work presents a facile and robust strategy to enhance the NO 2 sensing performance of SnO 2 , with potential applications in industry and modern agriculture.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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2026
·
IF 12.2
Kaiqi Zhang,Jumabubi Yishake,Yue Zhao,Hua-Yun Xiao,Chenxi Li
The reaction between SO2 and NO2 is a key atmospheric sulfate formation pathway, yet its kinetics and mechanisms remain contentious. Here, we employ an aerosol optical tweezer to probe this reaction on microdroplets at the single-particle level. Two competing mechanistic frameworks were used for data interpretation─an aqueous and an interfacial reaction model. Accounting for intraparticle NO2 depletion, the aqueous reaction model explains the data given composition-dependent reaction rate constants. However, our experiments show that chloride ions accelerate sulfate production by more than an order of magnitude compared to sulfate ions, which cannot be explained by the aqueous reaction framework. With data extracted from previous nanoparticle experiments and this work, the interfacial reaction model provides a good fit across studies, yielding an interfacial rate constant that exponentially decreases with particle pH. To further probe the effect of organics, we modified the particle composition with ionic surfactants and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The surfactants can slow down or even completely inhibit the reaction, strengthening the hypothesis that the reaction proceeds via an interfacial pathway. Yet for the water-soluble PEG, the reaction rate decreases almost linearly with its mass fraction among solutes. Finally, under atmospherically relevant conditions, a comparison of the rate constants emphasizes using the full particle size distribution to calculate sulfate formation rates. By evaluating the SO2–NO2 reaction across a wide particle size range under different frameworks, this work provides a holistic picture of this reaction, underscoring the need to resolve this critical atmospheric process for compositionally complex particles.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2026
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IF 6.7
Yongrui Li,Zhaorui Zhang,Chenshuai Han,Fanjian Meng,Minghui Yang
Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS)-based gas sensors are promising platforms for NO 2 detection, yet their high operating temperatures and sluggish response-recovery times hinder practical applications. We report a hollow SnO 2 -In 2 O 3 heterostructure prepared through a hydrothermal route, followed by milling and calcination, enabling visible-light-activated NO 2 detection at room temperature. The sensor exhibits an exceptional response of 324.67–10 ppm NO 2 with rapid response/recovery times of 21/18 s and outstanding stability over 42 days. These remarkable properties arise from an increased number of active sites, a reduced band gap, and accelerates interfacial electron transfer. The well-engineered heterostructure facilitates efficient charge separation, enabling highly sensitive and low-power NO 2 sensing at room temperature. This work provides a heterostructure-engineering strategy for developing low-power MOS-based gas sensors for environmental NO 2 monitoring.
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Weiqi Wang,Jiamu Cao,Rongji Zhang,Huaxin Xiu,Yufeng Zhang
Although SnO2 nanomaterials have been leading components of semiconductor gas sensors, their long-standing challenges of high working temperatures limit their practical application for ultralow-power-consumption room-temperature sensing. In this study, Au and Pt bimetallic nanoparticles were used to fabricate a MoS2/AuPt/SnO2 nanocomposite device by interfacially engineering a MoS2/SnO2 nanostructure. Owing to the unique structure and electrical properties, the as-fabricated MoS2/AuPt/SnO2 device exhibits a remarkable sensing response (2.22), short response time (20 s), and excellent baseline recovery (8 s) to 10 ppm NO2 gas at 23 ± 2 °C. Meanwhile, the MoS2/AuPt/SnO2 device possesses high sensitivity, a low detection limit (20 ppb), commendable reversibility, appreciable stability, and excellent selectivity against ammonia, carbon monoxide, ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone gases. The superior sensing characteristics of the MoS2/AuPt/SnO2 nanocomposite device are attributed to the modulation effect of the Schottky junction and p–n heterojunction on the potential barrier, highly efficient interfacial electron transport, and edge-enriched structure, which provide abundant active adsorption sites. This work will advance the evolution of room-temperature gas-sensitive nanomaterials and render them promising for applications in ultralow power-integrated sensors.
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MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN
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2023
·
IF 5.4
Yue-Jie Bai,Li-Ying Liu,Xun-Kai Duan,Guang-Xuan Zhang,Chao Wang,Xin-Yu Zhou,Changhao Wang,Bing-Rong Wang,Xiao-Lin Wei,Ru-zhi Wang
To further develop sensing materials for NO 2 gas detection practical application, the operating temperature of the sensor should be significantly reduced. In this paper, In 2 O 3 flowers were prepared by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method . Then, In 2 O 3 was doped using TAA (thioacetamide). The prepared S-doped In 2 O 3 flowers have good gas sensitivity and significantly reduced operating temperature. When exposed to 10 ppm NO 2 gas, the corresponding response was 250 at 118 °C. It can be demonstrated by the first principle calculations, in which the doping of S atoms changes the electron structure of In 2 O 3 from semiconductor to metal with a lower potential barrier. Then, significantly affects the electron crossing the intergranular potential barriers. Therefore, the operating temperature of the sensor can be reduced. Our research results will provide new research ideas and technical approaches for designing, fabricating, and applying a new generation of In 2 O 3 gas sensors.
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Nanomaterials
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 8
·1413
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IF 5.3
Mingjia Bai,Chaoyang Li,Xiaojun Zhao,Qingji Wang,Qinhe Pan
ZnO is a wide band gap semiconductor metal oxide that not only has excellent electrical properties but also shows excellent gas-sensitive properties and is a promising material for the development of NO2sensors. However, the current ZnO-based gas sensors usually operate at high temperatures, which greatly increases the energy consumption of the sensors and is not conducive to practical applications. Therefore, there is a need to improve the gas sensitivity and practicality of ZnO-based gas sensors. In this study, three-dimensional sheet-flower ZnO was successfully synthesized at 60 °C by a simple water bath method and modulated by different malic acid concentrations. The phase formation, surface morphology, and elemental composition of the prepared samples were studied by various characterization techniques. The gas sensor based on sheet-flower ZnO has a high response value to NO2without any modification. The optimal operating temperature is 125 °C, and the response value to 1 ppm NO2is 125. At the same time, the sensor also has a lower detection limit (100 ppb), good selectivity, and good stability, showing excellent sensing performance. In the future, water bath-based methods are expected to prepare other metal oxide materials with unique structures.
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2022
·
IF 6.14
Weimeng Zheng,Zhongyue Zhang,Nannan Liu,Qingyu Li,Jianbo Sun
The construction of heterogeneous structures could boost the performance of materials in gas sensing applications since the interface may enhance charge transfer. However, appropriate design and containable synthesis methods of heterogeneous structures with high-quality interfaces remain challenging. In this paper, heterolayered SnO2/SnSe nanosheet composites were prepared by regulating the alkali concentration to control the self-assembly rates of SnSe nanosheets while forming defect point oxidation. Heterolayered SnO2/SnSe nanosheets were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method and then used as a highly sensitive sensor for the detection of NO2 at room temperature. The as-obtained SnO2/SnSe materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and I–V polarization to analyze the relationships between the heterogeneous structural morphology, crystallography, chemical components, electrical properties, and sensitivity mechanism. The results showed that the SnO2/SnSe-0.4 sample was prepared by the one-step hydrothermal method at the NaOH concentration of 0.04 mol/L. The SnO2/SnSe-0.4 sensor showed great sensitivity and higher selectivity to 1 ppm NO2 (resistance ratio = 7.8) at room temperature, roughly 7.1 and 2.7 times higher than that of pure SnSe and SnO2, respectively. In addition, the sensor exhibited a lower detection limit of 0.1 ppm. The improved sensing performance could be attributed to the large number of P–N heterojunctions of the SnO2/SnSe-0.4 material, enhanced interface charge transfer, and increased defect point oxidation in the material surface. The experimental results showed that SnO2/SnSe-0.4 is a very promising room-temperature NO2 gas sensing material, providing guidance for the rational design of heterogeneous structural sensors.
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Advanced Materials Technologies
·
2020
·Vol. 6
·期 1
·2000566
·
IF 5.969
Jinyong Wang,Jun Zhang,Wenfeng Wang,Yanan Guo
The detection of ultralow NO 2 for practical applications remains a significant challenge because the two critical characteristics of high sensitivity and good robustness are considerably unsatisfactory. Inspired by the classification of stimuli-receiving and signal-conveying for a stimuli-responsive procedure of a neuron in organisms, an internal micro-Schottky junction introduced into a chemiresistor is constructed as an efficient transduction strategy to boost the less concerned transducing stage for a further improvement in NO 2 sensing performance. The SnO 2 nanoflowers/reduced graphene oxide-based chemiresistor achieves a response of 10.5 toward 10 ppt NO 2 , with a record-breaking limit of detection of 0.73 ppt at room temperature as well as fast response and recovery times of 59 and 9 s at 10 ppt. Surprisingly, the sensor exhibits good robustness, including higher selectivity, long-term stability, and process stability. A comprehensive analysis of the electrical properties and energy band of inorganic materials reveals that the ultrahigh sensitivity and faster response/recovery are primarily related to the efficient transducing ability arising from the rapid electron transport and signal-amplifying effect contributed by micro-Schottky junctions. The concept of affiliating the sensing material modulation to the recepting and transducing stages and considering comprehensively provides a novel insight into the enhancement of gas sensing performance.
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TALANTA
·
2018
·
IF 4.244
Xiu-Fang Yan,Zeng-Ping Chen,Ying Huang,Chao Kang,Ru-Qin Yu
Probe encapsulated by biologically localized embedding (PEBBLE) has emerged as a new type of sensing technique for complex systems. Generalized ratiometric PEBBLE nanosensors prepared by encapsulating an intensity-based probe and an inert reference dye inside the pores of stable matrix possess advantages of easy synthesis, immunity to interference, lower toxicity, and robustness to variations in probe loading. However, the selection of appropriate reference dyes used in generalized ratiometric PEBBLE nanosensors is a rather difficult task since they should satisfy some stringent requirements. In this contribution, the feasibility of using carbon dots (C-dots) as generic inert references in synthesizing PEBBLE nanosensors was first investigated in detail. And a dual-wavelength monitoring strategy and the quantitative fluorescence model for generalized ratiometric probes (QFM GRP ) were adopted to solve the problems brought by the use of carbon dots as inert references. C-dots doped PEBBLE nanosensors (C-PEBBLE nanosensors) for the quantification of NO 2 − and free Ca 2+ were synthesized by encapsulating C-dots and intensity based fluorescence probes (i.e., acriflavine for NO 2 − , and Rhod-2 for Ca 2+ , respectively) inside the pores of stable matrix. Experimental results showed that the combination of C-PEBBLEs, the QFM GRP model and the dual-wavelength monitoring strategy achieved accurate quantification of NO 2 − and the free Ca 2+ in real-world samples. Their quantitative results were in good consistence with those determined by HPLC and atomic absorption spectrophotometer, respectively. The strategies proposed in this contribution have generic applicability in the synthesis of PEBBLE nanosensors and their quantitative applications.
研究领域:
生物化学
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分析化学
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Microsystems & Nanoengineering
·
2025
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·246
·
IF 9.9
Guo Chenfei,Liu Lin,Cai Zhengyang,Wang Yingyi,Guan Kejie,Sun Fuqin,Zhou Weifan,Gou Xiaoshuang,He Xiaoqian,Wang Xiaowei,Zhang Ting
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are intensively studied as promising materials for gas sensors owing to their large surface area and low working temperature. In this work, we report the synthesis of a layered SnS 2 single crystal by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach for NO 2 sensing. By tuning the growth temperature, high-quality crystals with a lateral size over 3 mm are obtained in 30 min. The 2D SnS 2 sensor with optimized thickness (~15 nm) shows a low detection limit (2 ppb), a fast recovery time (66 s/1 ppm), and a high response (~4702% @ 1 ppm NO 2 ) at room temperature (RT) under UV illumination. An in-situ Kelvin probe force microscope is employed to reveal the high selectivity of SnS 2 through qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of charge transfer behavior, including the directions and amount of charge transfer, upon exposure to different gases. In-situ Raman and first-principles density functional theory calculations further confirm the sensing mechanism toward NO 2 . Both experimental and theoretical results suggest that 2D SnS 2 holds promising potential as an RT NO₂ sensing material.
研究领域:
材料科学
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气体传感器
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纳米技术
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表面科学
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理论化学
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