ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
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2026
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IF 5.8
Jiayi Chen,Wei Han,Yixuan Cai,Xudong Wang,Rugeng Liu,Meng Zhang,Mei Li,Weiqun Shi
Studied the electrochemical behavior of Ce(III) ions on Bi film electrodes and liquid Bi electrode. • Studied the effect of Ce (III) ions on the electrochemical behavior of UO 2 2+ at Bi film electrode and liquid Bi electrode. • Ce(III) ions and UO 2 2+ ions were separated via potentiostatic and galvanostatic electro-deposition on a liquid Bi electrode. • Found that better separation of Ce(III) ions and UO 2 2+ can be achieved at relatively low potentials. • The extraction efficiency and separation efficiency were calculated for electrolytic separation at lower potentials. To achieve the separation of uranium and fission products, a liquid Bi electrode was employed to study the electrochemical separation of the fission product Ce(III) ions and UO 2 2+ ions. The electrochemical reduction mechanism of Ce(III) ions was investigated at a Bi film electrode using three electrochemical testing methods: CV, SWV and CP, The results showed that a series of reduction peaks related to the formation of Ce-Bi intermetallic compounds appeared at potentials more positive than the reduction potential of Ce(III) ions. Meanwhile, the electro-reduction mechanism of Ce(III) ions at a liquid Bi electrode was also explored. A reduction peak associated with the formation of Bi-Ce solid solution was recorded. The impacts of Ce(III) ions on the electro-reduction mechanism of UO 2 2+ at a Bi film electrode were examined, and found that the electro-reduction of UO 2 2+ was two-step single-electron transfer process before and after the addition of Ce(III) ions. Furthermore, electrochemical separation of UO 2 2+ and Ce(III) ions was performed at a liquid Bi electrode at -0.7 V/-1.3 mA cm -2 . XRD results confirmed that the separation product included not only UO 2 , but also Ce 2 O 3 and Bi-Ce alloy. Nevertheless, constant potential electrolysis experiment was conducted at the potential of -0.3 V, and the product analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS demonstrated that only spherical UO 2 with a regular morphology was obtained. The separation factor between UO 2 2+ and Ce(III) ions and extraction efficiency of UO 2 were calculated to be 34.4 and 97.76 %, respectively. Download: Download high-res image (184KB) Download: Download full-size image
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STAR Protocols
·
2026
·Vol. 7
·期 3
·104713
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IF 1.4
Jia Liu,Xugen Chen,Lebing Wang,Feng Zhou,Jiantao Zhang
Summary Here, we present a protocol for generating concentration-modulated water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double-emulsion droplets (DEDs) to program DNA crystal morphology. We describe assembly of a dual-inner-phase glass capillary microfluidic device, flow-rate-controlled co-encapsulation, osmotic shrinkage, and image-based morphology analysis. This protocol validates encapsulation predictability using methylene blue and enables aspect-ratio control of 2T crystals and directional morphology regulation in 13-mer systems. For complete information on the generation and use of this protocol, please refer to Chen et al. 1
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2026
·
IF 13.2
Chaofan He,Ze Kang,Kai Kang,Jiayue Huo,Rui Zhao,Yong Guo,Jie Wei,Yuxia Chen,Chao Ma
Conductive hydrogels derived from natural biomass have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent flexibility and electrochemical performance. However, simultaneously achieving high mechanical strength, high electrical conductivity, and multifunctional integration remains a notable challenge. Herein, we propose a facile strategy to obtain bamboo cellulose nanofiber (BF) as the reinforcing phase using hydrated multi-carboxylic acid deep eutectic solvent and construct a multifunctional polyacrylamide-lignin/LiCl-BF (PAM-LLi-BF) hydrogel through free radical polymerization reaction induced by LLi catalytic system. The PAM-LLi-BF hydrogel leverages the uniform dispersion and permeation of BF throughout its network, as well as the dual effects of the LLi system in promoting rapid hydrogel polymerization and enhancing conductivity, which exhibits satisfactory compressive performance (615.27 kPa), tensile properties (strain of 1260.67%), and fatigue resistance. In addition, it possesses excellent conductivity, adhesion, and antifreezing capabilities. Moreover, the fabricated hydrogel-based flexible sensor simultaneously serves as a strain sensor (GF = 3.89, working range of 0–500%) and a pressure sensor (response time of 231 ms, stable sensing after 1000 compression cycles). Combined with a deep-learning algorithm, the PAM-LLi-BF hydrogel is integrated into an intelligent seat cushion and successfully applied to monitor human sitting posture in real time (with an identification accuracy rate of 95.1%).
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 9.1
Yingzhen Wu,Enshen Shi,Haojie Song,Lu Li,Chungang Xie,Yongjiang Yu,Yanan Liu,Zhongyi Jiang
Nanofiltration membranes possess great potential in ion separation, meanwhile, the pore and surface properties determining membrane permeance and selectivity, should be designed and regulated. Herein, we utilized reactive ionic liquid (1-aminoethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, AMIM-BF 4 ) simultaneously as aqueous phase additive and surface modifier to regulate pore and surface properties for fast and efficient Li + /Mg 2+ separation. AMIM-BF 4 was added in aqueous phase to undergo a competitive interfacial polymerization with polyethyleneimine (PEI), effectively increasing the average pore size of the membrane. Then, amino group in AMIM-BF 4 could react with the unreacted acyl chloride groups to modify membrane surface, increasing its positive charge and hydrophilicity. Accordingly, the membrane possessed high water permeance of 33.3 L m −2 h −1 bar −1 with MgCl 2 rejection rate of 98.9%, and separation factor of 22.7 for the mixed solution with magnesium-to‑lithium ratio (MLR) of 50:1. Meanwhile, during the 168-h continuous cross-flow test, the rejection rate for MgCl 2 remained above 98.1% with stable water permeance. Moreover, through the three-stage nanofiltration experiment, the membrane could reduce the MLR of simulated salt lake brine with 2000 ppm from 50:1 to only 0.02:1, demonstrating its potential for efficient lithium enrichment from complex brine.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 16.8
Renbo Gao,Yupeng Sun,Dong Liu,Tingting Zhang,Haoyu Bai,Zhixin Wang,Yanhui Miao,Yunliang Zhao
Synergistic regulation of PA layer cross-linking and hydrogen-bonding environment. • Enhanced interfacial polymerization degree based on pre-crosslinked structure. • Enhanced H-bond network via TA and MMTNS for ultrafast water transport. • A promising scalable route to break permeability-Li + /Mg 2+ selectivity trade-off. Polyamide (PA) membrane has become a promising material for direct lithium extraction from salt lake brine, but it faces the trade-off between permeability and Li + /Mg 2+ selectivity. Here, we propose a strategy to resolve this limitation by synergistic regulation of the crosslinked structure of the PA layer and the internal hydrogen-bonding environment. The pre-crosslinking of tannic acid (TA)-modified montmorillonite nanosheets (MMTNS) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) promoted the formation of a PA composite layer with narrow pore size, thereby enhancing Mg 2+ rejection. Their synergistic effect also achieves precise regulation of PEI: MMTNS inhibits PEI diffusion in the bulk phase, while TA facilitates its interfacial diffusion. The resulting heterogeneous polymerization dynamics forms a thin and dense PA layer, which enables high Li + /Mg 2+ selectivity and ultrafast water transport. In addition, MMTNS and TA construct a rich hydrogen-bonding network that improves the water transport environment and further enhances transport efficiency. The optimized membrane achieves a permeance of 10.08 L m −2 h −1 bar −1 and a Li + /Mg 2+ separation selectivity of 49.5, exceeding most currently reported selective Li + extraction membranes. This work provides insights into the control of the PA layer structure and mass transfer environment, facilitating the design of next-generation selective ion separation membranes. Download: Download high-res image (398KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Yanru Yuan,Yingfan Li,Xu Peng,Dong Zhang,Ziyi Xu,Peiyi Gao,Jinghe Guo,Bohan Ding,Yanxiang Wang
With the rapid development of flexible electronics and wireless communication technologies, lightweight and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are in high demand. However, conventional homogeneous MXene/polymer composites often exhibit excessive surface reflection and insufficient internal electromagnetic attenuation. In this work, a tannic acid-modified MXene (TA@MXene)/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composite film with a thickness-direction asymmetric structure was fabricated through a solution-casting process combining gravity-driven sedimentation and solvent evaporation. TA modification improved the dispersion stability of MXene nanosheets and facilitated the formation of an asymmetric conductive structure within the WPU matrix. The resulting composite film exhibited anisotropic electrical conductivity and effective EMI shielding performance in the X-band. At a TA@MXene loading of 12.5 wt%, the film achieved an EMI shielding effectiveness of 34.3 dB and an SSE/t value of 4975 dB cm 2 g −1 . In addition, the composite film maintained good mechanical flexibility, tensile strength, and improved flame-retardant performance. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for constructing multifunctional MXene-based flexible shielding materials through spatial regulation of conductive networks.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2026
·Vol. 36
·期 61
·e76959
·
IF 19.9
Haoxuan Jiao,Xin Peng,Xin Liu,Jianqiang Chen,Hao Tian,Yuzhi Fang,He Zhao,Xinyu Huang,Yahui Xue,Yuegang Zhang
Recent advancements in nanofluidic memristors have drawn significant attention owing to their capability to mimic neuromorphic functions observed in biological neural systems. However, challenges remain in structure miniaturization and achieving ion-specific and complex neuromorphic functions. Hydrogels, with excellent ionic conductivity and dynamic porous structures, establish an ideal ionic transport environment. Moreover, their diverse chemical functionalities enable pH- or electric field-modulated ion selectivity. Here, a miniaturized on-chip nanofluidic memristor based on asymmetrically nanoconfined polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel is reported. The device exhibits distinct transport behaviors depending on ion species, attributed to different interaction strengths between cations and carboxyl groups. Through diverse electrical modulations, neuromorphic functionalities including short-term plasticity, long-term plasticity, and spike-timing-dependent plasticity are demonstrated. Beyond electrical modulation, the device can also be chemically modulated. By regulating the pH of the solution and hence modulating the cation–hydrogel interactions in the nanofluidic channel, the device can achieve reconfigurable synaptic functions. Furthermore, by integrating two devices into series and parallel circuits, the “synaptic integration” function of biological neurons is mimicked, enabling fundamental “AND” and “OR” logic operations. This work presents a nanofluidic platform achieving ion-specificity, electrical control, chemical reconfiguration, and biomimetic integration, laying the groundwork for complex brain-like computing.
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Materials Today Chemistry
·
2026
·
IF 7.4
Ruojuan Liu,Yibu Wang,Kun Xie,Ronghua Zhang,Huifang Zhao,Jintian Xu,Xiao Zhang,Jiaxin Tang,Jiangfeng Lan,Jingnan Wang,Zhe Peng
Constructs a bilayer passive cooler integrating radiative and evaporative cooling. • Achieves high solar reflectance and strong mid-infrared emissivity. • Enables rapid moisture sorption and stable evaporative cooling. • Reduces building cooling energy consumption across diverse climate zones. The rapidly growing demand for space cooling, driven by urbanization and climate change, poses significant challenges to energy sustainability and carbon mitigation. Passive daytime radiative cooling offers a promising low-energy cooling strategy but is fundamentally constrained by climatic sensitivity and limited cooling power. Here, inspired by thermohygroregulation in desert mammals, we report a self-sustained coupled radiative-evaporative (CRE) cooling material that integrates radiative and evaporative cooling within a bilayer architecture. The CRE cooler comprises a porous polyethylene aerogel top layer with ultrahigh solar reflectance (∼98.0%) and high mid-infrared transparency, and a salt-based hygroscopic composite bottom layer encapsulated within a porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, enabling reversible moisture sorption and evaporation through a closed water cycle. Benefiting from hierarchical pore engineering, the CRE cooler exhibits high mid-infrared emissivity (∼0.92), low thermal conductivity (∼38 mW m −1 K −1 ), rapid moisture uptake (up to 1.72 g g −1 at 60% RH), and weakly humidity-dependent evaporation behavior. Outdoor experiments demonstrate robust daytime cooling of up to ∼5.1 °C relative to an uncovered control and ∼2.6–3.0 °C compared with a radiative-only cooler under both sunny and cloudy conditions. Building energy simulations across 18 global cities reveal annual cooling energy savings of 6.7%–21.2% and carbon emission reductions of 1.5–5.0 tCO 2 -eq. This work establishes a biomimetic and climate-resilient strategy for synergistic passive cooling with strong potential for low-carbon building thermal management.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 19.9
Xiaohong Guo,Xiaoqiang Guo,Xuxu Yang,Yongrui Ti,Zhichao Yang,Jie Chen,Qian Pang,Wenjing Shi,Xiangju Feng,Feifei Wang,Di Wu,Kunsong Chen
Facile stiffness switching enables adaptive flexible smart materials. However, conventional hydrogels exhibit fixed mechanical properties once formed, struggling to flexibly switch between fluid and solid states, while lacking damage repair and rapid dissociation capabilities. Here, we propose a “solvent-regulated coacervate-gel transition” strategy. In this strategy, a reinforced reversible hydrogen-bond network between the polymer chains is formed after the hydration layer is disrupted by the poor solvent ethanol. This hydrogen-bond network can be densified or progressively dissociated by modulating the solvent and temperature. Ultimately, a liquid coacervate with an initial modulus of 12.69 Pa can be gradually programmed into stiff hydrogels and further into a dense xerogel with a modulus exceeding 15.10 MPa and compressive strength of 26.47 MPa. Importantly, these distinct mechanical states are reversibly interconvertible. Materials across this broad mechanical range exhibit rapid state-adaptive healing capability. They simultaneously maintain environmental stability under extreme pH and ionic environments, together with favorable biocompatibility. This work offers a new paradigm of performance-programmable smart materials for intelligent logistics monitoring, flexible wearable sensors, and biointegrated adaptive systems.
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Feng Rumeng,Xu Wenyu,Wang Hongwei,Wang Binfen,Li Jialin,Chang Zelin,Huang Zhaodong,Chen Ze,Li Xinliang
Conversion-type static bromine batteries demonstrate promise in high output voltage and large capacity for rechargeable energy storage due to the inherent polyvalent reaction potential. Nevertheless, the combination of the limited two-electron 2Br - /Br 2 redox couple and the redox-inactive organic ligands presents a fundamental bottleneck for the overall specific energy. Herein, ethyl viologen dibromide is developed as an energetically active positive electrode for organic lithium-bromine batteries by efficient coordination chemistry, featuring an advanced six-electron redox mechanism triggered by both intercalation and conversion reactions. The activated redox couple of 2Br - /2Br + incubates a collaborative increase in capacity (632.8 mAh g −1 Br ) and discharge voltage (3.7 V). Besides, ethyl viologen undergoes reversible two-step intercalation and extraction of Li + ions, contributing to additional energy storage. Reciprocal spectroscopic characterizations and computational electrochemistry indicate the chemisorption effect and interhalogen confinement and detail the dynamic mass-charge transfer pathway. This work sets a paradigm worth emulating for designing high-performance halogen batteries.
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PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2026
·
IF 7.9
Shengkai Liu,Ruimeng Liu,Wenxuan Wang,Dandan Hu,Yu Han,Cong Li,Huiling Li,Chang Wan,Tai Peng,Wei Wang,Daxin Liang
A Hofmann-degraded HTO/CMC/PVA composite film solves powdered HTO’s solid-liquid separation issue via a dense cross-linked network. • Protonated primary amine groups boost lithium selectivity by nearly twofold through the Donnan exclusion effect. • Superior lithium adsorption in real samples, retaining 91.3% capacity after six adsorption-desorption cycles. Rapid global new energy development fuels explosive lithium demand, with efficient purification of salt lake brine and battery leachate a research hotspot. Liquid-phase lithium recovery is severely hindered by coexisting metal ions with ionic radii similar to lithium, leading to high system complexity. Although powdered H 2 TiO 3 (HTO) lithium ion sieves have inherent advantages of stable structure and excellent adsorption capacity, they face critical technical bottlenecks including low solid-liquid separation efficiency and easy co-adsorption by high-valence interfering ions. To solve these problems, this study modified polyacrylamide (PAM) through Hofmann degradation reaction to introduce primary amine groups, and further compounded modified PAM with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare an HTO-loaded CMC/PVA/PAM composite adsorption film. The film forms a dense cross-linked network via intermolecular hydrogen bonds among the three polymers, fundamentally solving the solid-liquid separation issue of powdered HTO. In an alkaline adsorption environment (pH < 10.5), primary amine groups on modified PAM are protonated to form positive charge sites, which exert the Donnan exclusion effect through electrostatic repulsion to effectively inhibit co-adsorption of magnesium, cobalt, manganese and nickel ions, raising the lithium selective separation efficiency of HTO/CPP2 by nearly twofold compared with HTO/CP. The film showed outstanding specific adsorption performance in actual Da Qaidam Salt Lake water samples and waste battery residue leachate, with good cycling stability that retains 91.3% of the initial adsorption capacity after six cycles. This research thus provides a novel and feasible technical solution for the integrated green extraction of high-purity lithium from two typical complex lithium-containing systems. Download: Download high-res image (225KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Jingze Luan,Yue Zhang,Weiwei Jian,Jialin Geng,Chunbo Xu,Yihao Yang,Dandan Han
A biomimetic triple-synergistic Zn-ICH hydrogel is developed for wearable strain sensing. • The hydrogel mimics extracellular-matrix-inspired multiple weak interaction coupling. • Zn-ICH integrates toughness, ionic conductivity, adhesion, and anti-freezing ability. • The sensor enables reliable human motion monitoring and real-time HMI control. • Zn-ICH also shows promise for flexible zinc-ion energy-storage devices. Inspired by the synergistic coupling of multiple weak interactions in natural extracellular matrices, here a triple-synergistic biomimetic double-network ionic conductive hydrogel (Zn-ICH) strategy is proposed to achieve high-performance flexible strain sensors with balanced comprehensive properties. Specifically, the rigid polyacrylamide/sulfobetaine methacrylate (PAM/SBMA) covalent network provides structural stability under large deformations, while the reversible Zn 2+ -sodium alginate (Zn 2+ -SA) dynamic coordination network enables efficient energy dissipation, and the zwitterionic glycerol hydration microenvironment ensures continuous ion transport, robust interfacial adhesion and wide-temperature tolerance, breaking the inherent performance trade-offs of conventional conductive hydrogels. The Zn-ICH-based strain sensor exhibits a gauge factor of 0.93–1.29 over 0–500% strain, enabling reliable detection of human motions and physiological signals. Furthermore, the constructed wearable human-machine interaction system enables stable and near-real-time robotic arm actuation with a motion synchronization accuracy of 99%. Additionally, when used as a zinc-ion capacitor electrolyte, the Zn-ICH hydrogel enables the flexible device to deliver a specific capacity of 150 mAh·g −1 at 0.3 A·g −1 and maintain 95% capacity retention after 5000 cycles. This work establishes a universal design principle for multifunctional conductive hydrogels, offering broad application prospects in wearable electronics and flexible energy storage. Download: Download high-res image (432KB) Download: Download full-size image
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