RSC Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 30
·24437
·
IF 4.6
Feng Wen,Yongjun Wu,Jing Jin,Lincheng Zhang,Shuoqiu Tong,Cen Li,Li Ran,Yuzhang Zhu
Fermented soybean products are an integral part of the Chinese diet, valued for their distinctive aroma. Bacillus subtilis ( B. subtilis ) BJ3-2 is a highly effective fermentation strain widely used in the industrial production of bacterial-type douchi. However, the specific aroma characteristics of soybeans fermented by this strain remain unclear. This study utilized gene knockout, GC-O-MS, and multivariate statistical analysis to comprehensively investigate the aroma components of soybeans fermented by B. subtilis BJ3-2. For the first time, 12 key aroma skeleton compounds were identified, including guaiacol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and 2-methylbutyric acid, which primarily contribute to the smoky, roasted, and sweaty aroma attributes of fermented soybeans. Additionally, 17 compounds were considered to have important coordinating effects on soybean aroma, such as 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (buttery, creamy). Partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis demonstrated a good correlation between key aroma compounds and sensory attributes. Gene knockout of fadA and bkdB resulted in a significant increase in 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 1-octen-3-ol levels, along with a marked reduction in 2-methylbutyric acid levels. These changes enhanced the roasted and beany notes, reduced the sweaty aroma, and ultimately improved the overall aroma profile. These findings provide insights into the genetic regulation of aroma in fermented soybean products and form a foundation for reducing undesirable aromas and improving the overall aroma quality of industrially produced douchi. Bacillus subtilis fermented soy food is deeply loved by consumers, and its unique aroma characteristics are influenced by the fadA and bkdB genes.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 9.7
Shiyao Lu,Shuning Li,Yancheng Wu,Lin Cheng,Huanyu Li,Miao Wang,Meisheng Liang,Qiaoyan Li
Simultaneous elimination of CO and NO x remains a formidable challenge, largely due to the competitive oxidation reactions present in industrial emission streams. Although much prior research has concentrated on enhancing performance at low temperatures, limited catalytic activity in O 2 -containing environments has recently gained attention as a pressing issue. Herein, we developed an Ir/Si 2 Ce 1 O x catalyst via a SiO 2 -induced structural regulation strategy, which promotes the fine dispersion of CeO 2 and enables the strong anchoring of Ir species. This rational design facilitates the preferential exposure of the active Ir 0 (111) crystal plane, a key factor associated with optimized surface adsorption behavior. Furthermore, the abundant Ir-O-Ce interfaces in this unique architecture induce significant electron transfer from Ce to Ir, thereby stabilizing the metallic Ir 0 . Concurrently, the activated lattice oxygen at the Ir-O-Ce interfaces facilitates the formation of the key nitrate intermediates. Consequently, the catalyst demonstrates outstanding NO reduction and CO oxidation efficiency at 250 °C under oxygen-containing conditions. Our findings highlight a viable approach for stabilizing Ir 0 through tailored Ir Ce interactions, offering a pathway to robust CO-selective catalytic reduction (CO-SCR) performance in an oxidative environment.
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 7.1
Jianya Cai,Wenyan Ma,Tingting Xu,Ye Ke,Hanbin Chen,Ziyang Wu,Shuangta Xu
Freeze-dried shrimp retained 575 g/kg umami intensity and 6.57 mg/kg iodide. • Infrared-dried shrimp scored highest in overall liking (8.19 on a 10-point scale). • Thirty key odorants distinguished the four dried-shrimp aroma styles. • Sun-dried shrimp held the least iodide (1.15 mg/kg) and the most rancid notes. • Hot-air drying produced the strongest roast notes yet depleted iodide and umami. This study investigated the effects of four drying methods, hot-air drying (HAD), sun drying (SD), vacuum freeze-drying (VFD), and infrared radiation drying (IRD), on flavor quality and iodine nutritional characteristics of dried shrimp ( Fenneropenaeus chinensis ) using a multi-dimensional flavoromics approach. HS-SPME-GC-O-MS with aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) identified 94 volatile compounds, from which 30 key odorants (OAV ≥ 1, FD ≥ 64) were quantified by stable isotope dilution assay. OPLS-DA (R 2 Y = 0.97, Q 2 = 0.94) discriminated the four groups, with dimethyl trisulfide (VIP = 3.49) and 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine (VIP = 3.39) as core markers for VFD and HAD, respectively. Aroma recombination and omission experiments validated the identification completeness. VFD maximized freshness retention (EUC = 575 g MSG/kg) and iodine preservation (6.57 mg/kg; iodide/total iodine = 0.615), yet its sensory acceptability (6.33/10) was inferior to IRD (8.19) and HAD (7.37) due to lacking roasted complexity. EEG olfactory perception confirmed that IRD elicited the most balanced cortical response with the highest alpha-band power (12.23 μV 2 /Hz). A fundamental trade-off exists among freshness retention, roasted aroma development, and iodine preservation, with no single method dominating all dimensions. IRD is recommended as the optimal industrial drying method, achieving the best three-dimensional quality balance. Download: Download high-res image (498KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Food Bioscience
·
2026
·
IF 6.2
Xuemei Chen,Yi Ge,Xiaoyong Zhu,Kaige Chen,Jian Li,Maoshen Chen,Ling Chen,Bo Hu,Xiaoshu Tang,Yun Ma,Fei Liu
Vitamin B 12 (VB 12 ) is photolabile and exhibits low oral bioavailability. Its instability in the gastrointestinal tract, along with limited intrinsic-factor-mediated absorption, restricts its application in functional foods. To address these limitations, we proposed a novel strategy that utilized hydrogenated palm oil (HPO) and soybean oil (SBO) lipid blends (HPO/SBO) to improve the photostability and tailor digestive release of VB 12 encapsulated in freeze-dried W/O/W microcapsules. Adjusting the blend ratio modulates the crystallinity and packing density of the lipid matrix, thereby controlling the photostability and digestion behavior of encapsulated VB 12 . The formulation was subsequently applied to the gummy candies. Results indicated that increasing HPO proportion to 60% promoted a denser microcapsule network and reduced water activity, consequently improving VB 12 light retention from 26% to approximately 60%. Notably, this formulation ratio yielded favorable low gastric release (<50%) and efficient intestinal release (nearly 100%), resolving the typical trade-off between gastric protection and intestinal release. When incorporated into gummy candies, this formulation also demonstrated superior light protection and release balance with good system adaptability. Overall, HPO/SBO (60:40) serves as an effective structuring agent to stabilize VB 12 and tune its release through crystalline network regulation. This strategy holds great potential for designing high-performance VB 12 -fortified foods.
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Analytical Methods
·
2023
·
IF 3.1
Yan Wu,Chengwei Zuo,Yujie Mou,Hao Wang,Yongrui Hou,Xiaodong Su,Zhenfu Jia,Huidong Qiu
In this study, a new type of red light-emitting carbon dots (R-CDs) that can selectively recognize Cr(VI) was prepared by using the strategy of 2,4-diaminophenol to enhance the fluorescence of O-phenylenediamine based carbon dots. The results showed that 2,4-diaminophenol increased the quantum yield (QY) of carbon quantum dots (CDs), and the QY of CDs increased from the original 8.7% to 20.1%(R-CDs). R-CDs show sensitivity to acidic conditions and maintain good linearity between pH = 1.00-4.00, making them useful for pH probes. Furthermore, the prepared R-CDs possess good solubility in water. They are responsive to changes in Cr(VI) concentrations in aqueous environments. R-CDs' quenching was linearly correlated with the Cr(VI) concentration within a range of 0-20 μM, with a lower detection limit of 66 nM. The detection mechanism is attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between Cr(VI) and R-CDs, resulting in the fluorescence quenching of R-CDs. R-CDs could be considered effective multifunctional fluorescent probes for pH and Cr(VI) in aqueous environments. This study will provide new R-CD design strategies that selectively identify specific target substances.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2018
·Vol. 6
·期 20
·9528-9538
·
IF 9.931
Yali Weng,Zhenzhang Weng,Zhiyu Liang,Haixia Lyu,Zanyong Zhuang,Yan Yu
Intricate Fenton-like catalysts composed of mixed transition metal oxides (TMOs) frequently outperform simple TMOs in scavenging organic contaminants in wastewater. Nonetheless, their activity and/or reusability may sharply decline when abundant heavy metal ions in wastewater adsorb on the catalytic surface and passivate it. This study shows that mesoporous Ca–Mn mixed oxides prepared from a facile combination of Mn and an alkaline earth metal (i.e., Ca) (denoted as CaMnx) can readily overcome this problem. CaMnx without any additive (e.g., H2O2) was able to degrade organic contaminants (e.g., indigo carmine as a model contaminant) fast within 10 seconds, outperforming many other reported heterogeneous Fenton catalysts. Besides organics, the coexisting heavy metal ions (e.g., Cu2+ and Pb2+ as indicators) were also rapidly extracted. The outstanding performance was attributed to the synergy of Ca and Mn. CaO in CaMnx efficiently extracted metal ions via an ion exchange process, and MnOx generated abundant H2O2 and degraded the organics through an uncommon Fenton-like reaction. Therein, Cu species extracted by CaO catalyzed the decomposition of H2O2 into HO˙ radicals, speeding up the degradation reaction of the organics by 81 times. Benefiting from the gradual exposure of fresh Mn-sites protected by unreacted CaO, CaMnx without regeneration treatment maintained high efficiency in scavenging organics and heavy metal ions in cycling tests. CaMnx also showed great promise in treating complex water samples containing various heavy metal ions (e.g., Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Ag+, Zn2+ and Cr3+) and organic pollutants. The findings of this work enrich the rational design of related functional nanomaterials.
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JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
·
2024
·
IF 4
Qiao Kang,Zhe Wang,Yue Sun,Xinyu Hu,Yunlin Yang,Hehe Li,Huibin Sun,Baoguo Sun,Jinyuan Sun
Wild bitter melon ( Momordica charantia L. Var. Abbreviata Ser; WBM) is widely cultivated in East and Southeast Asia. It is made into lujiu with high-quality strong-flavor baijiu and presents a beautiful golden color and harmonious aroma. Lujiu is a type of alcoholic beverage similar to gin. In this study, the aroma profile of wild bitter melon lujiu (WBML) was determined through sensory evaluation, and important aroma-active compounds were identified through liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) coupled with gas chromatography–olfactometry–mass spectrometry (GC–O–MS) and aroma extraction dilution analysis (AEDA). A total of 42 aroma-active compounds were identified, and 28 of them with FD factor ≥ 3 were quantified. Sixteen compounds were pivotal aroma contributors, among which ethyl hexanoate, ethyl pentanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl octanoate, and acetic acid had the highest OAVs. Moreover, WBM-sourced aroma compounds were found in WBML, including dihydroactinidiolide, ( E , E )-2,4-nonadienal, β-ionone, etc. The extraction parameters of vacuum-assisted sorbent extraction (VASE) were optimized for the first time to analyze lujiu aroma. The effect of homologous polysaccharide addition to the aroma of WBML was explored with VASE–GC–MS. The greasy off-odor was decreased due to the reduction of ethyl octanoate volatility by polysaccharide addition.
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Small
·
2022
·Vol. 18
·期 40
·2202939
·
IF 15.153
Hongli Yang,Dongdong Zhang,Yong Luo,Wenxiang Yang,Xiaoqiang Zhan,Weiyou Yang,Huilin Hou
Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction by solar energy into carbonaceous feedstock chemicals is recognized as one of the effective ways to mitigate both the energy crisis and greenhouse effect, which fundamentally relies on the development of advanced photocatalysts. Here, the exploration of porous microrod photocatalysts based on novel Ni Co O solid solutions derived from bimetallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is reported. They exhibit overall enhanced photocatalytic performance with both high activity and remarkable selectivity for reducing CO 2 into CO under visible-light irradiation, which are superior to most related photocatalysts reported. Accordingly, the Ni 0.2 -Co 0.8 -O microrod (MR-N 0.2 C 0.8 O) photocatalyst delivers high efficiency for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction into CO at a rate up to ≈277 µmol g –1 h –1 , which is ≈35 times to that of its NiO counterpart. Furthermore, they display a high selectivity of ≈85.12%, which is not only better than that of synthesized Co 3 O 4 (61.25%) but also superior to that of reported Co 3 O 4 -based photocatalysts. It is confirmed that the Co and Ni species are responsible for CO 2 CO conversion activity and selectivity, respectively. In addition, it is verified, by adjusting the Ni contents, that the band structure of Ni Co O microrods can be tailored with favorable reduction band potentials, which thus enhance the selectivity toward CO 2 photoreduction.
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DYES AND PIGMENTS
·
2021
·
IF 4.889
Jie Zhang,Haishuang Jia,Wenfang Liu,Jun Wang,Dawei Fang
Cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) are essential active substance in human body. The identification and detection of biothiols and H 2 S are of great significance for the early diagnosis of certain diseases. In this paper, a new dual excitation and dual emission fluorescent probe , carbon quantum dot-O-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (CQDs-O-NBD), for the detection of biothiols and H 2 S was synthesized. The carbon quantum dots (CQDs-OH) (λ ex/em maxima = 377 nm/467 nm) were synthesized by a microwave-assisted method using hydroquinone as the carbon source. Through the reaction of the phenolic hydroxyl group of the carbon quantum dots and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl), the CQDs-O-NBD was synthesized. Due to the static quenching (SQ) and the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) from CQDs to NBD, the fluorescence of the CQDs-O-NBD is very weak. After adding biothiols and H 2 S, the ether bond of the CQDs-O-NBD was broken through nucleophilic substitution reaction , which led to the release of the CQDs-OH (channel 1 is turned on) and generation of a new compound NBD-thiols (channel 2). The CQDs-O-NBD as a probe shows the high selectivity and sensitivity for Cys/Hcy/GSH/NaHS (LOD of 0.24 μM/0.21 μM/0.19 μM/0.18 μM) over other aminos and ions by channel 1. The new formed compounds from NBD and Cys/Hcy have strong fluorescence under 470 nm wavelength light excitation (channel 2 is turned on), while the formed compounds from NBD and GSH/NaHS have no fluorescence (no channel 2), so the CQDs-O-NBD can discriminate Cys/Hcy (LOD: 0.07 μM/0.06 μM) from GSH/NaHS. In addition, the CQDs-O-NBD shows low toxicity and can be applied to the detection of Cys in fetal bovine serum and imaging in living cells.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2015
·
IF 3.391
Yunzi Feng,Yu Cai,Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse,Chun Cui,Guowan Su,Lianzhu Lin,Mouming Zhao
Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) is widely used for the screening of aroma-active compounds in gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O). In this study, three aroma dilution methods, (I) using different test sample volumes, (II) diluting samples, and (III) adjusting the GC injector split ratio, were compared for the analysis of volatiles by using HS-SPME–AEDA. Results showed that adjusting the GC injector split ratio (III) was the most desirable approach, based on the linearity relationships between Ln (normalised peak area) and Ln (normalised flavour dilution factors). Thereafter this dilution method was applied in the analysis of aroma-active compounds in Japanese soy sauce and 36 key odorants were found in this study. The most intense aroma-active components in Japanese soy sauce were: ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl 4-methylpentanoate, 3-(methylthio)propanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-methoxyphenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 2-phenylethanol, and 4-hydroxy-5-ethyl-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone.
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JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 3.498
Mei Yan,Wen-Dong Yao,Wenfeng Zhou,Wenlong Liu,Ru-Ling Tang
Inorganic gallates are attractive owing to their abundant structures and wide applications for nonlinear optics, magnetism , molecular sieve and catalysis. Herein, a new cesium cadmium gallate, CsCdGa 3 O 6 , has been synthesized by a solid-state reaction, which is the first I-II-III-O (I = alkali metals, II = divalent metals, III = Al, Ga, In) type oxide. It crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P 2 1 / c , and the three-dimensional Ga–O polyanionic framework is constructed by [Ga 4 O 14 ] 16− helical belts linked [Ga 6 O 6 ] 6+ and [Ga 8 O 8 ] 8+ cages. Thermal analysis indicates that it possesses high thermal stability. Various characterizations and results analysis including XRD , TG-DSC, IR, Raman spectrum , as well as electronic structure calculations were performed.
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MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
·
2025
·Vol. 70
·期 1
·e70363
·
IF 4.2
Shaoxuan Wang,Fei Pan,Xinyan Xu,Qian Fan,Yangyang Wang,Lei Zhao,Liang Zhao
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), potential carcinogens formed in processed meats, have been linked to liver injury. This study evaluated whether cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G, 100 mg/kg) protects against liver injury by the representative HAA 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ, 20 mg/kg) in mice, and explored mechanisms by integrated approaches: biochemical assays, histology, Western blot, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results demonstrated that C3G significantly ameliorated IQ-induced liver injury, as indicated by reduced serum AST and ALT and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) levels. Additionally, C3G restored redox homeostasis by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, while enhancing antioxidant defenses (GSH, GSH-Px, and SOD). Mechanistically, C3G exerted its protective effects via multiple anti-apoptotic pathways. Specifically, it attenuated mitochondrial apoptosis by lowering the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and inhibiting cytochrome c-caspase-9/3 activation. It also alleviated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by downregulating GRP78/ATF4/CHOP and caspase-12. Furthermore, C3G interfered with death receptor signaling by reducing Fas/FasL/FADD activation and caspase-8, while upregulating CFLAR. MD simulations further demonstrated that C3G binds to the hydrophobic pocket of BAX and weakens BAX-BIM interactions. These results conclusively identify C3G as a multi-target agent against IQ-induced liver damage, highlighting its promise for development into a novel dietary strategy to counteract the toxicological risks of processed meat consumption.
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