POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B
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2023
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IF 1.2
Zhonglin Cao,Xiaoling Zuo
Abstract To increase the range of applications of bio-based polymer materials by attributing them self-healing ability is an efficacious way. It is an effective method to use Diels-Alder reaction for self-healing. However, self-healing materials synthesized by multifunctional monomers with Diels-Alder groups possess a low use temperature due to reversibility of DA bonds. In this study, the branched poly(furfuryl methacrylate) was synthesized from furfuryl alcohol, which is a biobased raw material prepared from crops. Using poly(furfuryl methacrylate) and bismaleimide, biobased self-healing polymeric materials were synthesized successfully based on the Diels-Alder reversible reaction. The Diels-Alder direct and reverse reactions occurred upon heating, resulting in self-healing of cracks on the polymer coatings. The thermal stability and use temperature of materials were also improved. All results demonstrated that synthesized materials possessed the characteristics of thermo-reversibility and self-healing and held great potential for self-healing coating applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
生物技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2014
·Vol. 2
·期 48
·20642-20649
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IF 0
Jinhui Li,Guoping Zhang,Libo Deng,Songfang Zhao,Yongju Gao,Kun Jiang,Rong Sun,Chingping Wong
Covalently bonded graphene oxide/polyurethane (GO/PU) composites with significant reinforcement and thermally healable properties were developed via in situ polymerization based on Diels–Alder (DA) chemistry. The PU prepolymer was prepared with GO, 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and poly(tetramethylene glycol) and blocked by using furfuryl alcohol firstly. Then the prepolymer was cross-linked by using bifunctional maleimide via DA chemistry. SEM shows that the GO was dispersed uniformly in the PU matrix. The DA and retro-DA reactions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry separately. Tensile tests showed that with the incorporation of 0.1 wt% of GO, the tensile modulus of GO/PU composites increased from 9.80 MPa to 21.95 MPa, and the tensile strength and elongation at break of the GO/PU composites increased by more than 367% and 210%, respectively. Furthermore, the composites had thermally healable ability which was inspected by using an atomic force microscope and the strain–stress test. The healing efficiency of 78% on average was achieved which was determined by the recovery of breaking stress and a healing mechanism was tentatively proposed. Therefore, the covalently bonded self-healing GO/PU composites could be used as smart materials and structural materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2017
·
IF 2.843
Xiaobin Shen,Xiaoqing Liu,Jinggang Wang,Jinyue Dai,Jin Zhu
A bio-based epoxy 2,5-bis[(2-oxiranylmethoxy)methyl]-furan (BOF) has been synthesized from 2,5-furandimethanol and toughened by its Diels–Alder (DA) reaction adduct DA-BOF, which contained a flexible pendant chain. The chemical structures of the synthesized monomers were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR). The thermal reversibility of DA-BOF was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. On the basis of the UV–vis results, the degree of retro Diels–Alder reaction was determined to be 25–27% in different cured systems. The study of the mechanical properties indicated that when the content of DA-BOF reached 50%, an 85% increase in impact strength could be obtained without seriously sacrificing its tensile strength or modulus. The strategy described in this work could help us to achieve a bio-based epoxy resin with increased impact strength and nearly unaffected tensile properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
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有机化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 28
·17990-18003
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IF 4.036
Wenguang Yu,Xuefeng Gao,Zhicheng Yuan,Haihui Liu,Xuechen Wang,Xingxiang Zhang
The widespread use of graphene as a next-generation material in various applications requires developing an environmentally friendly and efficient method for fabricating functionalized graphene. Chemically, graphene can be used as an electron donor or attractor. Here, graphite was successfully exfoliated, and an in situ Diels–Alder reaction (D–A) was carried out to fabricate functionalized graphene with sole functional groups via mechanochemical ball milling. The reactivities of graphene acting as a diene or a dienophile were investigated. Few-layer (≤2 layers) graphene specimens were obtained by wet ball milling, heating in a nitrogen atmosphere, and solvent ultrasonic treatment. The ball-milling method was more effective than heating in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the [2 + 4] D–A of graphene was more dominant than the [4 + 2] D–A in the ball-milling process. The surface tension of functionalized graphene decreased, which provided a theoretical basis for the dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in a suitable solvent. Functionalized graphene still had a high electrical conductivity, which has far-reaching significance for functionalized graphene to be applied in electronic semiconductors and related applications. Meanwhile, functionalized graphene was applied to polymer composite fibers, the tensile strength and the Young's modulus could reach 780 MPa and 19 GPa. The volume resistivity was two orders of magnitude lower than that of pure fiber. Thus, the use of ball milling to efficiently exfoliate and in situ functionalize graphite will help to develop a strategy that can be widely used to manufacture nanomaterials for various application fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 42
·34861-34873
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IF 4.6
Minjun Yin,Hongting Pu
Despite the critical role of polybenzimidazole (PBI) in high-temperature membranes in fuel cells, its practical deployment remains hindered by inherent limitations including low molecular weight (<20 kDa), poor solution processability, and irreversible network formation upon conventional synthesis. To address these challenges, a dynamic covalent strategy was introduced, leveraging Diels–Alder (DA) chemistry for topological reconfiguration. By subjecting furan-functionalized PBI prepolymer (PBI-furan, Mn = 8.2 kDa) to bismaleimide chain extension, we achieve a fourfold increase in molecular weight (Mn = 32 kDa), yielding a reversibly crosslinked PBI-DA membrane. Compared to traditional PBI with the same molecular weight, this architecture synergistically integrates exceptional thermal stability (>450 °C onset decomposition), robust mechanical strength (tensile strength >80 MPa), suppressed phosphoric acid swelling (<10%) and elevated ionic conductivity. Crucially, the dynamic network enables cyclic reprocessability and autonomous self-healing, retaining >90% of the initial mechanical properties after three tensile cycles. Compared to static PBI networks, this system reduces irreversible chain entanglement, while maintaining performance parity. By deeply integrating dynamic covalent chemistry with PBI materials, this work not only advances the performance of high-temperature proton-exchange membranes but also establishes a novel framework for the sustainable design of green energy devices, presenting significant scientific merit and engineering application potential.
研究领域:
高分子材料
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能源材料
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膜科学
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燃料电池
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功能高分子
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动态共价化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
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2022
·
IF 11.322
Lei Zhang,Zhi Li,Qing-Qing Bi,Lin-Yun Jiang,Xiao-Die Zhang,En Tang,Xue-Meng Cao,Hong-Fang Li,Jose Hobson,De-Yi Wang
The synchronized improvement of strength , toughness and fire suppression poses to be a critical trade-off issue towards high-performance epoxy resin. Aiming to impart epoxy with balanced multifunctional improvement, the Schiff base-derived bio-based phosphaphenanthrene small-molecule reinforcer towards in-situ constructed Diels-Alder network within existing 3D network was proposed. The incorporation of 3.5 wt% reinforcer (CQ-DOPO) concurrently enhanced the tensile and impact strength of epoxy by 26.6% and 48.4% without visible deterioration of transparency. The increment of glass transition temperature by 14 °C via dynamic mechanical analysis was observed. The underpinning experimental and simulation investigation verified the proof of concept of in-situ formed Diels-Alder sacrificing network towards higher crosslinking density and strong-weak dual network. Raman spectra witnessed the breaking of sacrificing bond during fracture. Moreover, 3.5 wt% CQ-DOPO with an ultralow phosphorous loading of 0.245 wt% enabled to impart epoxy with UL-94 V-0 rating as well as limiting oxygen index of 32.0%. The multi-scale dual-phase analysis unveiled the synchronized suppression of fire reactions in vapor phase via PO· quenching as well as in condensed phase via char microstructure optimization. Hence, the rational strategy via in-situ construction of Diels-Alder sacrificing bond toward dual network exploits a novel roadmap for high-performance epoxy.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
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2023
·Vol. 30
·期 3
·1-9
·
IF 2.8
Li Wanrong,Zhan Qingyan,Yang Po
This work aims to generate maleimides to polymers via Diels–Alder reaction and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Maleimides were converted to adducts through Diels–Alder reactions by reacting with cyclopentadiene or furan, then these adducts were generated to the corresponding polymers via ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The chemical structures of adducts were confirmed by 1 H NMR, FTIR and elemental analysis. After investigating the polymerization behaviors and properties, we found that the adducts could be converted into polymers via ROMP and affording polymers exhibited excellent performance. For example, the glass transition temperature of PBMC is 252 °C, 5% and 10% weight loss temperatures are successively 381 °C and 475 °C, and the relative dielectric constant ( D k ) and dissipation (D f ) at 1 Hz and 1 MHz are respectively 3.41 and 0.006, 3.35 and 0.020. Moreover, the adducts can be used to enhance other ROMP-derived polymers as the comonomers. We believe these may help researchers design and explore novel maleimides polymers and copolymers with promising properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS
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2016
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IF 1.947
Dong-Hang Yin,Wei Liu,Zhi-Xiang Wang,Xin Huang,Jing Zhang,De-Chun Huang
The direct three-component aza-Diels–Alder reaction was conducted with lipase as a catalyst for the first time. Under the optimized conditions, the aza-Diels–Alder reaction catalyzed by lipase from Candida sp. 99–125 provided the products in moderate to excellent yields. Meanwhile, the endo / exo ratio reached up to 88:12.
研究领域:
生物化学
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有机合成
·
酶学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
·
2022
·Vol. 30
·期 12
·5252-5262
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IF 4.705
Cheng Bing-Xu,Lu Chen-Chen,Li Qing,Zhao Si-Qi,Bi Chang-Shun,Wu Wei,Huang Chong-Xing,Zhao Hui
A type of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with excellent self-healing and recyclable properties was successfully prepared by introducing Diels–Alder (DA) reaction groups into it. FT-IR was used to verify the successful synthesis of samples and the retro-DA reaction in the WPU-DA films. It was found that the self-healing efficiency of the WPU-DA-4/4 films was 72.8%. After four cycle times, the self-healing efficiency could still achieve 49.7%. Moreover, the WPU-DA film could be applied as the positive friction layer to prepare a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Working in contact-separation mode, the electrical outputs with 2 × 2 cm 2 area can reach 58 V, 3.2 µA, 17.6 nC, respectively. It is also interesting to find that the electrical output properties of the TENG after damage-healed can be restored to more than 90% of the original one. The cross-linked WPU had good reprocessability and had great potential application prospects in intelligent materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2017
·
IF 3.386
Xue Dong,Rong-Tao Duan,Yan-Peng Ni,Zhi-Jie Cao,Li Chen,Yu-Zhong Wang
Retro-Diels-Alder reaction (rDA) has been widely used as a common modification approach for expanding functional applications of polymers. Especially, it has become an effective method of current cross-linking chemistry . With the goal of designing a cross-linkable PET-based copolyester toward flame retardancy and anti-dripping during combustion, dimethyl 5-(1,3-dioxo-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1 H -4,7-methanoisoindol-2(3 H )-yl) isophthalate (DMTMI) was incorporated as the functional co-monomer into PET chains via random transesterification polycondensation . Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and rheological studies demonstrated the existence of cross-linking behavior at high temperature. By controlling the co-monomer content, expected flame retardancy was obtained, as illustrated by the results from the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry. Furthermore, LOI values increased firstly and then decreased with the content of DMTMI increased, which was related to the existence of rDA reaction, and further proposed that a competitive relationship between the release of inflammable cyclopentadiene during rDA reaction and cross-linking behavior occurred in combustion. The hypothesis was verified through pyrolysis-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS).
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PHYTOCHEMISTRY
·
2018
·
IF 3.186
Chun-Li Xia,Gui-Hua Tang,Yan-Qiong Guo,You-Kai Xu,Zhi-Shu Huang,Sheng Yin
Mulberry Diels-Alder-type adducts (MDAAs) are a group of structurally unique natural products biosynthetically derived from the intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition of a dehydroprenylphenol and a chalcone . In the current study, ten MDAAs, including an undescribed one, inethermulberrofuran C, were isolated from the root bark of Morus alba . The anti-Alzheimer's disease (anti-AD) properties of these isolates were systematically screened for a series of potential targets (A β self-aggregation, tau aggregation, and ChEs) as well as the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Four compounds, mulberrofuran C, mulberrofuran K, mulberrofuran G, and isomulberrofuran G, turned out to be potent multi-targeted agents for AD. Among them, mulberrofuran K with a good blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability (8.7 ± 0.3 × 10 −6 cm/s) was selected as a promising candidate for further mechanism study in glutamate-induced HT22 cell model, which showed its neuroprotective ability on up-regulation of the glutathione (GSH) level and suppression of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
研究领域:
药理学
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植物化学
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神经科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Fenglei Zhang,Dongdong Han,Ning Xu,Xing Cui,Lei Zhang
Epoxy asphalt, a thermosetting polymer, is characterized by stable, irreversible internal chemical bonds that prevent recovery and spontaneous micro-crack healing, unlike conventional asphalt. This study introduces a renewable nano-modifier synthesized via esterification of carboxyl-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs-COOH) and furfuryl alcohol (FA), termed CNTs-FA. The successful synthesis of CNTs-FA was confirmed through various microscopic techniques. Integrating CNTs-FA into epoxy asphalt materials, the optimal dosage was identified as 0.05% of the total epoxy asphalt mass using tensile tests and fluorescence microscopy. Thermal reversible effects and mechanisms were further analyzed through multiple regeneration cycles using tensile properties, fluorescence microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The study elucidates that the thermal reversibility in epoxy asphalt is facilitated by the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction between the conjugated diene structure in FA and the curing agent oleylamine. This research provides an effective solution to the non-recoverability and unrepairable micro-cracks of traditional epoxy asphalt mixtures. Highlights CNTs-FA was successfully prepared by esterification reaction. Using nano modification methods, introduce DA reaction into curing system. Renewable function of epoxy asphalt by DA reversible reaction.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）