WATER RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 12.4
Ping Sun,Xuan-Xin Chen,Yuan-Ping Zeng,Zhi-Yi He,Yun-Yan Gao,Raymond Jianxiong Zeng,Hou-Feng Wang
The distribution and transformation of water content critically influence sludge dewatering performance and remain central to sludge treatment research. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), known for its non-destructive and rapid analysis, has emerged as a vital tool for characterizing water distribution in sludge, though its limitations require further investigation. This study employed LF-NMR to analyze T₂ relaxation spectra of sludge under various pretreatments and with differing water contents (97 %–62 %). Results indicated that, despite similar overall water content, sludge subjected to different pretreatments exhibited significant variations in T₂ peak counts and times. Notably, T₂₁, T₂₂, T₂₃, and T₂₄ showed significant exponential relationships with water content (p < 0.0001). The transformation and migration of adsorbed, interstitial, and free water demonstrated complex bidirectional continuity. Removal of adsorbed and interstitial water significantly altered sludge structure, diminishing the reversibility of water reabsorption, whereas removal of free water had minimal impact on microstructure. Overlapping T₂ relaxation peaks suggested continuous transitions among water states, challenging the traditional discrete categorization. Neglecting changes in T₂ peak times may lead to misinterpretation of water states and affect assessments of dewatering performance. While LF-NMR shows great potential, its limitations in resolving overlapping peaks and quantitatively assessing water states must be acknowledged. Consequently, LF-NMR should be regarded as a qualitative or semi-quantitative method rather than a purely quantitative tool as often assumed. Future research should integrate higher-resolution T₁–T₂ two-dimensional NMR techniques with advanced data processing to more accurately elucidate the mechanisms of water migration and transformation within sludge.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
Meiyue Zhao,Jialing Wu,Lihua Geng,Ning Wu,Yang Yue,Quanbin Zhang,Huaide Liu,Jing Wang
Chronic diabetic wound healing remains challenging owing to impaired angiogenesis, persistent inflammation, and a high risk of infection. To address these limitations, we developed an injectable, pH-responsive hydrogel based on dynamic crosslinking between phenylboronic acid-grafted oxidized agarose (pOA) and alginate oligosaccharide-conjugated ε-polylysine (AE). This hydrogel exhibits antibacterial and antioxidant properties, enabling on-demand drug release triggered by the acidic microenvironment of chronic wounds. To enhance therapeutic efficacy, low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LF), a potent pro-angiogenic marine polysaccharide, was encapsulated within the hydrogel. Physicochemical characterizations confirmed that the hydrogel possesses excellent structural stability, injectability, and pH-responsive sustained release properties for LF and AE. Subsequently, In vitro tests showed that the AE&LF@pOA hydrogel effectively controlled infection with a 77.3% antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus and showed ROS scavenging activity. It also regulated the inflammatory response, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 by 53.8% and 64.4%, respectively while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1 by 2.8-fold and 1.0-fold. Moreover, the hydrogel stimulated neovascularization, leading to a 4.7-fold increase in VEGF expression and a 50% increase in CD-31 microvessel density. Animal studies confirmed that the dressing accelerated macroscopic healing. The hydrogel accelerated wound closure to 85.8% by day 7, 2.7-fold higher than controls, with the residual wound area shrinking to just 1.4% by day 14. Histological analysis further demonstrated complete re-epithelialization to 80.3 μm thickness, and mature collagen deposition. Overall, this responsive hydrogel offers a promising strategy for treating chronic diabetic wounds.
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Nano Energy
·
2026
·
IF 16.7
Yunlong Li,Mingming Liu,Guicui Song,Mengran Yu,Junhao Sang,Kun Li,Yongling Wu,Yange Feng
LF-PTFE combines laser-texturing and F-SiO₂ coating for superamphiphobicity. • The SL-TENG outputs 118 V and 33 μA under single DI water droplet impact. • It harvests energy and senses liquid type and ion concentration effectively. • 1D-CNN classification exceeds 97.71%, with anti-icing and de-icing capability. Solid–liquid hybrid triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted considerable attention due to their great potential in sustainable energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. However, their practical applications are still restricted by insufficient output performance, poor durability, and limited environmental adaptability. In this work, we propose a high-performance solid-liquid hybrid TENG based on laser-textured and fluorinated polytetrafluoroethylene (LF-PTFE). By constructing a low-surface-energy F-SiO₂ superamphiphobic interface with hierarchical micro/nanostructures, the surface wettability and droplet-driven electrical output are significantly improved. The fabricated LF-PTFE surface exhibits water and oil contact angles exceeding 150°, achieving excellent superamphiphobic properties. Under the impact of a single deionized water droplet, the device delivers a peak open-circuit voltage of 118 V and a short-circuit current of 33 μA, nearly three times higher than those of pristine PTFE, and maintains stable output even under continuous droplet impacts. The effects of external parameters such as droplet frequency, impact height, incidence angle, dielectric thickness, and landing position on electrical performance are systematically investigated. The device not only efficiently harvests energy to charge capacitors but also functions as a self-powered sensor for liquid type identification and ionic concentration detection. Moreover, the excellent anti-icing and photothermal de-icing properties of the LF-PTFE surface ensure superior operational stability in extreme environments. Furthermore, by integrating the triboelectric signals with a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) and developing a droplet detection program, high-precision self-powered liquid classification was achieved. This study provides a systematic strategy for the design of multifunctional solid-liquid hybrid TENGs, laying a solid foundation for their application in liquid detection. Download: Download high-res image (192KB) Download: Download full-size image Solid–liquid hybrid TENGs based on laser-textured and fluorinated PTFE were developed for high-performance energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. The LF-PTFE surface with hierarchical F-SiO₂ superamphiphobic structures exhibited water/oil contact angles above 150°, enhanced charge transfer, and delivered 118 V and 33 μA under droplet impact. The device showed stable output, anti-icing/de-icing capability, and enabled liquid classification and ionic concentration detection.
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JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE
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2019
·Vol. 56
·期 2
·1027-1036
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IF 1.85
Yang Shuang,Liu Jingsheng,Zheng Mingzhu,Zhao Chengbin,Cao Yong,Dong Yanjiao,Yaqoob Sanabil,Xiao Yu,Xu Xiuying
Cordyceps militaris ( C. militaris ) was utilized to ferment cornmeal by solid state fermentation. The main objective of this study was to investigate effect of fermentation on the dynamic state of water and microstructure distribution of water within cornmeal with Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, as well as the effect on composition and microstructure properties. The spin–spin relaxation time (T 2 ) showed significant changes in solid-state fermented cornmeal. Principal component analysis further revealed that the variations within different fermentation stage could be discriminated by the T 2 parameters. Bulk water (T 22 ) was the main form of water present and lost in substrates. The weights of different indicators, as assessed by multiple regression analysis, demonstrated that there was a strong correlation between starch and T 2 relaxation. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that fermentation can cause the appearance of micropores. The longer relaxation time of T 22 during logarithmic period can be interpreted as a loosening of the structure at the starch hydrolysis, introducing more water into the structure. Thus, the differences in composition and structure of the substrate at different fermentation time produce different T 2 values.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
微生物学
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Food Bioscience
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Fengli Lian,Jun-Hu Cheng,Ji Ma,Da-Wen Sun
The effects of combining roasting and steam cooking at 200 °C for various cooking times (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min) on water status and distribution and the microstructure and physicochemical properties of pork patties were analyzed with low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging analyses, as compared with roasting alone. The findings demonstrated that the addition of steam can alleviate the denaturation of protein and reduce the mobility of water molecules. Roasting-steam cooking (RS) had no negative effect on the TBARS value and surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the RS treatment has a higher moisture content, WHC and texture than roasting cooking. Proton density maps displayed a gradual decrease in water intensity, suggesting the gradual expelling of inside water to the surface as drip loss. Therefore, the findings revealed that water status evolution during RS significantly changed the microstructure and protein structure of the meat.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2026
·
IF 10.6
Yan Li,Ruiying Wu,Zhenglin Xia,Zhinan Jiang,Haitao Wu,Chen Lin,Jiaqing Chen,Fei Li
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) are typical brominated flame retardants (BFRs) with environmental persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and high toxicity, posing serious threats to ecosystems and human health. In this study, a novel fungal strain, Penicillium crocicola LF-2022 ( P. crocicola LF-2022), was identified, exhibiting excellent biodegradation capabilities toward both BFRs. Within six days, the strain achieved maximum degradation rates of 81.1% for TBBPA and 97.7% for BDE-209. The strain degraded both pollutants via intracellular and extracellular pathways, with cytochrome P450 enzymes playing a key role. Degradation pathway analysis revealed that TBBPA was degraded through reductive debromination and isopropylidene bridge cleavage, whereas BDE-209 underwent sequential debromination, ether bond cleavage, and ring-opening reactions, ultimately leading toward mineralization. In soil remediation experiments, P. crocicola LF-2022 effectively degraded TBBPA and BDE-209 even under non-sterile conditions, achieving approximately 55.3% and 82.9% degradation, respectively, demonstrating strong contaminant detoxification capability. Seed toxicity evaluation confirmed the detoxification efficacy of the fungal treatment. After remediation, wheat seedling root and shoot lengths increased markedly compared with untreated controls. Moreover, malondialdehyde content in plant tissues decreased significantly, while superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities recovered to near-control levels, indicating substantial BFR detoxification. Transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct degradation strategies: TBBPA stress upregulated genes related to membrane integrity, ABC transporters, CYP450 monooxygenases, and antioxidant enzymes, whereas BDE-209 stress induced upregulation of secreted hydrolases, lipoxygenases, and cAMP/Ras signaling components. Collectively, this study provides a robust, stress-tolerant fungal strain for efficient BFR degradation and establishes a foundation for the bioremediation of BFR-contaminated sites under non-sterile conditions.
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MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
·
2026
·Vol. 59
·期 6
·303
·
IF 3.9
Yin Jianhao,Liao Jiaxin,Kong Xiangming
The composition, moisture distribution, and microstructural evolutions of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C–S–H) in synthetic C–S–H (SynCSH) and hardened tricalcium silicate paste (HC 3 SP) during the first drying-resaturation (D-R) cycle were systematically compared using low-field 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The stoichiometric formulas of C–S–H in SynCSH and HC 3 SP were determined as C 0.9 SH 3.65 and C 2.0 SH 4.53 , respectively. Water contents of C–S–H quantified by TGA and LF-NMR exhibit good linear relationship. Three types of water, interlayer water, gel water and capillary water in C–S–H were identified by LF-NMR. Notable observations included the abnormal increase of interlayer water during the drying process and subsequent decrease during resaturation, along with irreversible decreases in capillary water and increases in gel water after D-R cycle, which were attributed to the rearrangement of C–S–H layered structures. SynCSH exhibited collapse of capillary pore structures following the D-R cycle, resulting in irreversible reductions in total water content. This finding confirms the validity of synthetic C–S–H as a model material for cementitious C–S–H research while highlighting its limitations in predicting the microstructural stability of real cement pastes under moisture cycling.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
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2025
·
IF 5.2
Chengping Deng,Teng He,Xingcai Yu,Haiyang He,Yuqiang Mao,Han Wang,Dianwen Liu
The wettability has an important effect on the floatability of carbon particles (low-rank coal and fly ash), including surface and pore wettability. The pore wettability of the porous carbon particles is a dynamic process and can further affect their surface wettability. In order to enhance the flotation performance of porous carbon particles, the roles of n-hexadecane on their pore wetting kinetics, chemical properties and surface hydrophobicity were studied by six classic flotation kinetic models, 1 H low-field nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H LF-NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle and flotation experiments. 1 H LF-NMR could accurately characterize the volume of pure water and n-hexadecane in the pores of the particles. The wetting processes of total pores in the particles wetted by pure water and n-hexadecane both fitted the first-order model with rectangular distribution. However, the pore wetting degree and rate of the particles in n-hexadecane at the same time were all smaller than those in pure water. A larger number of methyl and methylene contained in n-hexadecane could physically adsorbed to the particles by the van der Waals forces, resulting in an increase of surface hydrophobicity. Therefore, the good flotation performance of the porous particles was achieved by non-polar liquid n-hexadecane. This work attempts to provide a new inspiration for the efficient flotation of porous carbon particles.
研究领域:
矿物加工
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表面化学
·
煤浮选
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低场核磁共振
·
胶体与界面科学
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POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 5.134
Wencheng Xia,Yuqiang Mao,Guangyuan Xie,Yaoli Peng
The filling of pores by flotation-reagent-contained water plays an important role in porous mineral flotation . This paper studied the role of sodium oleate (NaOL, a commonly used flotation reagent) solution in the in-situ wetting process of pores of porous active carbon using 1 H LF-NMR, FTIR as well as contact angle measurements. The floatability of active carbon particles wetted by NaOL solutions was evaluated by particles-bubble attachment measurements. The pore wetting percentage decreased as the NaOL concentration increased. The variation trend in pore wetting percentage by NaOL solutions was from fast to slow. Increasing the NaOL concentration contributed to achieve a lower pore wetting percentage as well as rate. The NaOL solution with a high concentration significantly improved the hydrophobicity of the sample, which further prevents the pore wetting process.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 8.5
Lian Jiang,Yongli Tian,Haide Zhang,Shisheng Liu
The high temperature induces conformational changes in β-glucosidase, making it inactive and limiting its application field. In this paper, the effect of trehalose on the thermostability of β-glucosidase from low-moisture Hevea brasiliensis seeds was investigated. The results showed that the residual enzyme activities of β-glucosidase supplemented with trehalose after high-temperature treatment were significantly higher than that of the control group. The improvement of thermostability could be explained by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at the molecular level. Moreover, adding trehalose increased the water activity and water content of β-glucosidase, leading to a more stable conformation. Trehalose replaced some water and formed a stable network of hydrogen bonds with protein and surrounding water. The glass formed by trehalose also reduced molecular movement, thus providing good protection for enzymes.
研究领域:
酶学
·
生物化学
·
生物物理学
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Food Bioscience
·
2026
·
IF 6.2
Zixian Xia,Xiaoyan Guan,Rui Liu,Yeting Wu,Yingying Li,Mengmeng Liu,Yifeng Ding,Xiaohong Wang,Youyou Lu
Bifidobacterium faces major challenges in the gastrointestinal tract, including inactivation under acidic conditions and insufficient targeted release. In this study, three novel heterologous dual-protein complex systems were constructed by lactoferrin (LF) with α-lactalbumin (ALA), β-lactoglobulin (BLG), casein (CN). Subsequently, sodium alginate (SA) -cross-linked gel microcapsules loaded with these dual-protein complexes and B. animalis F1-7. The optimal preparation conditions for the dual-protein were as follows: ALA/LF = 1.5, 50 °C; BLG/LF = 2, 50 °C; CN/LF = 0.5, 25 °C. Incorporation of SA and endogenous emulsification method enabled efficient encapsulation of B . animalis F1-7, achieving encapsulation efficiency exceeding 90%. B. animalis F1-7@SA-(LF-ALA/BLG/CN) exhibited strong acid resistance, favorable intestinal responsiveness, and significantly improved microbial viability. The microcapsules enhanced gastric acid tolerance primarily through a spatial barrier effect, while the incorporation of dual-protein components contributed to matrix structural reinforcement and digestion-responsive release behavior. This integrated “physical protection-structural modulation” strategy also conferred excellent 28-day storage stability. In vitro experiments by mice/human feces, combined with 16S rRNA and metabolomics analysis, revealed that the composite microcapsules effectively regulated the structure of the microbial community and altered metabolite profiles (e.g. , pathways involved in nitrogen metabolism). Overall, this study provided reproducible preparation parameters and a theoretical basis for SA-based dual-protein composite encapsulation delivery systems, and offered a promising strategy to address the coordinated challenges of activity, controlled release, and storage stability of sensitive food bioactive microorganisms or nutrients.
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