CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2022
·
IF 16.744
Xiaoping Liu,Yunbo Zhai,Zhixiang Xu,Liming Liu,Wanying Ren,Yu Xie,Caiting Li,Yun Zhu,Min Xu
The high water content of sewage sludge increases the processing costs and hampers its further disposal. Fenton technology has proven to be efficient and been widely used to enhance sludge dewaterability, but it usually needs acidification and subsequent neutralization, thus consuming a lot of chemicals. It’s well documented that hydroxyl radicals produced in various Fenton or Fenton-like reactions play a crucial role in sludge dewatering. Based on the latest study, Cu + and Cu + /H 2 O 2 pretreatments for the enhanced dewaterability of sludge without extra pH adjustment were proposed. Results showed that Cu + with and without H 2 O 2 can significantly improve the dewatering performance of sludge, which was ascertained by a capillary suction time (CST) reduction rate of about 80 %. The proteins and polysaccharides in tightly-bound extracellular polymeric substance (TB-EPS) were decreased, while increased in soluble extracellular polymeric substance (S-EPS). In addition, a hydrophobic and porous surface was formed, and zeta potential increased after conditioned. These changes may release bound water and thus improve sludge dewaterability. The results of electron spin resonance and scavenging tests signaled that the Cu 3+ was mainly accountable for the dissolution of EPS, rather than the hydroxyl radicals ( OH). Our results substantiate and untangle a distinct reinforcement mechanisms for sludge dewatering by high valent copper (Cu 3+ ). This study demonstrates for the first time that Cu 3+ plays an important role in sludge dewatering, which has long been credited to hydroxyl radicals. It also urges re-evaluation of the Fenton(-like) system for sludge dewatering, given that Cu 3+ could also cause potential oxidative destruction of EPS compared with reactive oxygen species.
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JOM
·
2022
·Vol. 75
·期 5
·1515-1529
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IF 2.597
Ge Yang,Liu Zhihong,Yu Zhiqian,Wang Huanwen,Lu Xingwu,Zhang Leru,Xia Longgong
The present study focused on the Cu-Pb system and investigating the distribution behaviors of various minor elements through the equilibration-quenching-EPMA analysis experimental technique. Obtained results showed that: (1) An intermetallic compound consisting mainly of Cu-Pb-Se-Te formed below 956°C. (2) As, Sb and Sn had similar distribution behaviors, which mainly entered the solid Cu phase at the temperature range of 500–900°C, but became concentrated in the liquid alloy phase at temperature range of 900–1060°C, and their distribution ratios increased along with increasing temperature. (3) Bi was mainly found in the liquid alloy phase, and its distribution ratio ranged from 6.8 to 836.5 at the experimental conditions. (4) Se and Te formed an intermetallic alloy phase under 900°C, and they enriched in the liquid alloy phase between 960°C and 1060°C. (5) Au was mainly found in the solid Cu phase at the temperature range of 500–900°C, and its distribution ratio was about 1.5 at 900–1060°C. The distribution ratio of Ag decreased from 8.7 to 2.3 when increasing the temperature from 500°C to 1060°C. Distribution behavior of As, Sb, Bi and Sn is consistent with their interfacial enthalpies with Cu and Pb.
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PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
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2023
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IF 7.8
Peng Xu,Zhuoyu Yang,Xin Liu,Pengfei Zhu
Zero-valent copper (ZVC) coupled with oxygen gas (O 2 ) was extensively studied to degrade refractory contaminant, while the active dismutation reaction and low reactivity of Cu(I) refrained the performance at acid condition. In this study, ferrous ion (Fe(II)) was added to the ZVC/O 2 system (ZVC/Fe(II)/O 2 system) to enhance the degradation ability, the degradation rate of acid orange 7 in the ZVC/Fe(II)/O 2 system was enhanced by 34.8% compared to the ZVC/O 2 system, and the corresponding apparent rate constant was almost three times higher than that of the ZVC/O 2 system. In the reactive species identification experiments, by electron spin resonance experiments and quenching experiments of nitrobenzene , tert butyl alcohol and methanol, hydroxyl radical was proven as primary reactive oxygen species rather than high-valent metal-Cu(III). In addition, the optimum ZVC dosage, Fe(II) concentration, pH and stirring rate were derived based on optimization experiments combined with economic applicability. In the ZVC/Fe(II)/O 2 system, the mechanism was analyzed by detecting the variation of the concentration of H 2 O 2 , Cu(I) and total dissolved copper in the solution. In the degradation process , ZVC was corroded to form Cu(I) by H + , then Cu(I) reacted with O 2 to generate hydrogen peroxide, the generated hydrogen peroxide was induced by Fe(II) and Cu(I) to produce hydroxyl radical, at the same time, ZVC and Cu(I) could reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II). The coexisting substances like carbonate ion , nitrate ion, sulfate ion and phosphate ion did not affect the demineralization of acid orange 7 in the ZVC/Fe(II)/O 2 system, chloride ion remarkably accelerated the degradation rate of acid orange 7, while fulvic acid limited the acid orange 7 removal. The ZVC/Fe(II)/O 2 system also showed excellent degradability in well water, lake water and tap water . Total dissolved copper concentration was controlled within 1 mg/L by the alkali precipitation method, which was within II-level environmental quality criteria in China. These facts suggested that Fe(II)-enhanced ZVC system had great development potential in water treatment .
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2023
·Vol. 34
·期 6
·1-8
·
IF 2.8
Xue Lisha,Wang Yuan,Zhu Shuangmei,Mao Qianhui,Jia Xiaopeng,Zhang Yuewen
We have synthesized the quaternary copper selenide Bi x Cu 2−3 x Se 0.95 Te 0.05 compounds by high-pressure followed with ball milling method and investigated their thermoelectric properties. The crystal structure and element doping are characterized and verified by the X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Compared with other samples, the samples with x = 0.001 and 0.002 have larger layered grain size and smaller grain boundary. This may lead to the reduction of resistivity in a wide temperature range, thus realizing the optimization of electronic characteristics. The dislocation-induced lattice strain fluctuations may cause the abrupt thermal conductivity, which is contrary to the previous results. Eventually, a peak value of zT = 1.03 at 873 K is obtained for Bi 0.001 Cu 1.997 Se 0.95 Te 0.05 and Bi 0.002 Cu 1.994 Se 0.95 Te 0.05 .
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Catalysts
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 2
·291
·
IF 3.9
Huancong Shi,Xulei Yao,Shijian Lu,Yuanhui Zuo,Tao Zheng,Liangquan Jia
Sulfamethoxazole is a widely—used antibiotic with high water solubility and low biodegradability, which was considered a refractory environmental pollutant. Hence, a series of functionalized hybrids uniting Cu3P with TiN were prepared. The Cu3P/TiN—x composites remarkably removed the sulfamethoxazole in solution compared with Cu3P and TiN alone. All the as—prepared Cu3P/TiN—x hybrids integrated the advantages of strong adsorption and photocatalysis and achieved removal rates above 70% of sulfamethoxazole. Among the composites, the Cu3P/TiN—2 with a 1:1 molar ratio of Cu: Ti reached a 90% removal rate under dark adsorption for 30 min and subsequent photodegradation for 120 min. The enhanced performance of the Cu3P/TiN—x composites is attributed to the introduced flocculent TiN with a large specific surface area and high conductivity that provide more reactive sites and high electron transferability. Meanwhile, the strong corrosion resistance and chemical stability were also beneficial to the improved performance. Cycling experiments further demonstrate the stability and reliability of the composites. In addition, the capture experiments indicated that the superoxide radical (·O2−) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) played a major role in sulfamethoxazole degradation.Keywords:Cu3P/TiN;plasmonic photocatalyst;sulfamethoxazole;photodegradation
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Petroleum Science
·
2022
·
IF 4.757
Guo-Qing Xu,Xiu-Ping Lan,Si-Si Zhao,Kai-Yi Hu,Si-Meng Qi,Li-Dong Geng,Quan Xu,Yang Zhou
The in situ mining technology is applied to the exploitation of medium- and low-maturity shale oil, which can use heaters to warm up the oil shale formations and pyrolyze the kerogen. Due to the low thermal conductivity of oil shale, electric heaters need extra equipment to improve heat transfer efficiency. In this study, a thermally conductive proppant is fabricated by coating epoxy-resin and graphite on ceramic proppants for the first time, which could support the fracturing crack and transfer heat. The thermal conduction property of epoxy-resin and graphite coated proppants (EGPs) is 245% higher than that of uncoated proppants, which can transfer more heat to the oil shale formation and accelerate the conversion of kerogen. The adhesive property of EGPs is improved by 47.9% under the load force of 1500 nN, which prolongs the time for the fracture to close. In summary, this novel proppant is expected to assist in-situ mining technology in the production of medium and low-maturity shale oil.
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2022
·
IF 9.221
Kaiqi Liu,Luminita Marin,Xinjian Cheng
In this work, fluorescent β- cyclodextrin (β-CD) based probes containing naphthalimide group were synthesized to realize the specific recognition of Hg 2+ /Hg + in aqueous system. Firstly, three small fluorescent molecules (N1, N2 and N3) with -NH 2 groups were synthesized from 4-bromo-1, 8-naphthalene anhydride . Secondly, CH CCH 2 - group was introduced into β-CD by Williamson ether formation reaction. Finally, the target probes (β-CD-PI, β-CD-PY and β-CD-TP) were obtained by Amino-Yne click reaction. These probes can efficiently recognize Hg 2+ /Hg + . β-CD-PI emits bright yellow fluorescence after binding with Hg 2+ /Hg + , which is a turn-on fluorescent probe . When the Hg 2+ /Hg + concentration exceeds 26 μM, the fluorescence intensity amplifies sharply (20 folds). The hydrophobic parts of the probes aggregated together to form a micelle-like structure due to complexation with Hg 2+ /Hg + , resulting in special micelle-sensitizing properties. Meanwhile, the HOMO-LUMO energy levels of the probes were calculated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The probe is expected to be used for the detection of Hg 2+ /Hg + in aqueous solutions without any organic solvents.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Junjie Fu,Afei Zhang,Dongxing Kou,Zewen Xiao,Wenhui Zhou,Zhengji Zhou,Shengjie Yuan,Yafang Qi,Zhi Zheng,Sixin Wu
One important issue limiting the development of Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) solar cells is the severe recombination loss at CZTSSe/Mo(S,Se) 2 /Mo back contact, primarily arising from the non-matched potential barrier and inferior electric contact between absorber and weak n -type Mo(S,Se) 2 interfacial layer. It is expected that a p-type Mo(S,Se) 2 can effectively improve the hole extraction and enhance the device performance. In this work, we propose a plausible direction to build up an electrically benign back surface field by in-situ doping Mo(S,Se) 2 with group VB elements (TM = V, Nb and Ta). It is turned out that the generated V Mo , Nb Mo , or Ta Mo shallow acceptors could convert Mo(S,Se) 2 from weak n -type to p-type conductivity and increase its work function ( W F ) and hole concentration. With the contact of p-type absorber ( W F,absorber < W F,Mo(S,Se)₂ ), a benign ohmic contact with favorable downward band bending is formed, thereby accelerating the holes extraction and minimizing interface recombination loss. With significant gains in open-circuit voltage ( V oc ) and fill factor (FF), the Mo(S,Se) 2 :Ta device finally increases the efficiency from 10.82 % to 12.72 %. This convenient in-situ Mo(S,Se) 2 doping strategy is different from previous complicated or unstable cases and should serve as a basis for high-quality back contact engineering in kesterite photovoltaics.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 7.7
Xin Liu,Peng Xu,Zhuoyu Yang,Pengfei Zhu,Jingwei Ma,Qiulai He,Baolin Hou
Zero-valent copper (Cu(0))-triggered hydrogen peroxide (Cu(0)/H 2 O 2 ) process was used to eliminate and mineralize contamination, while its oxidation efficacy was limited by the reaction of Cu(I) with O 2 . In this study, ferric ion (Fe(III)) was spiked into the Cu(0)/H 2 O 2 (Fe(III)/Cu(0)/H 2 O 2 ) system, and the degradation rate of paracetamol decreased from 24.9% to 95.4%. In the Fe(III)/Cu(0)/H 2 O 2 system, the reaction of Cu(0) and Cu(I) with Fe(III) expedited the conversion from Fe(III) to Fe(II). The reaction of Cu(I) with O 2 was weakened by the competition reaction between Cu(I) and Fe(III), promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species and increasing the utilization of Cu(0). The main reactive oxygen species for pH 4.0 was •OH and Fe(IV) with the contribution rate of •OH and Fe(IV) being 92.3% and 7.7%, but the dominant reactive oxygen species at pH 3.0 was only •OH in the Fe(III)/Cu(0)/H 2 O 2 process. Especially, the contribution of Fe(IV) rose and the contribution of •OH decreased, when the concentrations of 20–80 μmol/L Fe(III), 0.05–0.3 g/L Cu(0) and 50–300 μmol/L H 2 O 2 incremented. In the Fe(III)/Cu(0)/H 2 O 2 process.After we increased the pH of end solution to 7.0/7.5/8.0 and leaching, the total copper in reaction solution was under 6.4/3.3/1.5 μmol/L. In addition, Ni(II) (57.7%), Fe(II) (100%) and Mn(II) (72.4%) obviously enhanced the degradation of paracetamol in the Cu(0)/H 2 O 2 process.
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TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
·
2023
·
IF 6.2
Hongming Wei,Gangwen Feng,Xiaoya Li,Wenyi Zhan,Feiyang Li,Yanzhang Dai,Jianpeng Zou
Cu/graphite composites are widely used in various fields as friction materials . However, their tribological properties are limited by the inadequate wettability between Cu and graphite and the insufficient strength of the Cu matrix. To strengthen Cu/graphite composites and improve their interface bonding, this investigation employed Cr 2 AlC to modify Cu/graphite composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The microstructure, interface characteristics, and tribological properties of the composites were thoroughly examined. The results show that the composites exhibit favorable tribological properties, which improved with the increase in sintering temperature . Specifically, as the sintering temperature increases from 800 °C to 980 °C, the friction coefficient of the composites decreases from 0.170 to 0.138, while the wear rate decreases from 9.92 × 10 −7 mm 3 /N·m to 1.86 × 10 −7 mm 3 /N·m.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Xin Liu,Peng Xu,Pengfei Zhu,Zhuoyu Yang,Ruoxi Wu,Baolin Hou
Zero-valent copper-triggered hydrogen peroxide (Cu 0 /H 2 O 2 ) process was widely used for the degradation of pollutants, while its oxidation efficacy was restrained by the interaction of Cu + with O 2 as well as the dismutation of Cu + . In this study, both ferric ion (Fe 3+ ) and chloride ion (Cl − ) were introduced into the Cu 0 /H 2 O 2 (Fe 3+ /Cl − /Cu 0 /H 2 O 2 ) system, and the removal of acetaminophen was immensely enhanced. In the Fe 3+ /Cl − /Cu 0 /H 2 O 2 , Fe 3+ was converted to Fe 2+ via the reaction of Fe 3+ with Cu 0 and Cu + , and the reaction between Cu + and Fe 3+ receded the reaction of Cu + with O 2 , promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species; Cl − integrated with Cu + to form the Cu-Cl chelate, and Cl − helped the comproportionation of Cu 0 and Cu 2+ to form CuCl, which decreased the reaction of Cu + with O 2 and promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species. Both the addition of Fe 3+ and Cl − in the Cu 0 /H 2 O 2 process greatly improved the utilization of Cu 0 . •OH, Various reactive oxygen species such as •OH, Fe IV O 2+ and reactive chlorine species were identified in the Fe 3+ /Cl − /Cu 0 /H 2 O 2 process. There into, Fe 2+ stimulated H 2 O 2 to form •OH and Fe IV O 2+ , and Cu + triggered H 2 O 2 to form •OH rather than Cu 3+ , and partial •OH was transferred to reactive chlorine species via the interaction of •OH with Cl − . After increasing the solution pH to > 7.0 and leaching solution, the total copper of reaction solution was below 0.455 mg/L. These results suggested that the Fe 3+ /Cl − /Cu 0 /H 2 O 2 process was feasible, effective and environmentally safe, and the research offered a theory instruction for the application of Fe 3+ and Cl − -enhanced Cu 0 /H 2 O 2 process in pollutants decomposition.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Peng Xu,Pengfei Zhu,Zhuoyu Yang,Xin Liu,Ruoxi Wu,Baolin Hou
The Cu 0 -stimulated PDS system, which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) to decompose environmental pollutants, has been widely studied. Although Cu + is produced in the Cu 0 -stimulated PDS system, its susceptibility to disproportionate and easy oxidized by O 2 must be considered. To improve the utilization of Cu + , Cl − and Fe 3+ were considered for strengthening the Cu 0 -stimulated PDS process. With the addition of Cl − and Fe 3+ in the Cu 0 -stimulated PDS system (Cl − /Fe 3+ /Cu 0 /PDS system), the decomposition of tetracycline was greatly increased within 8 min. In the Cl − /Fe 3+ /Cu 0 /PDS system, Cl − limited the disproportionation reaction of Cu + by promoting Cu 0 and Cu 2+ reaction with Cl − and increased Cu + utilization rate. Fe 3+ promoted the recycling of Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ and contributed to reducing the invalid oxidation of Cu + by O 2 . Sulfate radical, reactive chlorine species and hydroxyl radical were generated in the Cl − /Fe 3+ /Cu 0 /PDS system. NO 3 − and SO 4 2− had no influence on decomposing tetracycline in the Cl − /Fe 3+ /Cu 0 /PDS system, but humic acid inhibited tetracycline decomposition. Moreover, the Cl − /Fe 3+ /Cu 0 /PDS system had great performance on the experimental water samples with the removal rate of tetracycline was higher than 80%. Furthermore, when the final solution pH was adjusted to 8.0, only 0.88 mg/L total dissolved copper remained after precipitation and filtering.
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