查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

Efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells with carbon quantum dots-doped PCBM electron transport layer

Xiaomeng Zhu,Jing Sun,Shuai Yuan,Ning Li,Zhiwen Qiu,Jinbiao Jia,Yining Liu,Jia Dong,Pin Lv,Bingqiang Cao

Perovskite solar cells with a single light absorption heterojunction has demonstrated a power conversion efficiency of as high as 23.2% in the past few years. In this work, for the first time, we used quasi-spherical carbon quantum dots (CQDs)-doped PCBM film as the electron transporting layer of an inverted perovskite solar cell. The device structure is FTO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/PCBM:CQDs/BCP/Ag. The optimized PCE of 18.1% was achieved and a 13% enhancement was observed compared with those of pure PCBM-based devices. Various advanced characterizations including ultrafast spectroscopy, conductive atomic force microscopy, and electronic impedance spectroscopy elucidate that quasi-spherical CQD doping leads to enhanced electrical conductivity, electron mobility, and charge extraction efficiency. Moreover, we find that such CQD doping helps to prevent I− ions from undergoing interface diffusion and thus enhances the stability of solar cells.

Green-Solvent Engineering for Depositing Qualified Phenyl-C61-butyl Acid Methyl Ester Films for Inverted Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells

Xingjuan Ma,Jiaqi Kong,Wei Wang,Xin Li

Flexible perovskite solar cells (fPSCs) with the inverted structure (p-i-n structure) show a promising commercialization future, owing to their lightweight and high efficiencies. Phenyl-C61-butyric-acid methyl ester (PCBM) is widely used as the n-type material due to its excellent conductivity and solvent processability. However, the commonly used chlorobenzene (CB), as the solvent of PCBM solution, is well recognized as a halogenated contaminant in the environment and is harmful to human health. There is an imperative need to develop nonhalogenated green solvents to replace CB. This work discusses the selection of green solvents based on the Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs). It is found that 2-methylanisole (2-MEA) acts as an excellent alternative to CB, with which high-quality PCBM films could be deposited. The experimental and theoretical studies demonstrate that 2-MEA can suppress the formation of PCBM aggregations during the solvation process compared with CB. The more uniform PCBM film achieved from the 2-MEA solution benefits carrier extraction at the electronic transport layer (ETL)/perovskite interface. As a result, better efficiencies are received among fPSCs based on the 2-MEA-processed PCBM, superior to that of the fPSCs based on the CB-processed PCBM. Moreover, using 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) as a solvent additive is proven to further increase the solubility of PCBM in the 2-MEA solution, resulting in enhanced efficiencies of the flexible PSCs by more than 5% (from 19.25 to 20.30%). The developed green-solvent strategy is of great importance for the future large-scale production of environmentally sustainable fPSCs.

Enhanced efficiency and thermal stability of perovskite solar cells using poly(9-vinylcarbazole) modified perovskite/PCBM interface

Jiankai Zhang,Wujian Mao,Jiaji Duan,Sumei Huang,Zhejuan Zhang,Wei Ou-Yang,Xuehua Zhang,Zhuo Sun,Xiaohong Chen

Poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) was introduced to modify the interface of perovskite/PCBM. The modified PVK material can induce the formation of the quasi-continuous sheet-shaped perovskite film at the surface of 3D perovskite layer, which may reduce the exposed grain boundaries. Besides, the PVK modified perovskite layer can reduce carrier recombination and accumulation at the interface of perovskite/PCBM and improve the crystallinity of perovskite layer and the interface contact properties. The PVK modification can greatly improve the PCEs and thermal and moisture stability and suppress the J-V hysteresis of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). PSCs with PVK modification achieved champion PCE of 19.03% (average PCE of 18.40%), maintained 80% of the original PCE value aging for 50 days under ambient conduction without encapsulation. Furthermore, PSCs with PVK modification can maintain 87% of the origin PCEs aging for 3 h under 85 °C thermal stress, which are greatly higher than that (26%) of PSCs without PVK modification.

Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells With Piperazine as an Efficient Dopant Into PCBM

Yue He,Yifeng Yao,Shiqi Li,Qinjun Sun,Yukun Wu,Yifan Liu,Zhanfeng Li,Yanxia Cui,Changqi Ma,Yuying Hao,Yucheng Wu

Efficient and highly light stable planar perovskite solar cells with graphene quantum dots doped PCBM electron transport layer

Zhengrui Yang,Jiangsheng Xie,V. Arivazhagan,Ke Xiao,Yaping Qiang,Kun Huang,Ming Hu,Can Cui,Xuegong Yu,Deren Yang

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have triggered a great deal of research on organic electron transport layers, such as phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), due to their potential application as a strong contender in photovoltaic industry with simple fabrication process and low cost. However, the low electrical conductivity and electron mobility of PCBM hinder the promotion of PSCs. Here we report a successful case of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) doping into PCBM electron transport layer (ETL) of planar N-I-P PSCs, resulting in an obvious increase in PCBM conductivity together with the enhanced charge extraction and reduced the trap state density of perovskite films. A low doping ratio (0.5   wt%) would be efficient to boost the V oc , J sc and FF, a PCE of 17.56% is achieved. More importantly, the light stability of PSCs with PCBM: GQDs was improved: the unpackaged cells can keep > 80% of the initial PCE under simulated sunlight with the full UV component present after 300   h, in contrast to the reference device that dropped < 50% during the same period of time.

Improving Electron Extraction Ability and Device Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Compatible PCBM/AZO Electron Transporting Bilayer

Hang Dong,Shangzheng Pang,Yi Zhang,Dazheng Chen,Weidong Zhu,He Xi,Jingjing Chang,Jincheng Zhang,Chunfu Zhang,Yue Hao

Due to the low temperature fabrication process and reduced hysteresis effect, inverted p-i-n structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with the PEDOT:PSS as the hole transporting layer and PCBM as the electron transporting layer have attracted considerable attention. However, the energy barrier at the interface between the PCBM layer and the metal electrode, which is due to an energy level mismatch, limits the electron extraction ability. In this work, an inorganic aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) interlayer is inserted between the PCBM layer and the metal electrode so that electrons can be collected efficiently by the electrode. It is shown that with the help of the PCBM/AZO bilayer, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs is significantly improved, with negligible hysteresis and improved device stability. The UPS measurement shows that the AZO interlayer can effectively decrease the energy offset between PCBM and the metal electrode. The steady state photoluminescence, time-resolved photoluminescence, transient photocurrent, and transient photovoltage measurements show that the PSCs with the AZO interlayer have a longer radiative carrier recombination lifetime and more efficient charge extraction efficiency. Moreover, the introduction of the AZO interlayer could protect the underlying perovskite, and thus, greatly improve device stability.Keywords:perovskite solar cells;aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO);electron transporting bilayer;stability

Enhancing the performance of inverted perovskite solar cells by inserting a ZnO:TIPD film between PCBM layer and Ag electrode

Liangxin Zhu,Chong Chen,Yujuan Weng,Fumin Li,Qiang Lou

To improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) prepared in humid air (RH = 55%), a new zinc oxide (ZnO):TIPD composite film is inserted between PCBM layer and Ag electrode for the first time. Compared to the single PCBM layer, the formed PCBM/ZnO:TIPD electron transport layer (ETL) has better coverage on the perovskite layer and more effective charge extraction ability from the perovskite layer. The insertion of ZnO:TIPD film effectively suppress the charge recombination at perovskite/ETL interface. Besides, the PCBM/ZnO:TIPD layer has better ability to prevent moisture from penetrating into the perovskite layer than single PCBM film. For these reasons, the PCE and stability of the PSCs with the PCBM/ZnO:TIPD are significantly improved compared to the PSCs with single PCBM (or ZnO:TIPD) layer. The highest efficiency of the cell with PCBM/ZnO:TIPD ETL reaches (13.7 ± 0.4)% in ambient atmosphere, which is 1.20 times that of the PSCs with PCBM only.

Suppressing the ions-induced degradation for operationally stable perovskite solar cells

Xiaodong Li,Sheng Fu,Shiyu Liu,Yulei Wu,Wenxiao Zhang,Weijie Song,Junfeng Fang

Operational stability remains the foremost concern delaying the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Ions diffusion from iodine-rich perovskite layer to metal electrode is one main reason for the irreversible devices degradation. Here we introduce chemically crosslinked TMTA (trimethylolpropane triacrylate) at both bulk perovskite layer and perovskite/PCBM interface to suppress the ions diffusion toward electrode. The TMTA in perovskite layer suppresses ions migration along grain boundaries and TMTA at perovskite/PCBM interface blocks ions diffusion toward electrode, owing to its continuous network structure and chemically inert nature. Diffusion experiment, permeation experiment and resistive random-access memory (RRAM) investigation confirm the effectively blocked ions diffusion in PSCs with TMTA whether under heat, light or electric field conditions. The resulting PSCs exhibit 7-fold improvement in operational stability at elevated temperature of 60 °C, retaining ~80% of initial efficiency after maximum power point tracking for 1000 h under continuous illumination. The PSCs with TMTA also exhibit good thermal stability and retain over 90% of the initial efficiency after aging at 60 °C for 1000 h.

Effective electron extraction from active layer for enhanced photodetection of photoconductive type detector with structure of Au/CH3NH3PbI3/Au

Han Su,Lina Meng,Yucheng Liu,Yunxia Zhang,Mingxin Hu,Zhou Yang,Shengzhong (Frank) Liu

Increasing the carrier concentration as well as carrier life time could be effective ways to increase the photoresponse of a photoconductive type photodetector . In this paper, layer-structure photodetectors have been fabricated by connecting CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 film with and without electron transport layer (SnO 2 and SnO 2 /PCBM bilayer). We found that the electron extraction at the electron transport layer and MAPbI 3 interface will boost the photocurrent and responsivity, and faster electron extraction will result in a higher photocurrent improvement. At the same time, the closer is the distance of the interface to the photogenerated electron-hole pairs, the larger is the photocurrent enhancement. The largest photocurrent increasement is almost 3 times the initial value, which increases from 1.54 μA to 6.10 μA.

High efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells using MD-697 doped poly (9-vinyl carbazole) modified interface of PCBM/perovskite layers

Zhou Jianping,Hua Yikun,Long Biyu,Huang Sumei,Chen Xiaohong

Using interface modification is an effective method to improve the crystallinity and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). P-type poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) inserted the interface of perovskite and electron transport layer (ETL), which can improve the crystallinity and stability of PSCs. However, pure PVK-modified interface of perovskite/ETL is sensitive to the modified thickness and UV exposure, which can only improve limited PCE and anti-UV durability compared to the reference PSCs. The anti-oxidant (1,2-dioxoethylene)bis(iminoethylene) bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) (MD-697) doped into poly (9-vinyl carbazole) (PVK) was firstly introduced to modify the interface of perovskite and phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl (PCBM). MD-697:PVK-modified PSCs got the champion PCEs of 20.75% with less hysteresis effect, which is far higher than PCE (19.03%) of PVK-modified PSCs, (17.58%) MD-687-modified PSCs and (17.1%) of reference PSCs. MD-697:PVK-modified PSCs remained 89% of the original PCEs aged for 2800 h at room temperature and RH 85% under encapsulating condition and still remained 94% of the original PCE value aged for 6 h UV irradiation, which show best moisture resistance and UV durability. The joint coordination of C=O, NH and OH groups of MD-697 and carbazole groups of PVK can contribute to best crystallization of the perovskite layer, improving passivation effect and superior interface contact at perovskite/PCBM layers. The quasi-continuous two-dimension layer was formed on the surface of 3D perovskite film, which can further inhibit moisture invasion along grain boundaries. Therefore, MD-697:PVK jointly modified the perovskite film is an effective method to obtain efficient and stable PSCs.

Improving the performance of inverted polymer solar cells by the efficiently doping and modification of electron transport layer-ZnO

Xinxin Huang,Huangzhong Yu,Shengwei Shi,Chengwen Huang

A novel ternary hybrid material zinc oxide & polyethyleneimine ethoxylated: reduced graphene oxide (ZnO&PEIE:RGO) is fabricated, and then used as electron transport layer (ETL) to improve the performance of inverted polymer solar cells (iPSCs). Compared with the pure ZnO as ETL, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of iPSCs based on P3HT:PCBM blend system with ZnO&PEIE:RGO as ETL is efficiently improved from 3.00% to 3.83%. The addition of RGO increases the conductivity of ZnO, and the addition of PEIE not only passivates the surface of ZnO nanoparticles to reduce its surface defects , but also prevents the aggregation of the precursor dispersion of ZnO:RGO. Moreover, the performance of the PTB7:PCBM based iPSCs with ZnO&PEIE:RGO as ETL is also improved from 6.91% to 8.87% compared with that of the device with pure ZnO as ETL. Interestingly, devices with ZnO&PEIE:RGO also exhibit enhanced lifetimes devices with ZnO, which still retain up to 63% of their original PCE after stored for 30 days without any encapsulation in air. Consequently, this novel ternary hybrid material ZnO&PEIE:RGO is a promising ETL material for PSCs.

A calix[4]resorcinarene-based hyper-structured molecule bearing disperse red 1 as the chromophore with enhanced photorefractive performance under non-electric field

Wansheng Zong,Lixin Wang,Qing Guo,Juan Li,Wenbo Wu,Yingliang Liu,Shengang Xu,Shaokui Cao

A hyper-structured molecule (HSM) CRA-DR1 and a model molecule Ph-DR1 for photorefractive (PR) application under non-electric field were designed and synthesized via highly reactive “click” reaction between alkynyl derivatives of calix [4]resorcinarene (CRA) or resorcinol and an azide derivative of disperse red 1 (DR1) in satisfactory yields. XRD pattern and UV–Vis absorption spectra indicated that the CRA-DR1 with three-dimensional (3D) CRA core could effectively decrease the aggregation, packing and crystallization of the nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores . AFM images showed a smooth and pinhole-free morphology of the CRA-DR1 film. Two-beam coupling (TBC) experiment was used to test the photorefractive performance in optically transparent films of Ph-DR1 and CRA-DR1 doped with [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as a photosensitizer and N -ethyl-carbazole (ECz) as a plasticizer . Without poling and without external electric filed, the coupling gain coefficient obtained in the CRA-DR1-based composite is 147.4 cm −1 , which is higher than that of Ph-DR1-based composite (132.6 cm −1 ) owing to its asymmetrical 3D CRA core. Coupled with its convenient synthesis and commercial DR1, CRA-DR1 could serve as a good candidate for PR application.