Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
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2022
·Vol. 8
·期 3
·1257-1268
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IF 3.068
Geng Xiao,Ru Juan-jian,Hua Yi-xin,Zhang Wen-wen
The recovery of lead from spent lead acid battery paste (SLP) is not only related to the sustainable development of the lead industry, but also to the sustainable evolution environment. An innovative process is proposed for the recovery of high purity metallic lead from spent lead acid battery paste (SLP) by electrodeposition at 333–353 K in choline chloride-urea deep eutectic solvent (ChCl-urea DES). The electrochemical behavior of SLP on low carbon steel (LCS) electrode has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurement. Results imply that Pb(IV) could be reduced preferentially to Pb(II) by ChCl-urea DES, which possesses a strong reducibility. Then the reduction of Pb(II) is a diffusion-controlled quasi-reversible process and the diffusion coefficient increases gradually from 2.70 × 10 –8 cm 2 /s at 333 K to 6.79 × 10 –8 cm 2 /s at 353 K. The initial nucleation stage of lead on LCS electrode is a three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation process. In addition, the effects of temperature on the current efficiency and specific energy consumption during the recovery of lead have been discussed at 2.5 V for 1 h. The current efficiency is about 90.73% and the specific energy consumption is as low as 712.83 kW h/t at 353 K. Rod-shaped and fern-like lead powders can be obtained with a face-centered cubic structure and the predominately oriented crystallite varies from (200) at 333 K to (111) plane at 343 K and 353 K. This new system can efficiently shorten the production flow, lower the requirement for equipment, and avoiding emission of lead effluent and harmful gases. This article provides a green extraction method of lead and a theoretical guidance for the electrochemical extraction of valuable metals from spent battery materials in close neutral electrolyte. Graphical Abstract
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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电化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 5.107
Tianzu Yang,Boyi Xie,Weifeng Liu,Duchao Zhang,Lin Chen
Spent lead paste, an important secondary resource, calls for recycling at the request of both environmental protection and the sustainable development of lead industry. An environment-friendly process to recover lead from spent lead paste was proposed. The impurities Sb, Ca, Fe and Cu in spent lead paste were firstly removed by H 2 SO 4 at the leaching rate of 92.22%, 86.43%, 87.89% and 94.04%, respectively. And then, 99.9% of PbO 2 in spent lead paste was reduced to PbO by the hydrothermal reduction process with glucose as the reductant. In the process of hydrothermal desulfurization by NaOH, 99.46% of S in the reduced lead paste was removed and then the lead paste was converted into a single phase of 3PbO·H 2 O. Finally, metallic lead, with a purity of 99.978%, was obtained from the single-phase lead paste by a low-temperature reduction smelting process with starch as the reductant under the conditions of Na 2 O/B 2 O 3 = 1/2, PbO/B 2 O 3 = 5/1, starch/PbO = 1/7.5, smelting temperature 700 °C, and smelting duration 90 min, and the lead recovery is high up to 95.53%. Compared with the traditional lead smelting technology, the smelting temperature was reduced from 1200 °C to 700 °C, helping greatly reduce the energy consumption. The process proposed in this paper guides a new development direction for the utilization of spent lead paste.
研究领域:
冶金工程
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2022
·Vol. 10
·期 10
·5430-5441
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IF 14.511
Huaijie Shi,Ge Feng,Suiqin Li,Jia Liu,Xinying Yang,Ye Li,Ye Lu,Xing Zhong,Shibin Wang,Jianguo Wang
An alternative method for producing ozone, electrochemical ozone production (EOP) is a major area of interest in the field of in situ sterilization and disinfection. However, commercial lead dioxide as a traditional anodic electrocatalyst is highly toxic and has low durability, and exploring anodic electrocatalysts with lower lead content and performance loss is challenging. Herein, a series of pyramidal sillenite-type Bi12PbO20 materials were designed and fabricated with a hydrothermal method in which Pb was introduced to Bi2O3 frameworks. The product, Bi12PbO20-3, exhibited remarkable EOP performance, with faradaic efficiency of 15.1% at 50 mA cm−2 in a neutral solution, which was almost 1.5 times that of commercial β-PbO2. Computational simulations further demonstrated that the confined [Pb–O4] fragment was confined in the Bi–O bonding environment of Bi12PbO20, the low oxygen vacancy formation energy resulted from the weak Pb–O interaction and remarkably enhanced EOP activity. Such a local confined environment plays a vital role in suppressing Pb loss, thereby accounting for the robust EOP stability. Additionally, the significant performance of the membrane electrode assembly system in the electrochemical degradation of antibiotics and pesticides implied the potential environmental application capabilities of Bi12PbO20.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Liang Cao,Jiajia Wang,Feifan Hu,Huihui Liu,Jian Guo,Haoran Yu,Mingyuan Yan,Ji Zhang,Feifei Wang,Yiping Wang,Shan-Tao Zhang
In this work, based on the lanthanide rare earth Sm3+ doped 0.2Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-(0.8-x)PbZrO3-xPbTiO3:0.015Sm ceramics with a rhombohedral-tetragonal morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) around x = 0.40, we gradually introduced alkaline earth Ba2+ and Sr2+ at the A-site to substitute Pb2+, namely, 0.2A(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.4AZrO3-0.4ATiO3:0.015Sm (A = Pb0.99-yBa0.01Sry) and conducted a systematic study on their phase structure, domain configuration, and electrical properties. The results indicate that without alkaline earth substituting, the MPB composition shows peak electrical property with piezoelectric coefficient d33 = 477 pC/N and electromechanical coupling factor kp = 0.59, while an appropriate amount of alkaline earth substituting changes the MPB from rhombohedral–tetragonal coexisting phases to rhombohedral–monoclinic–tetragonal coexisting phases, leading to a significant enhancement in electrical properties with d33 = 687 pC/N and kp = 0.63 around y = 0.03 for comparison. This work classifies the mechanism for alkaline earth substituting enhanced piezoelectric performance and may provide a guide for the development of high-performance lead-based relaxor ferroelectrics.
研究领域:
材料科学
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陶瓷材料
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铁电材料
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固态物理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
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2025
·Vol. 27
·期 10
·5109-5116
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IF 2.9
Zheng Zou,Zijie Xiao,Wenxin Dong,Wei Dang,Shusheng Pan,Xiaojun Su,Wei Zhang
As one of the commonly used methods for surface passivation of semiconductors, a heterostructure method was developed in this work to passivate surface traps of CsPbBr3 single crystals (SCs), and further, this method was correlated with carrier recombination processes. Herein, carrier recombination processes in bare and [MAPbCl3]0.34[CsPbBr3]0.66-covered CsPbBr3 SCs were studied using time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, including steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy and time-resolved microwave photoconductivity (TRMC). By comparing the kinetics of TRPL and TRMC, we concluded that surface hole-trapping process dominates the TRPL kinetics of bare CsPbBr3 SCs and surface electron-trapping process dominates the slower decay component in TRMC. By studying carrier recombination processes of CsPbBr3 SCs with and without choline bromide (CB) additives, we found that the use of CB could introduce additional surface electron and hole traps. For CsPbBr3 SCs with a shell, we observed charge carrier transfer from the shell to the CsPbBr3 crystal. We found that the [MAPbCl3]0.34[CsPbBr3]0.66 shell can reduce the electron-trapping and hole-trapping rates by 2.2 times and 5.2 times, respectively, indicating that the [MAPbCl3]0.34[CsPbBr3]0.66 shell can passivate the surface traps of CsPbBr3 crystals effectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光物理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Nano
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2023
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IF 17.1
Jun Pan,Kaidi Yuan,Xin Mi,Yuan Lu,Yi Yu,Jian Yang,Shixue Dou,Peng Qin
The integrated photoelectric battery serves as a compact and energy-efficient form for direct conversion and storage of solar energy compared to the traditional isolated PV-battery systems. However, combining efficient light harvesting and electrochemical energy storage into a single material is a great challenge. Here, a bifunctional lead phytate–cesium lead bromide (PbPA-CsPbBr3) cathode is explored for the solid-state batteries in terms of CsPbBr3 in situ grown on the PbPA framework. Specifically, CsPbBr3 nanocrystals generate electron–hole pairs under sunlight, the holes contribute to the lithium desorption of the discharged PbPA, and the electrons participate in the formation of the cathode interfacial film through oxygen reduction. The obtained solid-state photoelectric lithium-metal battery achieved a photoconversion efficiency of 0.72%, outperforming other systems under the same lighting conditions. The reasonable cathode design and its application in integrated solid-state batteries provide an efficient way for solar energy utilization.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
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光化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2018
·Vol. 8
·期 53
·30530-30538
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IF 2.936
Wei Han,Wenjuan Wang,Yongchang Dong,Mei Li,Xiaoguang Yang,Milin Zhang
The electrode reaction of Pb(II) and co-reduction of Li(I) and Pb(II) were investigated on a tungsten electrode in LiCl–KCl eutectic melts by a range of electrochemical techniques. From cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry measurements, the reduction of Pb(II) was found to be a one-step diffusion-controlled reversible process with the exchange of 2 electrons. The diffusion coefficients of Pb(II) were computed, and they obey the Arrhenius law. Using the linear polarization technique, the kinetic parameters, such as exchange current intensity (j0), standard rate constant (k0) and charge transfer resistance (Rct) for the Pb(II)/Pb(0) couple on a tungsten electrode were studied at different temperatures, and the activation energy is 27.32 kJ mol−1, smaller than the one for diffusion of Pb(II), which further confirmed that the reduction of Pb(II) was controlled by diffusion. A depolarisation effect for Li(I) reduction was observed from the results of cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and chronopotentiometry due to the formation of Li–Pb alloys by co-reduction of Li(I) and Pb(II). Furthermore, five Li–Pb intermetallic compounds, LiPb, Li8Pb3, Li3Pb, Li10Pb3 and Li17Pb4 characterized by scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction, were selectively prepared by potentiostatic electrolysis on a tungsten electrode and galvanostatic electrolysis on a liquid Pb electrode, respectively.
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOM
·
2019
·Vol. 72
·期 9
·3186-3194
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IF 2.305
Li Yun,Yang Shenghai,Taskinen Pekka,He Jing,Chen Yongming,Tang Chaobo,Jokilaakso Ari
This study proposed a cleaner pyrometallurgical lead-acid battery (LAB) recycling method for lead extraction and sulfur conservation without an excessive amount of SO 2 generation. A reducing atmosphere was introduced to the lead paste recycling system to selectively reduce PbSO 4 to PbS. At the same time, PbO and PbO 2 components contained in the lead paste were also reduced to metallic Pb. Then, the intermediate PbS further reacted with a sulfur-fixing agent, typically Fe 3 O 4 , to generate PbO and FeS. Sulfur was transformed from PbSO 4 to PbS and finally conserved as FeS. Thus, SO 2 emissions and pollution were significantly eliminated. This work investigated the thermodynamic and experimental feasibility and phase conversion mechanism of this proposed method, the detailed lead extraction and sulfur fixing mechanisms were clarified, and the phase transformation and microstructural evolution processes were characterized. Additionally, a bench experiment of industrial, end-of-life LAB paste was conducted to detect the lead recovery and sulfur fixation efficiency.
研究领域:
环境科学
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冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
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2022
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IF 8.907
Fei Yang,Huan Zhou,Jie Hu,Shuai Ji,Changgan Lai,Helin Wang,Jian Sun,Lixu Lei
During deep charge-discharge cycling of lead-acid batteries, the compact PbSO 4 layer on the negative electrode surface blocks the ion transport channels, limiting the mass transfer process. In this study, to enhance the electrochemical characteristics of lead-acid batteries, thorn-like and dendrite PbSO 4 with a high aspect ratio were prepared and used as negative electrode material. During the formation process, thorn-like and dendrite PbSO 4 increased the pore diameter and the total pore volume of the negative electrode. For the charge-discharge process, this provided enhanced ion transport channels, which improved the utilization rate of the negative active material (NAM) and rate performance of batteries. Under a current density of 100 mA g −1 and 100% depth of discharge (DOD), the specific discharge capacity of thorn-like and dendrite PbSO 4 batteries reached 110 mAh g −1 , and the batteries still maintained >70% of the maximum specific capacity after 1200 cycles. When the capacity decayed to 80% of the maximum specific capacity, the cycle life of thorn-like and dendrite PbSO 4 batteries was 64% higher than that of the nearly spherical PbSO 4 batteries. Owing to the thorn-like and dendrite PbSO 4 significantly changing the pore structure of the electrode and enhancing the mass transfer process, the irreversible sulfation of the negative electrode was inhibited, and the cycle life of the lead-acid battery effectively extended.
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
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电池技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 5.7
Jie Yang,Keran Zhu,Xiaoxi Chen,Feifei Tian,Chengyu Han,Zhikun Liang,Kaixuan Xiao,Ruixue Hao,Meng Liu,Xiangyu Zhou,Xueqin Wan,Qinglin Liu,Fan Zhang
Urban soil lead (Pb) pollution poses a pressing threat to ecosystems and public health. Phytoremediation has emerged as an effective solution to address this issue. Poplars are widely employed in urban greening owing to their fast growth and high biomass, rendering them prime candidates for Pb remediation. However, their innate remediation capacity remains constrained, therefore, it needs to further enhance by genetic improvement. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) has identified that PscCYP716A1 , a gene involved in brassinosteroid (BR) synthesis, is upregulated under Pb stress, indicating a potential role in Pb tolerance. This prompted a research question: Can PscCYP716A1 improve poplar's Pb tolerance? In this study, we obtained PscCYP716A1 -overexpression poplars (OE lines, OE-13 and OE-42) and RNA interference PscCYP716A1 -expression poplars (RNAi lines, RI-33 and RI-23). The overexpression poplars significantly enhanced Pb tolerance, and increased Pb accumulation compared to wild-type (WT). Further analysis revealed that PscCYP716A1 enhances Pb tolerance by improving the antioxidant system and Pb chelation. However, when exogenous brassinazole (BR biosynthesis inhibitor, BRZ) was sprayed on poplar under Pb stress, all advantages of OE lines disappeared. According to the results of analysis, the improvement of antioxidant and chelation capacities conferred by PscCYP716A1 may be related to its participation in the BR synthesis pathway. In summary, our results revealed the physiological mechanism and detoxification processes facilitated by PscCYP716A1 , and underscored its potential as a genetic tool for enhancing phytoremediation in Pb-contaminated urban environments. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the application of engineered poplars in remediating soil Pb pollution.
研究领域:
植物生理学
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环境修复
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分子生物学
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重金属毒理学
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植物遗传工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2014
·Vol. 22
·期 7
·5563-5571
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IF 2.757
Li Yu-jiao,Hu Peng-jie,Zhao Jie,Dong Chang-xun
Composite washing of cadmium (Cd)- and lead (Pb)-contaminated agricultural soil from Hunan province in China using mixtures of chlorides (FeCl 3 , CaCl 2 ) and citric acid (CA) was investigated. The concentrations of composite washing agents for metal removal were optimized. Sequential extraction was conducted to study the changes in metal fractions after soil washing. The removal of two metals at optimum concentration was reached. Using FeCl 3 mixed with CA, 44 % of Cd and 23 % of Pb were removed, and 49 and 32 % by CaCl 2 mixed with CA, respectively. The mechanism of composite washing was postulated. A mixture of chlorides and CA enhanced metal extraction from soil through the formation of metal–chloride and metal–citrate complexes. CA in extract solutions promoted the formation of metal–chloride complexes and reduced the solution pH. Composite washing reduced Cd and Pb in Fe–Mn oxide forms significantly. Chlorides and CA exerted a synergistic effect on metal extraction during composite washing.
研究领域:
环境科学
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土壤修复
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOM
·
2022
·Vol. 75
·期 5
·1515-1529
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IF 2.597
Ge Yang,Liu Zhihong,Yu Zhiqian,Wang Huanwen,Lu Xingwu,Zhang Leru,Xia Longgong
The present study focused on the Cu-Pb system and investigating the distribution behaviors of various minor elements through the equilibration-quenching-EPMA analysis experimental technique. Obtained results showed that: (1) An intermetallic compound consisting mainly of Cu-Pb-Se-Te formed below 956°C. (2) As, Sb and Sn had similar distribution behaviors, which mainly entered the solid Cu phase at the temperature range of 500–900°C, but became concentrated in the liquid alloy phase at temperature range of 900–1060°C, and their distribution ratios increased along with increasing temperature. (3) Bi was mainly found in the liquid alloy phase, and its distribution ratio ranged from 6.8 to 836.5 at the experimental conditions. (4) Se and Te formed an intermetallic alloy phase under 900°C, and they enriched in the liquid alloy phase between 960°C and 1060°C. (5) Au was mainly found in the solid Cu phase at the temperature range of 500–900°C, and its distribution ratio was about 1.5 at 900–1060°C. The distribution ratio of Ag decreased from 8.7 to 2.3 when increasing the temperature from 500°C to 1060°C. Distribution behavior of As, Sb, Bi and Sn is consistent with their interfacial enthalpies with Cu and Pb.
研究领域:
冶金学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）