POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2018
·Vol. 67
·期 5
·535-543
·
IF 2.352
Yang Hu,Lihui Wang,Jie Shen,Guoqiang Jiang,Chengyou Kan
Using styrene (St) and N , N ′-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) as raw materials, monodispersed P(St- co -DMAEMA) nanoparticles (NPs) were first prepared via semi-continuous emulsion polymerization, and using a stepwise acid–alkali post-treatment, porous P(St- co -DMAEMA) NPs were then obtained and used to adsorb heavy metal ions in aqueous phase. Results showed that the post-treatment conditions including temperature, initial pH and time of acid–alkali treatment had significant effects on the morphology of the porous P(St- co -DMAEMA) NPs, with higher temperature, more extreme pH condition and longer treatment time resulting in larger pores and volume swelling ratio. Under the optimized acid–alkali post-treatment conditions (60 °C, acid treatment at pH = 4.0 for 1 h and then alkali treatment at pH = 10.0 for 1 h), the obtained porous NPs had nearly 15 times the surface area and 1.5 times the amount of surface amino groups than the corresponding solid NPs. An analysis of the mechanism of metal ion adsorption on the porous NPs indicated that the adsorbed amount of metal ions was the result of synergistic effect of physical and chemical adsorption, which was closely related to the porous NP surface area, amount of surface of amino groups and the volume of the ions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
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高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2017
·Vol. 66
·期 11
·1598-1609
·
IF 2.07
Peikun Zhang,Yang Zhou,Hui Su,Hong Lin,Saiqi Tian,Yi Chen,Jun Yan,Yazhou He,Haojun Fan
Despite being extensively implemented in research, it remains challenging but highly desirable to develop ammonium polyphosphate (APP)-based polyurethane (PU) combining excellent flame retardancy and improved mechanical properties. Herein, hydroxyl-decorated APP (OH-APP) was successfully fabricated through a facile, green, yet efficient cation exchange reaction with N -methylethanolamine, and utilized as a multifunctional reinforcing agent for solvent-free two-component PU in the curing process. Results demonstrate that the conjugation of OH-APP imparts to the resultant cured PU samples (PU/OH-APP) enhanced fire safety and smoke suppression performance, as evidenced by the considerable decrease in peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate and total smoke production by 75.4, 30.1, 64.3 and 14.4% over those of pure PU. Furthermore, the tensile strength of PU/OH-APP is improved by 66.5%, while the ductility is well maintained, highlighting its promising potential in industrial applications. This work is aimed at opening a new avenue for the development of APP-based PU with outstanding performances through covalent anchoring approaches. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
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高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2016
·Vol. 66
·期 1
·98-107
·
IF 2.414
Fubin Luo,Kun Wu,Huilong Guo,Qiang Zhao,Mangeng Lu
Graphene oxide
(GO) is reduced and surface functionalized by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide simultaneously. This functional reduced graphene oxide (F-rGO) with better thermal stability can be used as a nano-filler to improve the flame retardancy, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of mesogenic epoxy (EO). Due to the presence of an oriented structure, EO is an intrinsic highly thermal conductive polymer compared with common polymer. After being filled with F-rGO, the ordered domains in the EO matrix are connected by F-rGO. As a result, the thermal conductivity coefficient of F-rGO/EO composite is increased by 30.8% compared with pure EO. The dynamic mechanical analysis results indicate that E ' of F-rGO/EO is 26.7% higher than that of EO. Because of the stable structure of F-rGO, F-rGO/EO is self-extinguishing. The total heat release of F-rGO/EO-15 is 24.1 kJ g −1 , which is 5.6 kJ g −1 lower than that of EO. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
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高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2017
·Vol. 66
·期 7
·1037-1043
·
IF 2.07
Guoping Li,Haoxue Dong,Menghui Liu,Min Xia,Chunpeng Chai,Yunjun Luo
The triblock energetic copolymer poly(lactic acid)- block -(glycidylazide polymer)- block -polystyrene (PLA- b -GAP- b -PS) was synthesized successfully through atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene and ring-opening polymerization of d,l -lactide. The energetic macroinitiator GAP-Br, which was made from reacting equimolar GAP with α -bromoisobutyryl bromide, firstly triggered the ATRP of styrene with its bromide group, and then the hydroxyl group on the GAP end of the resulting diblock copolymer participated in the polymerization of lactide in the presence of stannous octoate. The triblock copolymer PLA- b -GAP- b -PS had a narrow distribution of molecular weight. In the copolymer, the PS block was solvophilic in toluene and improved the stability of the structure, the PLA block was solvophobic in toluene and served as the sacrificial component for the preparation of porous materials, and GAP was the basic and energetic material. The three blocks of the copolymer were fundamentally thermodynamically immiscible, which led to the self-assembly of the block copolymer in solution. Further studies showed that the concentration and solubility of the copolymer and the polarity of the solvent affected the morphology and size of the micelles generated from the self-assembly of PLA- b -GAP- b -PS. The micelles generated in organic solvents at 10 mg mL −1 copolymer concentration were spherical but became irregular when water was used as a co-solvent. The spherical micelles self-assembled in toluene had three distinct layers, with the diameter of the micelles increasing from 60 to 250 nm as the concentration of the copolymer increased from 5 to 15 mg L −1 . © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
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高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2017
·Vol. 66
·期 7
·1094-1098
·
IF 2.07
Zhiqing Shi,Leishan Shao,Yuliang Zhang,Yu Guan,Fei Wang,Feifei Deng,Yawei Liu,Yinghan Wang
Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) with a well-defined polymer matrix were successfully fabricated by the thiol-ene click reaction based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and trimethylolpropanetris-(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMTP). UV−visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, SEM and polarized optical microscopy were employed to explore the PDLC films obtained. Electro-optical properties were studied with a UV−visible spectrophotometer. It was found that the PDLC films with optimal thiol content fabricated by the thiol-ene click reaction showed high transmittance, low driving voltage and a low memory effect. It was concluded that the driving voltage change of PDLCs with different thiol concentrations was caused by the polymerization rate and the structure of the polymer matrix. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
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高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2017
·Vol. 66
·期 12
·1891-1896
·
IF 2.07
Yongjie Zhang,Xiaopei Li,Shuwei Wang,Jing Xu,Huayi Li
Organo-modification of montmorillonite (MMT) is crucial for the promotion of a fine dispersion of MMT into an (often hydrophobic) polymer matrix. Ammonium-terminated polymers are more efficient in modifying clay compared to small organic cations such as alkyl ammoniums or side functionalized polymers. Herein, tri-amino end functional polyethylene (PE-3 N) with low molecular weight was first synthesized via an efficient and robust epoxide ring-opening reaction by treating epoxide-terminated PE with diethylenetriamine. The chemical structure of PE-3 N was unambitiously characterized by chromatographic and spectral methods. By reacting with excess HCl, PE-3 N was subsequently converted to tri-ammonium end functional polyethylene (PE-3 N + ), which serves as an intercalation agent of MMT. By adjusting the weight ratio of PE-3 N + to pristine MMT ( R P/M ) applied in the static melt intercalation process, correlations between the extent of exfoliation and R P/M were successfully established. XRD results revealed that complete exfoliation of MMT could be afforded with R P/M as low as 1, which is the lowest value ever reported for ammonium-terminated polymers applied as intercalation agents. SEM micrographs showed that MMT sheets were swollen by PE-3 N + , affirming the successful modification of MMT. The PE modified MMT obtained may find application in preparing high-performance PE/MMT nanocomposites. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
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高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2016
·Vol. 66
·期 6
·779-786
·
IF 2.414
Fubin Luo,Kun Wu,Hongyan Zhu,Xiaoya Li,Mangeng Lu
Two kinds of foam based on melamine − formaldehyde (MF) condensates (PVA/MF (PVA, polyvinyl alcohol), PVA/APTES/MF (APTES, 3-triethoxysilylpropylamine)) were prepared by chemical modification. Pure MF foam has the serious disadvantage that it is very hard and brittle, breaks easily and crumbles when handled. After modification, PVA/MF and PVA/APTES/MF display excellent resilience. The structures of the foams were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), SEM and XRD. XRD data indicate that modifiers hinder the crystallization of MF, which might contribute to the improvement of resilience. Flame retardancy of the foams was characterized by limiting oxygen index testing, and the thermal degradation behavior was studied using TGA. The mode of flame retardant action is suggested by gaseous and solid phase analysis. TGA-FTIR results demonstrate that the sublimation of the melamine of MF and foams based on MF occurs during thermal decomposition, which contributes to the high flame retardancy. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
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高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2017
·Vol. 67
·期 1
·78-84
·
IF 2.07
Zhe Sun,Haojun Fan,Yi Chen,Junjiang Huang
The effect of structural factors, including the type of diisocyanates and glycols, degree of crosslinking, hard-segment content, crystallinity and hydrophilic group content, on optical properties of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was investigated. Based on the relationship between structure and properties, a series of self-matting WPUs with excellent transmittance were synthesized. Results demonstrated that refractive index of constituent groups was an important factor to influence the optical properties of coatings. For multiphase polyurethane, aromatic ring, ester bond, NH COO and urea groups with high refractive index could decrease the matting effect and transmittance. Higher hard-segment content resulting in an increase of the number of NH COO or urea bonds also decreased the matting effect and transmittance. The aggregation structure of WPU was another factor to influence the optical properties of coatings. Crystalline soft and hard segment domains could decrease the transmittance and matting effect, whilst non-crystalline segments, pendent groups and crosslinking destroyed the regularity or crystallinity of macromolecules, behaving as an auxiliary function to improve the transmittance. The particle size of WPU was of great importance for the matting effect. Smaller particle size (<5.0 µm) would endow the coating with a smoother surface and higher reflected light ratio, and thus the expected matting effect was hard to be achieved. A larger particle size could improve the matting effect but impart to the coating a coarse surface and hand-feel. When the 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid content was 1.6 wt%, spherical particles with a size distribution of 7–8 µm were aggregated on the coating surface, giving the coating an excellent matting effect and hand-feel. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
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高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2017
·Vol. 66
·期 11
·1530-1537
·
IF 2.07
Xuewen Guo,Xin Liu,Hongying Su,Shaoyun Shan,Qingming Jia
Photoresists involving polymer solubility and degradation play a crucial role in the manufacture of integrated circuits by photolithography. Conventional photoresists typically rely on a single switching mechanism based on a change in either polarity or molecular weight of the polymer. Here we report a new type of poly(olefin sulfone) as a photoresist which overcomes the drawback of poor dry etching resistance, solubility and thermal degradation. The effects of different side-chain groups (acetyl, acetoxy and carboxylic acid) of norbornene on the properties of poly(norbornene sulfone)s were analyzed with the aim of developing a new type of photoresist. Thermogravimetry and gel permeation chromatography results revealed that bond breaking occurred at different temperatures, because of the different side-chain groups, and the three side-chain groups affect the solubility and stability of the poly(norbornene sulfone)s. A novel photoresist material based on a poly(olefin sulfone) with different side-chain groups was synthesized and its physical properties examined. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
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高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2017
·Vol. 66
·期 11
·1579-1586
·
IF 2.07
Lanxia Zhao,Xia Zhang,Xin Liu,Juan Li,Yuxia Luan
The synthesis, characterization and potential application in the doxorubicin (Dox) delivery system of a biodegradable polypeptide-based block copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol) 2000 -poly(ϵ-caprolactone) 6000 -poly(glutamic acid) 1000 (PEG 2000 -PCL 6000 -PGA 1000 ), was investigated. The copolymer was synthesized via ring-opening polymerization and characterized by 1 H NMR and Fourier transform IR. The synthesized copolymer could self-assemble into aggregates and the critical aggregation concentration was 0.23 mg mL −1 . Transmission electron microscopy indicated that spherical polymersomes formed with a desirable size about 180 nm. Therefore Dox was encapsulated into these polymersomes, and then we investigated its applications in a drug delivery system. These Dox-loaded polymersomes (PolyDox) were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and pH responsiveness measurements. In vitro drug release indicated that the release rate of drug from PolyDox was pH-responsive and significantly decreased. The drug pharmacokinetic parameters were improved in comparison to the group treated with free Dox, which proved the prolonged Dox release from PolyDox. A WST-1 assay indicated a low toxicity and good compatibility of copolymer to cells within 48 h. The results also showed that PolyDox appeared to induce a higher anti-tumor effect. Cell uptake results indicated that PolyDox displayed higher cellular uptake in A549 cells. Endocytosis inhibition results demonstrated that the internalization of PolyDox was mostly mediated by the fluid-phase endocytosis pathway. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
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高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2016
·Vol. 65
·期 10
·1172-1178
·
IF 2.414
Shuyan Yang,Wenjian Wu,Yuanqi Jiao,Hongbo Fan,Zhuodi Cai
The plasticizing and thermostabilizing effect of poly(ethylene glycol)–polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PEG-POSS) on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is discussed thoroughly in this work. As PEG-POSS content increases, PVC becomes more flexible and the decomposition temperature of PVC increases slightly. Meanwhile, the temperature of maximum HCl emission is elevated from 265.3 °C in neat PVC to 285.7 °C in PVC nanocomposites, with the peak intensity of HCl emission decreased by 30.8%, and a new lower intensity of HCl emission peak appearing at much higher temperature (around 370 °C), which is in accordance with the maximum degradation temperature of PEG-POSS. Thereby, a possible dehydrochlorination mechanism is suggested according to the fact that the electron donor effect of ether groups would stabilize the C Cl bonds by means of more electron cloud stacked in those bonds, which agrees with Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments in terms of hydrogen bonds. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
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高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2016
·Vol. 65
·期 10
·1150-1156
·
IF 2.414
Lu Shen,Ying Wang,Qiang Zhao,Fubin Luo,Junhua Chen,Mangeng Lu,Liyan Liang,Kun Wu,Jun Shi
The dimethacrylate reactive diluent (HEMA-DDSA), a long-side-chain-containing reactive diluent, was prepared by reacting 2-dodecen-1-ylsuccinic anhydride with two equivalents of hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Its structure was characterized by IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. This new diluent was added into the formulation of UV-curable epoxy acrylate networks. Results show that the formulation with the addition of HEMA-DDSA has massively reduced viscosity and shows several attractive properties of epoxy acrylate oligomers. The mechanical resistance of the films is dramatically enhanced with the incorporation of long alkyl groups derived from HEMA-DDSA, the plastic deformation zone expands, thus decreasing the inner stress of the polymer structure. Moreover, the cured coatings have a higher glass transition temperature as the percentage of HEMA-DDSA is increased up to 5 wt%. Due to the excellent integrated performance of the polymeric films, HEMA-DDSA proved to be an effective reactive diluent, which is of potential interest for applications in high performance materials. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
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高影响因子
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