JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2023
·Vol. 170
·期 12
·122505
·
IF 3.9
Yongxin Wu,Muya Cai,Hongya Wang,Zuojun Hu,Fangzhao Pang,Xiang Chen,Meiyu Zhao,Bingbing Wang,Xiong Zhang,Xiaowei Liu,Dihua Wang,Huayi Yin
Lead-acid batteries (LABs) are commonly utilized in various applications such as electric motorcycles, uninterruptible power systems, and stationary energy storage devices. Calcium (Ca) is an essential element being added to Pb grid alloys to increase their mechanical strength. In this paper, molten salt electrolysis is used to prepare Pb-Ca master alloy in molten CaCl2-NaCl at 700 °C. The Ca concentration reaches 2.51 wt%, and the current efficiency reaches 85.0% for the 1 A-scale electrolyzer and 75.8% for the 50 A-scale cell. Compared with the traditional physical mixing ways, Ca is selectively and gradually deposited in the liquid Pb cathode without worrying about the immense heat generated by mixing Ca and Pb. In addition, molten salt serves as a media to avoid the oxidation of Ca. Through thermodynamic calculations and electrochemical measurements, the Pb-Ca formation prefers to happen rather than Pb-Na alloy in molten CaCl2-NaCl because of the stronger interaction of Ca and Pb than Na and Pb. Overall, this paper provides a straightforward strategy to prepare Pb-Ca master alloys, which can be expanded to prepare various liquid semimetal alloys containing reactive metals.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
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电化学
·
能源材料
·
功能合金
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Royal Society Open Science
·
2019
·Vol. 6
·期 7
·
IF 2.515
Myonghak Kim,Mungi Kim,Cholnam Ri,Songchol Jong,Ilman Pak,Ganghyok Kim,Mun Ri
Tetrabasic lead sulfate (4BS) was used as a positive active material additive for lead-acid batteries, which affirmatively affected the performance of the battery. Herein, tetrabasic lead sulfate was synthesized from scrap lead paste that was formed through the production process of the lead-acid batteries. This solves the disposing problem of the scrap lead paste that is challenging in the production of the lead-acid batteries. Scrap lead paste was first pre-treated and the 4BS with high purity and crystalline was synthesized by sintering at the temperature of 450°C and hold time of 7 h. As demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy test and Material Studio software calculation, the purity of synthesized 4BS is higher than 98 wt%, small particles have pillar forms and are evenly distributed. Moreover, the synthesized 4BS of 1 wt% was added to the positive lead paste and then valve-regulated lead-acid battery was made after the pasting, curing and formation processes. The effectiveness of the lead-acid batteries after adding 4BS as crystal seeds was evaluated, and the 100% charge–discharge cycle life of the new battery (523 times) was about 1.4 times higher than that of general lead-acid batteries (365 times).
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
环境工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2022
·
IF 7.336
Zhengyang Chen,Jiangmin Li,Jiajia Yu,Lei Wu,Shengquan Zhou,Yanzhao Rao,Jing Cao
Aluminum sulfate is inexpensive, non-toxic and non-hazardous and has the potential to become an ideal electrolyte additive for lead-acid batteries. This paper investigates in depth on the effect of electrolyte additives in lead-acid batteries under high rate charging and discharging conditions. This research work proves that aluminum sulfate in the electrolyte can affect the rapid accumulation of lead sulfate formation and growth in high rate charging and discharging process and then significantly inhibit sulfation, which reduces the internal resistance of the electrode plate and substantially improves the electrochemical performance of the battery . The high-rate partial charge state (1C charging and discharging rate) cycle (HRPSoC) life (8003 times) of the battery with aluminum sulfate additive is 13 times that of the blank battery. The battery test results show that the battery has excellent performance in charge acceptance test and constant voltage and constant current polarization test. We also found aluminum sulfate could repair the spent batteries effectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
·
能源存储技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
International Journal of Electrochemical Science
·
2023
·
IF 1.5
Min Li,Ying Li
In this work, it found that lead oxide (PbO) can be dissolved well in 1-methylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate (MIMTfO) ionic liquid. The electrodeposition of lead from PbO in MIMTfO ionic liquid was studied. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed that the reduction of Pb(II) is a irreversible and one-step reaction process. Chronoamperometry results presented that the nucleation mechanism of lead is fit instantaneous nucleation under diffusion control. The diffusion coefficient of Pb(II) at 373 K is approximately 3.6×10 –8 cm 2 s –1 . The electrodeposition experiments were conducted at 383 K and 393 K using potentiostatic electrolysis. A compact electrodeposit was obtained at 383 K in MIMTfO ionic liquid, which was confirmed to be metallic lead.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 2.5
Nie Liu,Zhang Donghuai,Hu Jie,Sun Jian,Lai Changgan,Guo Zhiliang,Wang Helin,Ji Shuai,Lei Lixu
Lead formate (LF) has been successfully prepared from compounds in spent lead-acid batteries by a simple and low-cost method. The irregular sheets of LF pile up to form agglomerated particles. When it is used as an additive in the negative electrode, it makes the electrode perform better and be able to discharge a capacity of 107 mAh g −1 at 100 mA g −1 to 1.75 V; it still discharges 86.5 mAh g −1 after 1200 cycles. EIS shows that the electrode has lower resistance and higher ion diffusion rates than the one without LF. The reason could be that LF produces formic acid when it meets sulfuric acid, and the formic acid could clear up the oxide on lead alloy grid as well as basic lead sulfate in the electrode, thus making the conduction network grow better.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Minerals
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 2
·119
·
IF 2.25
Yun Li,Shenghai Yang,Wenrong Lin,Pekka Taskinen,Jing He,Yuejun Wang,Junjie Shi,Yongming Chen,Chaobo Tang,Ari Jokilaakso
A novel and cleaner process for lead and silver recycling from multiple lead-containing wastes, e.g., lead ash, lead sludge, lead slag, and ferric sludge, by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting was proposed. In this process, coke and iron-containing wastes were employed as reductive agent and sulfur-fixing agent, respectively. A Na2CO3-Na2SO4mixture was added as flux. The feasibility of this process was detected from thermodynamic and experimental perspectives. The influence of Fe/SiO2and CaO/SiO2, composition of the molten salt, coke addition, smelting temperature, and smelting time on direct Pb recovery and sulfur-fixation efficiency were investigated. The optimal process conditions were determined as follows:WCoke= 15%WPb wastes,WNa2CO3/WNa2SO4= 0.7/0.3, Fe/SiO2= 1.10, CaO/SiO2= 0.30, smelting temperature 1200 °C, and smelting time 2 h, whereWrepresents weight. Under these optimum conditions, 92.4% Pb and 98.8% Ag were directly recovered in crude lead bullion in one step treatment, and total 98.6% sulfur was fixed. The generation and emissions of SO2can be avoided. The main phases in ferrous matte obtained were FeS, NaFeS2, Fe2Zn3S5, and a little entrained Pb. The slag was a FeO-SiO2-CaO-Na2O quaternary melt.Keywords:SO2-free sulfur fixing smelting;lead recycling;wastes co-treatment and recycling;lead-iron-containing wastes;molten salt;PbO-FeO-SiO2-CaO-Na2O phase diagram
研究领域:
冶金学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2020
·
IF 6.215
Zheqi Lin,Nan Lin,Haibo Lin,Wenli Zhang
Lead-carbon composites are effective additives in lead-carbon negative electrode due to their beneficial influences on the performance of negative electrode of lead-carbon battery operated under high-rate partial-state-of-charge duty. In this paper, to further investigate the effects of the lead monoxide (PbO) deposition ratio of activated carbon (AC) based lead-carbon composite additives, we prepared lead-carbon composites (termed as PbO@AC) with different controllable PbO deposition ratios successfully through a facile coupled chemical-deposition/pyrolysis strategy. The hydrogen evolution reaction of AC and lead-carbon electrode is effectively inhibited through the deposition of PbO. PbO@AC-2 sample with a PbO deposition ratio of 9.9% exhibits the best electrochemical performances when used as the negative electrode additive. The evidently enhanced performances of lead-carbon electrodes, such as rate capability and cycling life under high-rate partial-state-of-charge operation, indicate the beneficial effects of deposited PbO. Particularly, PbO@AC-2 battery exhibits the longest cycling life of more than 10,000 cycles which is 1.956 times that of lead-carbon battery with AC as the negative electrode additive. The improved performances of lead-carbon electrode enabled by PbO@AC-2 originate from both the inhibition of hydrogen evolution reaction and the enhanced electrochemical reversibility of the Pb/PbSO 4 redox reaction . PbO@AC-2 exhibits the best trade-off between inhibiting hydrogen evolution and building extra electrochemical active area for the deposition of Pb.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2023
·
IF 9.8
Qihui Yu,Hao Liu,Guocheng Lv,Xin Liu,Lijuan Wang,Libing Liao
The contamination of heavy metal lead has a serious impact on the natural environment and organisms. Among various materials for lead removal, animal bone derived hydroxyapatite has received extensive attention. However, there are different opinions among researchers regarding the mechanism of lead removal by hydroxyapatite , possibly due to varying initial lead concentrations used in different studies and lack of accuracy in the study of lead removal mechanisms. In present work, we synthesized a carbon-containing hydroxyapatite (CHAP) through pyrolysis of bovine bone with excellent lead removal efficiency, and further investigated the lead removal mechanism of CHAP under high and low initial lead concentrations by combining XRD Rietveld refinement, FTIR, XPS, HRTEM etc. methods. The results showed that under low initial Pb 2+ concentration condition, the main mechanism of lead removal by CHAP was chemical precipitation (94.1 %), with small contributions of lead complexation with carbon functional groups and cation-π interactions on the amorphous carbon in CHAP, and surface adsorption on the precipitates. Under high initial Pb 2+ concentration condition, chemical precipitation remained the main mechanism (74.68 %), but the contributions of the other three mechanisms increased, and ion exchange appeared in the later stage of the removal process. This study provides new insights on the lead immobilization mechanism by CHAP at different initial Pb 2+ concentrations in water.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 6.155
Jinming Hu,Shengyi Yang,Zhenheng Zhang,Hailong Li,Chandrasekar Perumal Veeramalai,Muhammad Sulaman,Muhammad Imran Saleem,Yi Tang,Yurong Jiang,Libin Tang,Bingsuo Zou
Due to their promising applications in foldable displays, optical communication equipment and environmental monitoring systems, flexible and broadband optoelectronic devices have gained extensive attention in recent years. Here, a flexible and broadband photodetector based on CsPbBr 3 /PbSe quantum dot (QD) heterostructures is firstly presented. The integrated QD heterostructures possess consecutive detection range from ultraviolet (UV) to long-wavelength infrared (LW-IR) regions with efficient light absorption and chemical stability, in comparison with the pristine PbSe QDs. Systematic material characterizations reveal the improved exciton dissociation, carrier transport and carrier lifetime of the QD heterostructures. Flexible photodetector Ag/CsPbBr 3 /PbSe/Ag demonstrate a high responsivity of 7.17 A/W with a specific detectivity of 8.97 × 10 12 Jones under 25 μW/cm 2 365 nm illumination at 5 V. Furthermore, it could maintain 91.2 % (or 94.9 %) of its initial performance even after bending for thousands of times (or exposing in ambient air for 4 weeks). More importantly, its response time is shortened more than three orders of magnitude as that of pristine PbSe QDs-based photodetectors. Therefore, it provides a feasible and promising method for the next-generation high-performance broadband photodetectors via constructing heterostructures of various QDs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光电技术
·
纳米科技
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD CONTROL
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Wenjie Lu,Xiaoli Dai,Renqing Yang,Zeyan Liu,Haili Chen,Yanfeng Zhang,Xinai Zhang
Pomegranate is very favored but highly susceptible to lead contamination that threatens consumer health, and thereby it is essential to establish efficient modes to monitor lead level in pomegranate. A specific and sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed for assessing lead pollution in pomegranate based on Pb 2+ -dependent DNAzyme as recognition receptor and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for signal output. Particularly, the used MOFs exhibited Fenton-like catalytic functions toward methylene blue (MB) as electroactive medium. Integrating with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the Fenton-like MOFs showed high sensitivity for electrochemical detection of Pb 2+ in pomegranate. Moreover, benefiting from the specific recognition of DNAzyme to Pb 2+ , the adjustable strategy was achieved, in which the approaching MB led to a higher signal with the absence of Pb 2+ while the detached MB gave rise to a lower signal with the presence of Pb 2+ . With the use of Fenton-like catalytic MOFs driving electrochemical aptasensing interface, this simplified detection pattern was endowed with sensitive assessment of lead pollution level in pomegranate, highlighting its promising potential in evaluating the safety of foodstuffs.
研究领域:
食品安全检测
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环境科学
·
生物传感技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 12.2
Yaxing Ma,Li Chen,Ying Luo,Chuixiu Huang,Xiantao Shen
Lead (Pb) poisoning is estimated to account for 1 % of the global disease burden. The gold standard for diagnosing lead poisoning in human body relies on blood lead level (BLL), which is always performed in hospitals using expensive instruments. However, there are still many countries and regions with a lack of medical resources (without enough professional medical staff and analytical instruments). To achieve a facile diagnosis of lead poisoning by ordinary residents (without any expertise), this study conducted a research study on 810 participants to discover and validate a new lead poisoning indicator (creatinine-corrected urinary lead level, cULL) beyond BLL in non-invasive samples. A point-of-care testing (POCT) device to measure cULL was developed, equipped with liquid-phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction on a paper-based analytical device for on-site separation of lead and creatinine in the urine, using a smartphone for the quantification of analytes. The cULL as a novel indicator and the POCT device developed could be effective in reducing the risk of damage from lead contamination.
研究领域:
环境健康
·
分析化学
·
即时诊断
·
公共卫生
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2025
·
IF 7.5
Yuan-Hui Liu,Jiu Chen,Zhan-Jun Yang,Guang-Ling Chen,Peng-Cheng Xi,Hao-Tian Zhou,Mi Li,Li-Feng Xie,Dan Zhang
5-Aminotetrazole (5AT)/strontium nitrate (Sr(NO 3 ) 2 ), as a novel energetic material and low-emission nitrogen-rich fuel, has been extensively applied to the formulations of solid propellant gas generators (SPGGs) fire extinguishing technology due to its advantageous physicochemical characteristics. However, the shortcomings of high combustion temperature and low burning rate of this energetic material formulation of 5AT/Sr(NO 3 ) 2 restrict its further application and development in SPGGs fire extinguishing technology. To address these existing problems and enhance its combustion behaviors, lead carbonate salts (lead carbonate or basic lead carbonate) are incorporated as combustion modifiers in this study, and systematically investigates the effects of these two modifiers on its thermal decomposition and combustion behaviors. The results show that after adding them, the samples all exhibit three pyrolysis stages. Since the additives exhibit incomplete thermal decomposition during the initial stage, they show little catalytic effect on the first pyrolysis stage, and the catalytic effects are mainly reflected in the latter two stages. In addition, both additives show good cooling effects, significantly reducing the combustion temperature of propellant. The maximum burning rate of the samples with additives is higher than that of 5AT/Sr(NO 3 ) 2 , and the samples with 2PbCO 3 •Pb(OH) 2 demonstrates the superior burn rate over the samples with PbCO 3 . The findings establish both mechanistic understanding and practical guidelines for optimizing 5AT/Sr(NO 3 ) 2 propellant formulations in SPGG fire suppression systems.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）