Energy & Environmental Materials
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2021
·Vol. 5
·期 1
·353-359
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IF 15.122
Xingyang Du,Hanying Zhang,Xuexia Lan,Bin Yuan,Renzong Hu
Silicon monoxide (SiO) has aroused increased attention as one of the most promising anodes for high-energy density Li-ion batteries. To enhance the initial Coulombic efficiencies (ICE) and cycle stability of SiO-based anodes, a new facile composition and electrode design strategy have been adapted to fabricate a SiO–Sn–Co/graphite (G) anode. It achieves a unique structure where tiny milled SiO–Sn–Co particles are dispersed among two graphite layers. In this hybrid electrode, Sn–Co alloys promoted Li + extraction kinetics, and the holistic reversibility of SiO and graphite enhanced the electrical conductivity. The SiO–Sn–Co/G electrode delivered an average ICE of 77.6% and a reversible capacity of 640 mAh g −1 at 800 mA g −1 , and the capacity retention was above 98% after 100 cycles, which was much higher than that of the SiO with an ICE of 55.3% and a capacity retention of 50%. These results indicated that this was reliable method to improve the reversibility and cycle ability of the SiO anode. Furthermore, based on its easy and feasible fabrication process, it may provide a suitable choice to combine other alloy anodes with the graphite anode.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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2021
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IF 5.816
Hui Yong,Shuai Wang,Jiangwei Ma,Kewei Zhang,Dongliang Zhao,Jifan Hu,Yanghuan Zhang
The Mg-based hydrogen storage alloy with multiple platforms is successfully prepared by ball milling Co powder and Mg-RE-Ni precursor alloy, and its hydrogen storage behavior was investigated in detail by XRD , EDS , TEM, PCI , and DSC methods. The ball-milled alloy consists of the main phase Mg, the catalytic phases Mg 2 Ni, Mg 2 Co as well as a small amount of Mg 12 Ce, and convert into the MgH 2 –CeH 2.73 -Mg 2 NiH 4 –Mg 2 CoH 5 composite after hydrogenation. The composite has three PCI platforms corresponding to the reversible de/hydrogenation reaction of Mg/MgH 2 , Mg 2 Ni/Mg 2 NiH 4 and Mg 6 Co 2 H 11 /Mg 2 CoH 5 . Among them, the transformation between Mg 2 Ni and Mg 2 NiH 4 triggers the “spill-over” effect which promote the decomposition of MgH 2 phases and enhances the hydrogen desorption kinetics. Meanwhile, the conversion of the Mg 6 Co 2 H 11 to Mg 2 CoH 5 phase induces the “chain reaction” effect, which leads to preferential nucleation of Mg phase and improves the hydrogen absorption kinetics. Therefore, the Mg-RE-Ni-Co alloy has a double improvement on hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics. Concretely, the alloy has an optimal hydrogen absorption temperature of 200 °C, at which it can absorb 5.5 wt. % H 2 within 40 s. Under the conditions, the capacity of absorption almost reaches the maximum reversible value (about 5.6 wt. %). Besides, the alloy has a dehydrogenation activation energy of 67.9 kJ/mol and can desorb 5.0 wt. % H 2 within 60 min at the temperature of 260 °C.
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Energy Technology
·
2020
·Vol. 8
·期 12
·2000737
·
IF 3.404
Jing Hu,Hao Guo,Cheng-Jie Li,Ying-Chao Zhang,Jin-Xiu Yuan,Shan-Shan Zhang,Li-Li Zhao
In this study, a thin-film single cell is successfully prepared by screen-printing process. The single cell with 100 μm film cathode and 200 μm film electrolyte via screen-printing technique exhibits a specific capacity of 1163.4 As g −1 up to 1.5 V. For comparison, a single cell with 500 μm pellet cathode and 300 μm pellet electrolyte via powder-pressing process just presents a specific capacity of 361.3 As g −1 . The enhancement of specific capacity of single cells prepared by the screen-printing method can be ascribed to the microstructure of the thin film, which improves the diffusion rate of Li + by macroscopically reducing the thickness of the single cell, and thus releases the maximum capacity of the active material. The thin-film single cell also demonstrates low diffusion impedance, making it potentially suitable for use in a pulse miniaturization thermal battery. This work provides guidance for the potential engineering application of screen-printing techniques in thermal battery preparation.
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DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
·
2020
·
IF 2.65
Jia Rong Chen,Pei Cheng Mo,Feng Lin,Le Yin Xiao,De Long Xie,Xiao Yi Pan,Chao Chen
This article discusses the effects of hydrogenation pretreatment on synthetic polycrystalline diamond composite(PDC). Hydrogen is used for hydrotreating cobalt metal catalyst as a role to protective cobalt and improve the catalytic activity of cobalt in the synthesis of PDC. The PDC is synthesized in a hinged Hexa-orientation Press. The catalytic mechanism of hydrogenation in synthesis PDC is discussed. The polycrystalline diamond (PCD) phases in the PDC samples are confirmed by X-ray diffraction method (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal the PCD layer surface consist of a homogeneous diamond, cobalt and tungsten carbide alloy. Raman and abrasion ratio methods are used to analyze the performance of PDC. Experimental results show that the residual stress of PCD layer surface is tensile stress and the new method with hydrogenation can improve the abrasion ratio of PDC.
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Journal of Physical Chemistry C
·
2021
·
IF 4.126
Tengteng Li,Qingyan Li,Xin Tang,Zhiliang Chen,Yifan Li,Hongliang Zhao,Silei Wang,Xin Ding,Yating Zhang,Jianquan Yao
The preparation of a high-quality perovskite film is very important for improving the device performance of perovskite photodetectors (PPDs). At present, one of the most commonly used methods to obtain high-quality perovskite films is to regulate the nucleation and crystal growth processes through antisolvent-assisted crystallization. In this work, we employ a low-toxicity antisolvent sec-pentanol (SPA) as a polar auxiliary agent to modify the perovskite films, which can effectively regulate the MAI·PbI2·DMSO intermediate phase because of its moderate polarity, leading to the formation of a uniform and pinhole-free perovskite morphology. As a result, the photoresponsivity reaches 1.06 A/W under an illumination of the 532 nm laser with a power density of 12.74 μW/cm2 at a bias voltage of −2 V, which is the known champion responsivity for vertical PD based on an indium tin oxide glass substrate and with CH3NH3PbI3 as the only photosensitive material. Moreover, we study the effects of chlorobenzene with polarity less than SPA and n-butanol with polarity greater than SPA on perovskite formation and device performance as an antisolvent and find that the crystallization quality of the perovskite film is greatly affected by the polarity of the antisolvent. This work provides a reference for the preparation of high-performance PPDs.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2020
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IF 4.65
Lixin Pei,Zhiguo Ye,Xuetao Yuan,Xinyuan Peng,Duosheng Li,Zhibin Zheng
The conversion of excess electrical energy in a power system to hydrogen through the use of water electrolysis is considered an effective alternative to replace fossil fuels. However, the scarcity and high cost of Pt-based materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) impedes their large-scale application in electric power systems. On the basis of the nanoscale Kirkendall effect, three-dimensional CoMoMg nanomeshes are fabricated by a conventional high-temperature sintering method. The nanomesh CoMoMg alloy mainly consists of intermetallic Co 3 Mo, which achieves a low overpotential of 36 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm −2 in 1 M KOH. The electrode during a 60,000 s HER process under different current densities, especially 2 A cm −2 , displays excellent long-term stability without compromising electrocatalytic activity, which is attributed to the synergistic effect between Co and Mo and three-dimensional nanoporous structure. This work provides a feasible strategy for designing efficient and durable hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts , and effectively solves the problem of expensive Pt-based precious metal catalysts.
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DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
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2020
·
IF 2.65
Yi Tian,Junpu Wang,Jiawei Zhang,Shixue Guan,Lu Zhang,Binbin Wu,Yuzhu Su,Mengyang Huang,Li Zhou,Duanwei He
The stability and solubility of diamond in cobalt at a pressure of 5 GPa was investigated. At temperatures ranging from 1000 °C and 1350 °C, diamond can be dissolved in cobalt without graphitization . Meanwhile, the solubility of single diamond crystals in cobalt was measured at 5 GPa and temperatures of up to 1300 °C through weight analysis, and it was found to increase with the increase in temperature. The morphological changes of the diamond crystals after high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) treatments were observed using a scanning electron microscope . The resulting quantitative data and morphology analysis enabled the construction of a scheme for the morphological evolution of diamond crystals during their dissolution in cobalt at HPHT. The diamond formation process in cobalt solvent is discussed in relation to the dynamic equilibrium.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2021
·
IF 13.273
Boya Hao,Zhiguo Ye,Jilin Xu,Liangliang Li,Juntong Huang,Xinyuan Peng,Duosheng Li,Zhong Jin,Guang Ma
Transforming the intermittent solar and wind energies into green hydrogen energy by water electrolysis is deemed to be a promising approach to substitute traditional fossil energies. However, the scarcity of precious IrO 2 /RuO 2 -based metal oxides for oxygen evolution reaction hinders the large-scale utilization. Here, based on the nanoscale Kirkendall effect , we fabricate nanoporous γ-Ni based solid solution with the simulated FeCoNi surface compositions of Gibeon meteorites by a facile microwave sintering method. A metal (oxy)hydroxide layer with a thickness of approximately 9 nm was formed on the surface of as-prepared electrode after aging, achieving an overpotential of only 254 mV at 10 mA cm −2 and a low Tafel slope of 37.0 mV dec −1 . The electrode exhibits outstanding long-term stability in a wide range of current densities without compromising the electrocatalytic activity, which is attributed to the 3D-interconnected nanoporous structure, synergistic effect of different species, high conductivity and excellent wettability . The fabrication of nanoporous non-precious solid solution architectures which mimic naturally-formed materials provides a feasible strategy for the design of high-performance electrocatalysts towards clean energy applications.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2021
·Vol. 9
·期 11
·7198-7207
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IF 12.732
Xiaoyong Yu,Lijing Wang,Xin Wang,Hongzhi Liu,Ziyuan Wang,Yixuan Huang,Guoqiang Shan,Weichao Wang,Lingyan Zhu
Supported metal catalysts are widely used for heterogeneous catalytic processes (e.g., Fenton-like reaction), but the mechanisms of interfacial processes are still ambiguous. Herein, unique nanocarbon based catalysts with Co nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen (N)-doped graphene (Co@NG) were prepared by calcination of Co based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which showed excellent catalytic performance for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. Comprehensive characterization revealed that there were strong interfacial interactions between Co and the NG layer due to the presence of special nitrogen species, especially graphitic-N. Density functional theory calculations suggested that the strong interfacial interactions provided optimal active sites with low adsorption energy (−1.99 eV) for PMS accumulation, which enabled the generation of highly oxidizing NG–PMS* intermediates as evidenced by in situ Raman microscopy. Electrochemical analyses revealed that the interfacial interactions facilitated surface-to-surface electronic communication across atomic interface-bonding (N–Co). Consequently, phenol was quickly degraded by the NG–PMS* via direct oxidation by an anodic-like nonradical process, and reasonable graphitic-N (G-N) content and pore size are important for this process. Phenol at 1 mM was completely removed within only 12 min by Co@NG-900 (which was prepared at 900 °C), with an apparent rate constant 20 times higher than that of pure NG-900. This work sheds new insights on the critical role of interfacial interactions in nonradical PMS activation.
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SOLID STATE SCIENCES
·
2020
·
IF 2.434
Jian Lv,Qingran Wang,Peng Chen,Heng Liu,Zhongmin Su,Jianxun Zhao,Wanqiang Liu,Jianhua Hou,Shang Gao
The Co 2 B alloy is synthesized by high temperature solid phase process. 5 wt% Pd is added to the Co 2 B alloy by ball milling at different milling time in order to enhance discharge performance of the raw alloy. The phase structure and surface morphology of these alloys is characterized by XRD and SEM. The discharge capacities of the alloy milled for 10 min and 30 min are higher than that of the raw alloy. However, the discharge capacity of the alloy milled for 1 h is lower than that of the raw alloy. The result of linear polarization and EIS shows that proper milling time and uniform distribution of palladium on the alloy surface can make the alloy electrode have excellent discharge capacity. Ball milling at appropriate time can make the palladium on the alloy surface uniformly distributed and the alloy particles do not aggregate, which increases the charge-transfer reaction rate and discharge capacity. The experimental results prove that the addition of palladium and proper ball milling can effectively improve the electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of the Co 2 B alloy.
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GEOSTANDARDS AND GEOANALYTICAL RESEARCH
·
2020
·Vol. 44
·期 3
·617-627
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IF 2.976
Ying Yu,Qian Zhao,Haolin Bao,Qing Mou,Zeming Shi,Youliang Chen,Ying Gao
With increasing use of bismuth in industry, a better understanding of its environmental behaviour is required, including an improved knowledge of its background concentration range in (non-saline) freshwaters. However, the poor analytical sensitivity of previous methods may lead to inaccurate measurement results for Bi 3+ in environmental samples. In this work, cobalt ion-assisted photochemical vapour generation (PVG) was developed for the detection of trace Bi with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurement. The volatile species of Bi was found to be (CH 3 ) 3 Bi generated under UV irradiation in the presence of formic acid, acetic acid and Co 2+ . The major parameters potentially influencing the detection of Bi were investigated. Under optimised conditions, the limit of detection (3 s , n = 11) of the proposed method was 0.3 ng l −1 . The analytical sensitivity was enhanced about 70-fold for Bi 3+ compared with that using classic pneumatic nebulisation of ICP-MS. Furthermore, the proposed method showed better analytical sensitivity and anti-interference ability towards co-existing ions compared with ferric ion-assisted PVG systems. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by analysis of environmental water samples and certified reference materials with satisfactory results.
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
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2020
·Vol. 95
·期 6
·1748-1755
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IF 2.75
Ting Wang,Junnan Wei,Yunchao Feng,Huai Liu,Xing Tang,Xianhai Zeng,Yong Sun,Tingzhou Lei,Lu Lin
BACKGROUND Biomass holds the promise to provide a sustainable future for the chemical industry. 2, 5-Bishydroxymethylfuran (BHMF) is a versatile bio-based diol with a broad range of potential applications in many polymeric materials, artificial fibers and drugs. However, the controlling of the BHMF selectivity in hydrogenation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with complex transformation pathways is always a great challenge especially under solvent-free conditions in which many side reactions may occur due to its rich reducible groups. RESULTS A facile and effective approach was developed for the selective synthesis of BHMF by solvent-free hydrogenation of a deep eutectic mixture consisting of HMF (75 wt%) and choline chloride (ChCl), by which a BHMF selectivity up to 94.6% was gained at full HMF conversion over Raney Co at 100 °C in 4 h. In addition, the HMF conversion and selectivity toward BHMF can be regulated and controlled through altering the strength of hydrogen-bonding interactions of HMF-based deep eutectic mixtures (ChCl–HMF mixtures). CONCLUSION We developed an effective approach that allows the solvent-free synthesis of BHMF via hydrogenation of HMF-based deep eutectic mixtures. The extraordinary BHMF selectivity in the solvent-free hydrogenation of HMF is reasonably attributed to the hydrogen-bonding interactions formed between ChCl and HMF/BHMF which greatly suppresses the side reactions of HMF and the over-reduction of BHMF. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
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