ANALYTICAL SCIENCES
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2022
·Vol. 39
·期 1
·115-121
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IF 1.967
Zhu Yongbing,Li Boyan,Huang Wei,He Yi,Liu Xiaodong
The Janowski reaction is a critical reaction for visual colorimetric detection of nitro-aromatic explosives. However, the solvent effect is still not well explored. Herein, we report the solvent-dependent activity of the Janowski reaction between 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT)/2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and NaOH. Four common solvents are studied. It is found that acetone with high donor number and low polarity is able to readily dissolve the product of Janowski reaction (Meisenheimer complexes) via Lewis acid–base interactions and solvation rules, facilitating the Janowski reactions between DNT/TNT and NaOH. Based on the color change of the Janowski reactions within acetone, a visual colorimetric assay is established. The present assay can detect DNT and TNT with a detection limit of 1.4 μM and 1.2 μM, which allows for naked-eye detection. In addition, this assay is highly selective and applicable to DNT/TNT detection in soil samples. Our work reveals the solvent effect on the Janowski reaction, providing a simple and rapid method for detection of nitro-aromatic explosives. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
化学
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分析化学
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环境科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
OPTICAL MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 4.3
Yue Song,Wenhui Liu,Xiaoyue Zhao,Xingxi Du,Sitong Zhang,Shuangqi Hu
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), as a widely used energetic material, is prone to causing water pollution during its production, transportation and disposal processes. This poses a severe menace to the environment and human health. Therefore, the efficient treatment of TNT-polluted wastewater has grown into a popular research direction in the environmental field. Photocatalytic technology has great application prospects due to its environmental friendliness and thorough degradation. As a commonly used photocatalyst, nano-ZnO suffers from the drawbacks of a wide band gap that only responds to ultraviolet light and limited photocatalytic performance, and constructing heterojunctions is an effective strategy to enhance its performance. In this study, CdS/ZnO heterojunction composites were synthesized via the coprecipitation method. After optimizing the component ratio, the 4-CdS/ZnO exhibited a photocatalytic degradation efficiency of over 92% for TNT, with a degradation efficiency 20 times higher than that of pure ZnO. Moreover, cyclic experiments verified its excellent stability. The present study puts forward novel ideas and technical support for the green and efficient degradation of TNT-contaminated water bodies.
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高影响因子
Crystals
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 9
·585
·
IF 2.9
Zi-Bo Zhang,Su-Ming Jing,Tian-Yi Wen,Yi-Wei Zhang
Improving the energetic performance of established explosives through rational structural modification provides an alternative strategy for the development of entirely new energetic molecules. In this work, bromine substitution was employed to regulate the solid-state properties of TNT derivatives, and two compounds, 3-bromo-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (3-BrTNT) and 3,5-dibromo-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (3,5-BrTNT), were synthesized and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that different bromination patterns lead to distinct crystal structures and packing characteristics. Electrostatic potential analysis and Hirshfeld surface analysis further revealed that bromine substitution modifies molecular surface characteristics and intermolecular contact distributions within the crystals. Compared with 3-BrTNT, 3,5-BrTNT exhibits a higher crystal density of 2.312 g cm−3and improved calculated detonation performance, with a detonation velocity of 7915 m s−1and a detonation pressure of 31.86 GPa. Meanwhile, both brominated derivatives exhibit reduced impact sensitivity compared with TNT. These results demonstrate that the bromination pattern, rather than bromine incorporation alone, plays an important role in regulating crystal structures and energetic properties. This study provides insight into substitution-pattern-controlled crystal engineering as a strategy for optimizing TNT-based energetic materials.
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高影响因子
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2017
·
IF 6.32
Weijun Kong,Xiaoning Zhao,Qiuju Zhu,Lingfeng Gao,Hua Cui
Until now, despite the great success acquired in scientific research and commercial applications, magnetic beads (MBs) have been used for nothing more than a carrier in most cases in bioassays. In this work, highly chemiluminescent magnetic beads containing N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethyl isoluminol (ABEI) and Co2+ (Co2+/ABEI/MBs) were first synthesized via a facile strategy. ABEI and Co2+ were grafted onto the surface of carboxylated MBs by virtue of a carboxyl group and electrostatic interaction. The as-prepared Co2+/ABEI/MBs exhibited good paramagnetic properties, satisfactory stability, and intense chemiluminescence (CL) emission when reacted with H2O2, which was more than 150 times that of ABEI functionalized MBs. Furthermore, it was found that 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) aptamer could attach to the surface of Co2+/ABEI/MBs via electrostatic interaction and coordination interaction between TNT aptamer and Co2+, leading to a decrease in CL intensity due to the catalytic site Co2+ being blocked by the aptamer. In the presence of TNT, TNT would bind strongly with TNT aptamer and detach from the surface of Co2+/ABEI/MBs, resulting in partial restoration of the CL signal. Accordingly, label-free aptasensor was developed for the determination of TNT in the range of 0.05–25 ng/mL with a detection limit of 17 pg/mL. This work demonstrates that Co2+/ABEI/MBs are easily connected with recognition biomolecules, which are not only magnetic carriers but also direct sensing interfaces with excellent CL activity. It provides a novel CL interface with a magnetic property which easily separates analytes from the sample matrix to construct label-free bioassays.
研究领域:
分析化学
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环境科学
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生物传感
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
International Journal of Environmental Research
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2025
·Vol. 20
·期 1
·39
·
IF 3.5
Lai Chengxu,Dong Bin,Han Mengwei,Yang Xu,Zhao Sanping,Zhong Junbo,Zhu Yongbing
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a widely used nitroaromatic explosive that poses significant environmental and biological risks due to its toxicity, particularly critical in regions experiencing armed conflict. The remediation of TNT-contaminated sites through adsorption and immobilization using biochar is proposed as a safe and cost-effective strategy. This study evaluated the potential of biochar derived from four different waste sources for TNT adsorption. Biochars derived from plant biomass (wood and coconut shell) exhibited high organic carbon contents (68.72%–69.42%), specific surface areas (535.09–578.99 m 2 /g), and total pore volumes (0.65–0.69 cm 3 /g). Their TNT adsorption capacities (240.0–257.2 mg/g) were significantly higher than those of bone- and sludge-derived biochars. TNT adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model (R 2 > 0.97), indicating that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism. Adsorption isotherms were well fitted by the Freundlich model (R 2 > 0.99), suggesting a heterogeneous multilayer adsorption process. The primary mechanisms underlying TNT adsorption were likely π–π interactions and pore filling. Additionally, the biochars showed strong adaptability across a range of temperatures (5–45 °C), pH levels (3–11), and coexisting substances (natural organic matter, metal ions). Notably, the addition of 2% biochar effectively immobilized 1000 mg/kg of TNT in loamy soil. This research highlighted the promising potential of biochar as an effective adsorbent for TNT and underscored the practical applications of biochar in the remediation of TNT-contaminated soils. Graphical
研究领域:
环境科学
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土壤修复
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环境污染
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吸附化学
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环境工程
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生物地球化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
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2023
·Vol. 56
·期 5
·1569-1573
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IF 6.1
Wang Z.,Xu J.,Zhao Z.,Zhang Z.,Tong Y.
A novel type of 4,4′,5,5′-tetranitro-1H,1′H-(2,2′-biimidazole)-1,1′-diamine (DATNBI)/TNT energetic cocrystal (cocrystal-1) was prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The molar ratio of the cocrystal is 1:2 and the crystal density is 1.784 g cm−3 at 23°C. It belongs to the triclinic system with space group P1. The thermal stability, mechanical sensitivity and detonation performance of cocrystal-1 were studied. Compared with DATNBI, the mechanical sensitivity (H50 and FS, friction sensitivity) and thermal stability (Td, detonation temperature) of cocrystal-1 were significantly improved (H50, FS and Td of DATNBI and cocrystal-1 are, respectively, 27.8 cm, 160 N, 240°C and 65.6 cm, >360 N, 253°C). Combining these results with other characterizations, it was found that cocrystal-1 exhibited a polymorphic transformation, phase separation and melting of the two single components in succession. The ability to control the properties and understand the structural stability of this explosive cocrystal is of great value.
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高影响因子
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
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2016
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IF 4.758
Bing Zheng,Yan Li,Furong Tao,Yuezhi Cui,Tianduo Li
Carbazole-based linear conjugated polymer (P 1 ) and hyperbranched conjugated polymer (P 2 ), were successfully synthesized with high molecular weights and good solubilities through Sonogashira coupling reactions. Compared with P 1 , the charactyeristics of P 2 were remarkably changed by exhibiting outstanding thermal stabilities and different emission behaviors. In this work, a superquenching effect was observed in the TNT-detection process by using P 2. The calculated Stern-Volmer quenching constant revealed that P 2 was more sensitive than P 1 towards TNT in solution, owing to the hyperbranched structure of P 2 had multiple exciton migration channels and diffusion pathways via numerous branches in the two-dimensional (2D) space. Simultaneously, quenching efficiency of P 2 was higher than that of P 1 , due to hyperbranched structure of P 2 had multiple exciton migration channels.
研究领域:
材料科学
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分析化学
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高影响因子
Polymer Chemistry
·
2018
·Vol. 9
·期 30
·4150-4160
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IF 4.927
Qian Li,Xiao Li,Zhongying Wu,Yuhao Sun,Jianglin Fang,Dongzhong Chen
Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) is one of the well-known typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens (AIEgens) and TPE-containing polymers possess excellent processing properties which facilitates the fabrication of various AIE systems and devices. For AIE active side-chain polymers, increasing the fluorescence quantum yield through suitable molecular design is very appealing. In this work, we present the well-controlled synthesis of a series of TPE polyacrylate side-chain polymers of Pm with short spacers with methylene number m = 0–5 via RAFT polymerization. All the obtained polymers exhibit typical and strong AIE characteristics in THF/H2O solution mixtures and in solid state films. In particular, greatly enhanced fluorescence emission is achieved with reduced spacer lengths, and further significant improvement achieved through annealing, which is ascribed to the restriction of intramolecular motions (RIM) and the blocking of the non-radiative channels due to overcrowding and confinement thanks to the strong positive coupling effect and the jacketing effect of side-chain polymers with very short spacers. The quantum yields of 34.4%, 32.0% and 31.4%, respectively, for the polymer films P0, P1 and P2 are several times higher than those of homologous polymers with longer spacers reported in the literature. Based on these TPE side-chain polymers of very short spacers, a simple, economic and visual method for detection of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is demonstrated. Therefore, a facile approach and feasible strategy of simply adopting very short spacers for side-chain AIE active polymer preparation to significantly enhance the luminescence efficiency has been properly established and proposed, which may provide guidance and have a wealth of implications for the rational design and preparation of highly efficient luminescent AIE polymer materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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分析化学
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纳米技术
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DOI
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL LETTERS
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2020
·
IF 1.467
Yunlong Zhang,Ya Ma,Lishi Wang
A polyfurfural film and copper nanoparticle (Cu NP) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared for the electrochemical determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The polyfurfural film and Cu NPs were prepared by a one-step electrochemical polymerization method and a one-step electrochemical deposition method, respectively. In order to obtain the optimum electrochemical performance, the degree of polymerization of furfural, the deposition time and deposition potential of copper, the enrichment time and enrichment potential of TNT detection, and the pH of the detection solution were optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the modified glassy carbon electrode provided significantly enhanced electro-catalytic activity for TNT with a wide linear detection range from 0.05 to 6 ppm and a low detection limit of 0.0416 ppm due to the excellent synergistic catalytic properties of the polyfurfural film and Cu NPs. The electrode also showed excellent anti-interference ability, stability and reproducibility. Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained when the modified electrode was used for the determination of TNT in tap water samples, showing n excellent prospects for practical applications.
研究领域:
分析化学
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环境科学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2018
·
IF 4.229
Qingyuan Qin,Qingdan Shi,Wenfeng Ding,Junmin Wan,Zhiwen Hu
Exploiting an inexpensive and high-effective composite catalyst for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and elimination of organic contaminant from wastewater has drawn great attentions recently. Herein, a facile two-step hydrothermal process was successfully adopted to realize the growth of MoS 2 nanosheet on the surface of unique TNT@CNTs (TC). Remarkable, the optimized MoS 2 /TNT@CNTs (MTC) catalyst exhibited high-efficient photocatalytic activity for high concentrations (30 mg/L) of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) with the photodegradation rate of 98.7% and 99.0% in 50 min, which are 2 and 6 times higher than that of pure TiO 2 nanotube (TNT), respectively. Meanwhile, the novel composites also showed better hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity with the overpotential of 110 mV. The significant enhance in photocatalytic performance and electrocatalytic activity are attribute to formation of chemical bonds and large specific surface area, which effectively separate and transfer interfacial charges. The radical scavenging techniques confirmed that the holes (h + ) and •O 2 − radicals played a main role in the photocatalytic process. This study suggests that the novel nanocomposite has extensive application to solve environment and energy issues due to the low-cost raw materials, simple and inexpensive synthesizing process and environmental-friendly methods.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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能源科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2025
·
IF 9
Chiyu Wen,Chao Wang,Defang Liu,Zhuo Cheng,Jing Zhao,Hongli Zhang,Jun Wang,Guoxiang Zhu,Yongfa Zhu
Nitro-aromatic compounds constitute predominant explosive materials extensively utilized in military applications and industrial blasting operations. However, the manufacturing, consumption, and decommissioning of these explosives generate significant quantities of wastewater exhibiting both ecotoxicological hazards and explosive potential. Herein, an amino-functionalized MIL-100(Fe) (AFM) catalyst demonstrating simultaneously enhanced explosive capture and degradation is developed. The synergistic interplay of electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding between the amino groups of AFM and nitro groups of nitro-aromatic explosive confer exceptional binding affinity. The optimized AFM exhibits a remarkable 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) adsorption of 14.93 mg/g, which is 3.6 times of unmodified MIL-100(Fe). In photo-Fenton reactions, the optimized AFM completely degrades TNT within 30 min, and achieves a mineralization efficiency as high as 96.7 %. Moreover, the AFM exhibits excellent stability, retaining a high TNT degradation efficiency of 97.7 % after five consecutive cycles. The currently designed AFM catalyst possessing fascinating explosive affinity and high explosive mineralization efficiency is expected to advance sustainable remediation of high-risk explosive wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料化学
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危险废物处理
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催化
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纳米材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
OPTICAL MATERIALS
·
2021
·
IF 3.08
Hui Zhao,Jihai Duan,Pengxia Sun,Zisheng Zhang,Weiwen Wang
Black Ti 3+ self-doping TiO 2 nanotubes (BTNT) have attracted widespread attention due to their abilities to enhance visible light response and photo-generated electron-hole separation without introducing impurity particles. However, due to the poor stability of Ti 3+ , the doping of a large amount of Ti 3+ is a huge challenge. In this work, we have taken a different approach, and the black Ti 3+ self-doping TNT-Ag-WO 3 (BAW) photocatalyst was prepared. The BAW Z-scheme photocatalytic (PC) system was successfully constructed. Compared with TNT's PC system (degrade 40.56%), BAW Z-scheme PC system can degrade 97.67% with 20 mg/L MB wastewater after 120 min. By introducing a large number of Ti 3+ and O vacancies, the inherent active group is mainly converted from the holes and.OH on the WO 3 valence band and.O 2 − on the TiO 2 conduction band , which improved the stability of O vacancies.Before and after the reaction, the reduction of Ti 3+ in BTNT is about 30 times that of Ti 3+ in BAW. This work provides a reference and basis for constructing Z-scheme heterojunction on BTNT, and also provides new ideas for improving the stability of Ti 3+ and O vacancies in self-doped TiO 2 .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）