JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2015
·Vol. 133
·期 1
·
IF 1.768
Yue Zhu,Xiang Gao,Yingwu Luo
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block copolymer is interesting because it is compatible with many polymers. A series of poly(methyl methacrylate)- b -poly( n -butyl acrylate) (PMMA- b -PnBA) diblock copolymers with various compositions was synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization with the amphiphilic oligo(methacrylic acid 41 - b -methyl methacrylate 8 ) RAFT agent as both the polymerization mediator and surfactant. The molecular weights of the block copolymers agreed well with the theoretical prediction, although the polydispersity indices were relatively broad. The resulting core [poly( n -butyl acrylate)]–shell (PMMA) particles of PMMA- b -PnBA were found to be very effective impact modifiers for polycarbonate (PC). The diblock copolymer was well dispersed in 100–300-nm particles in the PC matrix, and the dispersed particle size was highly dependent on the block copolymer compositions. PMMA 250 - b -PnBA 550 (the subscripted number signifies the designed degree of polymerization), which was dispersed into 100-nm particles, presented the best capability for improving the impacting properties. Compared with the neat PC, the notched impact strength of PC toughened by 5 wt % PMMA 250 - b -PnBA 550 was increased by four times to 62.81 kJ/m 2 with the same yield strength, a slightly decreased modulus, an increased elongation at break, and an increased tensile strength. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 132 , 42833.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
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EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Dongsheng Xie,Anjie Yang,Liangwei Li,Haitian Wei,Yameng Shi,Na Li,Xiang Gao
Photoresists are critical materials for patterning high-resolution features in semiconductor manufacturing. ArF photoresist polymers, which are predominantly multicomponent acrylate copolymers, cannot be synthesized via living anionic polymerization. Consequently, conventional free radical polymerization (FRP) remains the predominant method for their production. However, FRP struggles to meet the stringent requirements for high-performance photoresists, which demand well-defined molecular weights, narrow polydispersity ( Đ ), and excellent batch-to-batch consistency. Herein, we report a robust synthesis of ArF photoresist polymers by integrating continuous-flow technology with reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This process maintains high output quality stability and controllability, yielding polymers with well-defined molecular weights and narrow polydispersity ( Đ < 1.2). It achieves over 90 % conversion within 200 min and is applicable to microchannel systems with solids content exceeding 40 wt%, meeting commercially viable polymerization results. Furthermore, we introduce an efficient and green method for removing thiocarbonylthio end groups via aqueous hydrogen peroxide treatment under mild conditions. This approach prevents the degradation of thermal stability and lithographic sensitivity performance typically caused by residual RAFT terminal groups. The RAFT-derived, desulfurized photoresist produced patterns with significantly lower line-edge roughness than the FRP-based material, demonstrating superior lithographic performance. This end group removal strategy offers high throughput, excellent efficiency, and seamless compatibility with continuous-flow processes, highlighting its strong potential for industrial adoption.
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
材料科学
·
半导体技术
·
光刻技术
·
绿色化学
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POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2026
·Vol. 37
·期 6
·e70639
·
IF 3.8
Rui Wang,Xuanmin Zhu,Huanhuan Bai,Yanli Xiang,Qiang Ren,Chenyi Wang,Xu Meng
The work designed and synthesized a block copolymer emulsifier composed of hydrophilic segments (acrylic acid) and hydrophobic segments (methyl methacrylate) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Using this emulsifier as a stabilizer, polymer emulsions were successfully prepared through emulsion polymerization, forming stable latex particles. The emulsion was applied to cotton fabrics, forming a hydrophobic coating with micro-nano rough structures on their surfaces. Results showed that the static water contact angle of the treated fabrics significantly increased to over 110°, reaching 130°, demonstrating excellent water repellency. Furthermore, this system is entirely fluorine-free, avoiding environmental and health hazards associated with traditional fluorinated compounds. The covalent bonding of the RAFT emulsifier to the polymer chain effectively suppresses emulsifier migration, enhancing the durability and stability of the coating. This work provides a viable technical pathway for developing green, efficient, fluorine-free water-repellent finishing agents.
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TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
·
2016
·Vol. 153
·期 2
·303-315
·
IF 3.88
Fu Juanli,Shi Qiong,Song Xiufang,Liu Zixuan,Wang Yawen,Wang Yuxin,Song Erqun,Song Yang
Tetrachlorobenzoquinone (TCBQ) is a confirmed active metabolite of a well-known environmental pollutant pentachlorophenol (PCP). Unfortunately, there is insufficient knowledge present available on TCBQ’s toxicity. Our previous studies indicated that TCBQ induces inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro; however, its exact mechanism needs further investigation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in conveying of inflammatory signaling, whilst high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) functions as a transcription-enhancing nuclear protein that regulates inflammation. Indeed, this study demonstrated that TCBQ induces the secretion/translocation of HMGB1, which in turn activates its receptors, TLR family gene (especially TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) expressions. Consistently, the binding affinity of HMGB1 with its receptors also increased. In the case of HMGB1 or TLR4 deficiency, there were decreases in TCBQ-induced neuroinflammatory cytokine production and neuropathological changes, eg, neuronal loss, astrocyte and macrophage cells activation. Moreover, we found the mobilization of TLR4 into lipid rafts occurs in response to TCBQ exposure, lipid rafts disruptors weakened this effect, suggested lipid rafts play an essential role for TLR4-mediated signal transduction and target inflammatory cytokines expressions. In summary, our current findings revealed a previously unknown mechanism of TCBQ-induced neurological inflammation related to HMGB1-TLR4 signaling.
研究领域:
毒理学
·
神经科学
·
免疫学
·
环境健康
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PubMed
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2018
·
IF 2.829
Shaoling Bai,Yaqi Wang,Bin Liu,Yujie Zhu,Ruiwei Guo
Dispersion copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate (AMPSNa) in aqueous ammonium sulfate (AS) solution was performed without mechanical stirring using a macro-RAFT agent sodium poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate) trithiocarbonate (PAMPSNa-TTC) as the stabilizer and 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamide) dihydrochloride as the initiator. The effects of various polymerization parameters were systematically investigated regarding dispersion stability, particle size, molecular weight and apparent viscosity. A new mechanism for particle formation and the particle stability of aqueous dispersion polymerization was proposed.
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Nanoscale
·
2018
·Vol. 10
·期 21
·10277-10287
·
IF 7.233
Chun Tian,Jinyun Niu,Xuerui Wei,Yujie Xu,Lifen Zhang,Zhenping Cheng,Xiulin Zhu
The performance of functional polymer nanomaterials is a vigorously discussed topic in polymer science. We devoted ourselves to investigating polymer nanomaterials based on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and polymer prodrug in this study. Aza-boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) is an important organic dye, having characteristics such as environmental resistance, light resistance, high molar extinction coefficient, and fluorescence quantum yield. We incorporated it into our target monomer, which can be polymerized without changing its parent structure in a polar solvent and copolymerized with water-soluble monomer to improve the solubility of the dye in an aqueous solution. At the same time, the hydrophobic drug camptothecin (CPT) was designed as a prodrug monomer, and the polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) with NIR fluorescence imaging and prodrug were synthesized in situ in reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-mediated aqueous dispersion polymerization. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the final uniform size of the dual-functional polymeric NPs morphology. The dual-functional polymeric NPs had a strong absorption and emission signal in the NIR region (>650 nm) based on the fluorescence tests. In consideration of the long-term biological toxicity, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) results indicated that the dual-functional NPs with controlled drug content exhibited effective capability of killing HeLa cells. In addition, in vivo imaging of the dual-functional NPs was observed in real time, and the fluorescent signals clearly demonstrated the dynamic process of prodrug transfer.
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PubMed
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Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
·
2018
·
IF 3.849
Junyu Chen,Meiying Liu,Long Huang,Hongye Huang,Qing Wan,Jianwen Tian,Yuanqing Wen,Fengjie Deng,Xiaoyong Zhang,Yen Wei
Mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (MSNs) have gradually developed into the multi-functional platforms in biomedical fields for their properties of high specific surface areas, regular mesoporous structure, low toxicity, chemical inert and facile functionalization. MSNs based fluorescent nanoprobes have been extensively investigated previously and many effective methods have been devoted to simplify the fabrication process. In this work, the MSNs based fluorescent polymer composites were prepared by a facile and effective reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization with the assistance by visible light irradiation, which could conduct in the presence of oxygen without complicated deoxygenation steps. A series of characterization techniques were employed to determine the successful synthesis of our preconceived MSNs- co -poly(MPC–AcFl) composites. Besides, the bright green fluorescence was observed in live L929 cells through CLSM, and cell viability evaluation was revealed that these as prepared composites were nearly no damage to cells. Combined with all the above results, the as prepared MSNs- co -poly(MPC–AcFl) composites should promising fluorescent nanoprobes for biomedical applications. Owing to the good monomer adoptability, the photoinduced oxygen tolerance RAFT polymerization could also be expanded for surface modification and construction of multifunctional composites.
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POLYMER
·
2018
·
IF 3.483
Qijing Chen,Fei Han,Chao Lin,Xuejun Wen,Peng Zhao
The aim of this study is to synthesize well-defined bioreducible core crosslinked star (CCS) polymers via heterogeneous reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization in aqueous ethanol solutions. To this end, water-soluble linear arm polymers, poly (poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PPEGMA), poly (2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and poly ( N , N -dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA), were prepared respectively. Next, heterogenous RAFT polymerization of the polymers with N , N ′-bis(acryloyl)cystamine (BAC) as a crosslinker was systemically investigated in an aqueous ethanol solvent. It was found that these bioreducible CCS polymers with crosslinked BAC core could be prepared successfully depending on polymerization parameters. The formation of PPEGMA-based CCS polymers was affected by water volume fraction ( V w ) of water-ethanol solution, reaction time, arm polymer concentration, and spacing monomer . Besides, at an optimal V w of 80% ( i . e . the molar concentration of water is 44.44 M) and arm polymer concentration of 10% (w/v), PPEGMA-based CCS polymers at >90% yield could be achieved within 1 h. By the same V w and reaction time, PDMAEMA- and PDMA-based CCS polymers could also be prepared with high yield (>75%). The mechanism underlying the formation of the CCS polymers was ascribed to enhanced driving force of polymerization-induced self-assembly at an optimal V w . These CCS polymers were degradable in thiol-containing dithiothreitol, suggesting their potential application for drug release in a reductive intracellular environment.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2017
·
IF 6.216
Junyu Chen,Meiying Liu,Qiang Huang,Long Huang,Hongye Huang,Fengjie Deng,Yuanqing Wen,Jianwen Tian,Xiaoyong Zhang,Yen Wei
Nanodiamond (ND)-based fluorescent probes have been extensively researched in cell imaging applications. Several outstanding properties of fluorescent NDs (FNDs), such as their excellent biocompatibility, intensive fluorescence and chemical stability in organisms, have made them the most promising carbon materials in biomedicine. However, the production of FNDs with nitrogen-vacancy defect centers was rather complicated and costly, which limited their wide application in the biomedical field. Moreover, the particle size of these types of FNDs was much larger than that of NDs produced by the detonation method; thus, it is difficult for them to penetrate the cell membrane. In this present work, a facile and ultrafast photo-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was introduced for the fabrication of FND-based polymer composites. The photo-initiated RAFT polymerization is time saving, environmentally friendly and highly efficient. To prepare these FNDs, fluorescein was converted into diacryloyl fluorescein (AcFl), which was used not only as the photocatalyst but also a fluorescent comonomer. The functional monomer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) was introduced to improve the water dispersibility of the FNDs. The successful fabrication of FNDs-polyMPC composites was proven by a series of characterization methods. These FNDs-polyMPC composites show high water dispersibility, strong fluorescence and low toxicity. The cell uptake behavior suggested that FNDs-polyMPC composites can be facilely internalized by cells. Taken together, FNDs-polyMPC composites can be fabricated by a photo-initiated RAFT polymerization. These FNDs-polyMPC composites possess excellent physicochemical and biological properties and are promising candidates for cell imaging applications.
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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2023
·
IF 4.1
Hao Chi,Sheng Tian,Xiu Li,Yuchu Chen,Qiumin Xu,Qixiao Wang,Wenwan Shi,Michael Adu-Frimpong,Shanshan Tong
In order to improve the separation process of affinity chromatography that has silica as the main carrier material, we sought to construct Lipid [email protected] 4B affinity chromatography model. We extracted the lipid rafts from U251 cells with a descaler method and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Afterwards, it was discovered via immunofluorescence that the lipid rafts contain a large amount of tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) protein. Also, agarose powder in the lyophilised state was pretreated, before the lipid rafts were coupled to the agarose gel in a coupling buffer of alkaline pH. CNBr-Sepharose 4B affinity gel packing was characterised using UV spectrophotometric, immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopic techniques, wherein and the results showed that the lipid rafts were successfully coupled to the agarose gels. Three compounds were used to verify the specific sorption of Sepharose 4B and CNBr-Sepharose 4B, which showed no specific sorption on the materials. Of note, the prepared Lipid [email protected] 4B agarose gels packed with TrkA-rich target proteins could be successfully validated for the active drug gefitinib with high affinity sorption efficiency and eluted with good recovery and reproducibility. This study broadens the range of affinity chromatography carrier materials and provides a reference for research in active drug screening.
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PubMed
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POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 5.64
Yu Xing,Qian Li,Xiaoyi Chen,Miao Li,Shujing Wang,Yan Li,Tianyu Wang,Xitong Sun,Xianzhen Li
A series of polymer brushes were formed on the surface of mesoporous silica microspheres by copolymerizing 1-vinyl imidazole and acrylic acid through reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, with pI-switchable property and high grafting groups content. The resulting materials (SiO 2 @poly(VI- co -AA)) were then applied for removing Ni(II) from aqueous solution with a fast adsorption rate, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 62.81 mg/g. Significantly, the removal rate of 30 mg/L of Ni(II) could reach up to 99.40%, and the adsorbent also exhibited a good reusability, with the desorption efficiency of over 99%. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism was supposed to be electrostatic interaction and complexation characterized by Zeta potentials and XPS . It implied that the SiO 2 @poly(VI- co -AA) microspheres could be considered as a potential adsorbent for removing Ni(II) from wastewater, and was expected to expand its application to remove other heavy metals and dyes.
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Journal of Flow Chemistry
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 4
·867-875
·
IF 2.786
Liu Weiwei,Li Qian,Zhang Yin,Liu Tengfei,Wang Li,Li Huayi,Hu Youliang
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride was successfully performed in continuous-flow microreactor. Results of the structural characterization showed that the obtained styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymers possessed controlled molecular weight, low dispersity and alternating structures. Subsequently, effects of the polymerization conditions, including reaction pressure, temperature, feed flowrate and tube length, on the polymerization kinetics and molecular structure of the SMA copolymers were investigated in detail. It was found that the reaction rate was increased as the reaction temperature increased within certain limits, as well as the feed flowrate due to the increased mass and heat transfer efficiency. Besides, first-order kinetics of the polymerization was observed when the reaction times were adjusted by only changing the tube length. Good stability was exhibited when the reaction conducted continuously for 10 h. This approach can reduce the reaction time significantly from several hours to about half an hour.
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）