RSC Advances
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 76
·62235-62240
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IF 3.84
Handong Jiao,Junxiang Wang,Long Zhang,Ke Zhang,Shuqiang Jiao
The electrochemical behavior of titanium ions at a liquid tin cathode has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry in a NaCl–KCl melt at 1023 K. The results show that the deposition potentials of alkali metals and titanium at liquid tin are more positive than those at a solid tungsten cathode. Meanwhile, the results prove that titanium(III) ions can be reduced at liquid tin with a one-step reduction, Ti3+ + 3e = Ti, which is a quasi-reversible process with diffusion-controlled mass transfer. The diffusion coefficient of titanium(III) ions is 1.05 × 10−5 cm2 s−1. Additionally, galvanostatic electrolysis has been carried out to clarify the effect of the current density on the cathodic products. The result demonstrates that a greater depth of titanium will be diffused into the liquid tin cathode during electrolysis with a lower current density.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2017
·
IF 3.133
Yun Wei,Lei Zhang,Chunhong Gong,Shengchao Liu,Miaomiao Zhang,Yupeng Shi,Jingwei Zhang
In this work, titanium nitride/carbon (TiN/C) nanofibers were prepared via a combination of electrospinning process and thermal nitridation process. For the first time, their microwave absorption performance was investigated based on the polarization loss and impedance matching characteristic. The result showed that a thin sample consisting of 15 wt% hybrid nanofibers in the wax matrix exhibited excellent microwave absorption property ( RL <-20 dB, 99% EM wave absorbed) in a broad frequency range (8.0–15.0 GHz) at the thickness less than 2.5 mm. Both the optimal reflection loss and the effective absorption bandwidth competes well with what has been observed in the composites with much higher filler loadings. The prepared TiN/C nanofibers could be used as lightweight and high-performance microwave absorbing materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电磁学
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
·
2017
·
IF 4.357
Jie Liu,Xue-Qian Wang,Bei-Bei Yang,Chun-Ling Liu,Chun-Li Xu,Wen-Sheng Dong
Tin-exchanged montmorillonite catalysts were prepared by an ion exchange method and examined as solid acid catalysts . The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy , N 2 adsorption–desorption analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, NH 3 temperature-programmed desorption analysis, and pyridine adsorption Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Subsequently, the catalysts were examined for use in the conversion of glucose into methyl levulinate in methanol. A high yield of methyl levulinate of 59.7% was obtained upon conversion of 0.3 g glucose in 24 g methanol over 0.15 g catalyst at 220 °C under 2 MPa N 2 for 6 h. The recyclability of the catalyst was also examined, and the conversions of glucose and methanol remained mostly unchanged under repeated usage of the catalyst in five catalytic runs; in contrast, the yield of methyl levulinate decreased slightly. The excellent catalytic performance of the tin-exchanged montmorillonite catalyst was attributed to a combination of the presence of a large amount of acidic sites and balanced amounts of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites on the catalyst.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
催化科学
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NANOTECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·Vol. 34
·期 44
·445401
·
IF 3.5
Xinlei Gan,Xuefeng Peng,Yinxia Han,Yanjun Xing,Jiaxing Xiong,Qiuxiang Wang,Jing Zhang,Yuejin Zhu
Recently, narrow bandgap tin–lead mixed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a research hotspot because they can be applied in tandem cells to break the Shockley–Queisser radiative limit of the single junction PSCs. However, the introduction of tin, on the one hand, makes the crystal quality of perovskite thin film worse, leading to the increase of film defects; on the other hand, the easy oxidation of divalent tin also leads to the increase of defect states, which seriously affects the photoelectric conversion efficiency of tin–lead cell devices. Good crystallization and low defect density of perovskite layer are very important to ensure good light absorption and photogenerated carrier generation and transport. Here, we adjust the crystallization of tin–lead perovskite films by a Lewis base—urea (CO(NH2)2), which significantly increases the grain size and improves the film morphology. At the same time, because of the Lewis base property of urea, the uncoordinated Pb2+ and Sn2+ defects of Lewis acids in the tin–lead films are effectively passivated, and the occurrence of non-radiative recombination in the films is reduced. Under the dual effects of improving crystallization and passivating defects, the photoelectric performance of tin–lead perovskite solar cell devices is significantly improved to 18.1% compared with the original device of 15.4%.
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PubMed
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ACS Catalysis
·
2023
·
IF 12.9
Yingying Cheng,Wenjing Xu,Jing Hou,Peng Kang
The electrosynthesis of multi-carbon chemicals such as glyoxylic acid (GX) and glycolic acid (GC) from oxalic acid (OA) offers a feasible pathway to achieve sustainable chemical production, especially when coupled with the electroreduction of CO2 to form OA. Here, we demonstrate a series of gallium tin oxide catalysts for selective, controlled OA electroreduction to GX and GC in acidic media. The product distribution can be tuned by changing the reaction temperatures. At room temperature using the GaSnOx/C catalyst, GX can be obtained with a GX Faradaic efficiency (FEGX) of 92.7% at −0.7 V vs RHE and a GX current density (jGX) of −100.2 mA cm–2. At a raised temperature of 80 °C using the GaSnOx/C catalyst, a GC Faradaic efficiency (FEGC) of 91.7% at −0.8 V vs RHE can be obtained. The accelerated OA electroreduction results from the Ga/Sn synergy in the catalysts. A proper Ga/Sn ratio not only enriches OA adsorption and enhances surface binding of intermediates, but also ensures catalyst stability in acidic media.
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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2023
·
IF 6.2
Yong Zhou,Zhihao Hu,Hongchao Zhao,Yanjie Wang,Jing Li,Cheng Zou
Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) emission from industrial fields and bacteria decomposing of sulfur-containing organic matter poses a significant impact on human health and atmospheric environment, thus necessitating the development of a H 2 S sensor with high sensitivity and exclusive selectivity especially at a very low dose. Chemiresistive sensors based on traditional metal oxides were readily limited by the elevated operating temperature and severe cross-sensitivity. To overcome these obstacles, we prepared two dimensional (2D) tin oxide (SnO 2 ) nanosheets decorated with thin black phosphorus (BP) as the sensing layer of MEMS H 2 S sensors. Compared with pure SnO 2 counterparts, BP-SnO 2 sensors demonstrated lower optimal working temperature (130 °C vs. 160 °C), higher response (8.1 vs. 4.6) and faster response/recovery speeds (39.8 s/47.4 s vs. 79 s/140 s) toward 5 ppm H 2 S as well as larger sensitivity (1.3/ppm vs. 0.342/ppm). In addition, favorable repeatability, long-term stability, selectivity and humidity tolerance were exhibited. Thin BP not only served as an excellent conductivity platform within the composites, but enriched the adsorption sites by constructing p-n heterojunctions and introducing more oxygen vacancy , thus separately accelerating and strengthening the gas-solid interaction. This study showcased the application superiorities of BP nanosheets in the field of gas sensing, simultaneously providing a new strategy for trace H 2 S sensing via the 2D heterojunctions.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2023
·
IF 15.1
Tian-Yu Teng,Fan Hu,Yan-Hui Lou,Jun-Jie Cao,Chun-Hao Chen,Yi-Ran Shi,Kai-Li Wang,Jing Chen,Zhao-Kui Wang,Liang-Sheng Liao
Tin-based perovskite solar cells (Sn-PSCs) are emerging as a potential alternative to lead-based PSCs in order to address issues of theoretical efficiency and toxicity limitations. However, due to the structural imperfections on the surface of perovskite films, the numerous defects can cause severe non-radiative recombination loss, which would reduce the efficiency and operational stability of Sn-PSCs. Herein, we used 4-fluorobenzoyl chloride (4FBC) for surface treatment of tin perovskite films. The introduction of 4FBC passivated the defects, improved the surface morphology, slowed down the formation of SnI 2 , suppressed the oxidation of Sn 2+ from top to bottom, and improved the carrier mobility. Encouragingly, the treated device achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 11.03 % and significantly improved the open-circuit voltage ( V OC ) to 0.94 V, the fill factor (FF) to 86.7 %, which both were the highest V OC and FF values reported in wide-bandgap Sn-PSCs (∼1.6 eV) to date. The findings emphasize the importance of surface treatment for tin halide perovskites and serve as a reference for further reducing the voltage loss in wide-bandgap Sn-PSCs.
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Catalysts
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 2
·291
·
IF 3.9
Huancong Shi,Xulei Yao,Shijian Lu,Yuanhui Zuo,Tao Zheng,Liangquan Jia
Sulfamethoxazole is a widely—used antibiotic with high water solubility and low biodegradability, which was considered a refractory environmental pollutant. Hence, a series of functionalized hybrids uniting Cu3P with TiN were prepared. The Cu3P/TiN—x composites remarkably removed the sulfamethoxazole in solution compared with Cu3P and TiN alone. All the as—prepared Cu3P/TiN—x hybrids integrated the advantages of strong adsorption and photocatalysis and achieved removal rates above 70% of sulfamethoxazole. Among the composites, the Cu3P/TiN—2 with a 1:1 molar ratio of Cu: Ti reached a 90% removal rate under dark adsorption for 30 min and subsequent photodegradation for 120 min. The enhanced performance of the Cu3P/TiN—x composites is attributed to the introduced flocculent TiN with a large specific surface area and high conductivity that provide more reactive sites and high electron transferability. Meanwhile, the strong corrosion resistance and chemical stability were also beneficial to the improved performance. Cycling experiments further demonstrate the stability and reliability of the composites. In addition, the capture experiments indicated that the superoxide radical (·O2−) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) played a major role in sulfamethoxazole degradation.Keywords:Cu3P/TiN;plasmonic photocatalyst;sulfamethoxazole;photodegradation
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2021
·
IF 4.527
Bin Xiao,Gang Wu,Tongde Wang,Zhengang Wei,Yanwei Sui,Baolong Shen,Jiqiu Qi,Fuxiang Wei,Qingkun Meng,Yaojian Ren,Xiaolan Xue,Junchao Zheng,Jing Mao,Kehua Dai,Qiong Yan
Bimetal oxides have attracted much attention due to their unique characteristics caused by the synergistic effect of bimetallic elements, such as adjustable operating voltage and improved electronic conductivity. Here, a novel bimetal oxide Sn 0.918 Sb 0.109 O 2 @graphene (TAO@G) was synthesized via hydrothermal method , and applied as anode material for lithium ion batteries . Compared with SnO 2 , the addition of Sb to form a bimetallic oxide Sn 0.918 Sb 0.109 O 2 can shorten the band gap width, which is proved by DFT calculation. The narrower band gap width can speed up the lithium ions transport and improve the electrochemical performances of TAO@G. TAO@G is a structure in which graphene supports nano-sized TAO particles, and it is conducive to the electrons transport and can improve its electrochemical performances. TAO@G achieved a high initial reversible discharge specific capacity of 1176.3 mA h g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 and a good capacity of 648.1 mA h g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 after 365 cycles. Results confirm that TAO@G is a novel prospective anode material for LIBs.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2021
·
IF 13.273
Jun-Jie Cao,Yan-Hui Lou,Wen-Fan Yang,Kai-Li Wang,Zhen-Huang Su,Jing Chen,Chun-Hao Chen,Chong Dong,Xing-Yu Gao,Zhao-Kui Wang
Serious issues such as easy-oxidation of Sn 2+ , fast crystallization rate and high defect density are still existing in tin perovskites to restrain their photovoltaic performance. Herein, a strategy of bottom passivation by potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) has been developed in FA 0.75 MA 0.25 SnBrI 2 -based perovskite solar cells. KSCN interlayer exhibited multifunctional roles in aligning energy levels, assisting perovskite crystallization and promoting charge transport. The resulting champion device delivered superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 11.17% under AM 1.5G illumination. It is worth noting that the champion indoor photovoltaics efficiency under 2956 K@1062 lx (334.41 μW/cm 2 ) illumination could approach 17.57%, which is the highest PCE for tin perovskite photovoltaics to our knowledge. The outstanding indoor performance demonstrates the huge application potential of eco-friendly tin perovskites.
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Materials Today Chemistry
·
2021
·
IF 8.301
G. Yan,S. He,N. Ding,Y. Lee,Y. Sun,X. Tang,X. Zeng,L. Lin
Recently, conductive hydrogels with multifunctionality have attracted much attention for various applications such as soft robotics and stretchable bioelectronics. Nonetheless, it remains a grand challenge to prepare conductive hydrogels with high strength and toughness at room temperatures without any external energy input. Here, the free radical polymerization of a lignin-based conductive hydrogel simultaneously featuring strong, tough, transparent, and self-healing properties is efficiently induced by a catalytic system comprised of tin metal ions and lignin molecules at room temperature without any external energy input. The tin ions and catechol groups contained in lignin can generate large amounts of hydroxyl radicals under the effect of ammonium peroxydisulfate. These free radicals can trigger the rapid self-gelation of the hydrogels at mild conditions within a few seconds (∼10 s). The dynamic cross-linking between the tin ions and catechol groups of lignin molecules in the hydrogel network endows the material with a tensile strain up to ∼1800%, which is far superior to the hydrogels triggered by other metals such Fe 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , and so on. Moreover, the obtained hydrogels exhibit high transparency (∼93.8%), excellent conductivity, and self-healing properties. The multifunctional hydrogels triggered by a simple yet effective self-catalysis strategy could find important applications in soft machines, sensing, and the inscription of information.
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ACS Applied Energy Materials
·
2021
·
IF 6.024
Zhuoxin Li,Xing Li,Mingchao Wang,Molang Cai,Xiaoqiang Shi,Yaqi Mo,Xianggang Chen,Dongxu Ren,Miao Yang,Xuepeng Liu,Rui Jia,Nikhil V. Medhekar,Songyuan Dai
Tin-based perovskites with low toxicity and a narrow band gap have been promising candidates for the fabrication of efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Nevertheless, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of tin-based PSCs still lags behind that of their lead counterparts due to the poor film quality induced by uncontrollable crystal growth and Sn2+ self-doping. Herein, we introduce a bifunctional additive, ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN), into the precursor solution, which is able to coordinate with SnI2 to effectively control the crystal growth of the FASnI3 perovskite and further passivate the trap states in the perovskite films. Furthermore, the modified FASnI3 perovskite displays an improved film quality, featuring a compact surface morphology with an enlarged grain size, as well as decreased trap density, resulting in the reduction of the Sn4+/Sn2+ proportion in the film. As a result, a considerably enhanced PCE from 4.45 to 8.15% has been demonstrated. More importantly, the NH4SCN-based device exhibits advanced environment stability, retaining over 70% of the initial efficiency after 100 h of exposure to 35 ± 5% relative humidity at room temperature in a dark environment. This finding provides an additive strategy to improve the efficiency and stability of tin-based PSCs.
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