Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
·
2023
·Vol. 9
·期 3
·1253-1266
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IF 2.4
Huang Jingdong,Li Guangqiang,Yang Xiao
Natural Zn reserves might be exhausted in the following decades. Electric arc furnace (EAF) dust is an essential secondary Zn resource. The recovery of Zn from EAF dust is a critical factor in the sustainable development of the Zn industry and steelmaking industry. Efficient destruction of the ZnFe 2 O 4 crystal structure and separation of Zn and Fe are the key issues to recycle EAF dust. Molten metal chlorides are believed to be effective in breaking the structure of ZnFe 2 O 4 . This work clarifies the distinct reaction behavior between ZnFe 2 O 4 and MgCl 2 or CaCl 2 . Experiments show that although MgCl 2 is a more powerful chlorinating agent, the capability of separating Zn and Fe is not as good as that of CaCl 2 . Fast and selective chlorination of Zn from ZnFe 2 O 4 happens by reacting ZnFe 2 O 4 and MgCl 2 –CaCl 2 mixture. CaCl 2 facilitates the formation of stable Fe-bearing phases, such as MgFe 2 O 4 and Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5 , thereby inhibiting the chlorination of Fe. Moreover, it becomes more effective in promoting the selectivity of chlorinating Zn by increasing temperature after adding CaCl 2 in MgCl 2 . When ZnFe 2 O 4 is subjected to chlorination using a MgCl 2 –CaCl 2 mixture (MgCl 2 –CaCl 2 –ZnFe 2 O 4 molar ratio = 1.5:1.5:1) at 950 °C for 120 min, the process results in a chlorination percentage of over 90% for Zn, with Fe chlorination percentage lower than 5%. These results demonstrate the prospect of efficient separation of Zn from ZnFe 2 O 4 by reaction with molten MgCl 2 –CaCl 2 mixture. Graphical Abstract
研究领域:
冶金工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
·
2018
·
IF 3.771
Siyu Zhou,Yan Zhou,Ziye Ling,Zhengguo Zhang,Xiaoming Fang
MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O is a promising inorganic phase change material (PCM) with abundant resources from salt lakes, while its wide applications are greatly hampered by the drawbacks of phase separation, supercooling and corrosivity, inherent in hydrated salts. Herein a novel expanded graphite (EG) based composite PCM containing MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O was explored, which involved modifying EG for increasing its hydrophilicity, compressing the modified EG (MEG) into round blocks, and immersing the blocks into melted MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O. The optimal mass ratio of TX-100 to EG and the favorable packing density of the MEG block are determined to be around 0.06 and 350 kg/m 3 , at which the adsorptive capacity of the modified EG block reaches 80% for MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O, larger than 73% of the unmodified one. The as-prepared MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O/MEG composite block, which consists of 80.1% of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O, 1.1% of TX-100, and 18.8% of EG, maintains a similar melting point to that of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O, and its latent heat is as high as 116.7 J/g. Furthermore, the supercooling degree of the composite block is found to be around 1.3 °C, much less than 11.2 °C of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O. The thermal conductivity of the composite block is about 7.7 times as large as that of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O. And the composite exhibits a decrease only by 2.7% in phase change enthalpy after 500 thermal cycles, much lower than 41.7% for MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O. These good thermal characteristics make the MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O/MEG composite PCM show great potentials in practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2022
·
IF 10.383
Yichao Zhuang,Dongzheng Wu,Fei Wang,Yaoqi Xu,Jing Zeng,Jinbao Zhao
The development of high-voltage Mg metal batteries is hampered by the incompatibility between a Mg metal anode and conventional electrolyte, leading to a high overpotential for Mg plating/stripping processes. In this work, we tailored a hybrid functional layer consisting of Bi/MgCl2/polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) by an in situ THF polyreaction during the reaction of the Mg anode with BiCl3 solution. The introduction of PTHF inhibits the growth of Bi particles and fills the layer interstice with MgCl2-containing PTHF, improving the structural integrity of the functional layer and insulation between the electrolyte and Mg anode. As a result, compared to a simply modified Bi/MgCl2 layer, the Bi/MgCl2/PTHF functional layer exhibits a lower polarization voltage of 0.25 V and longer cycling life of more than 2000 h at 0.1 mA cm–2. Mechanism analysis shows that Mg is plated on the surface of Bi particles within the layer. The Mo6S8/Mg full battery with the hybrid functional layer achieved a low voltage hysteresis of ∼0.25 V and long cycling life over 500 cycles at 50 mA g–1. This work provides a facile and effective hybrid functional layer strategy to realize Mg metal batteries in conventional electrolytes.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
·
2025
·Vol. 35
·期 11
·3919-3932
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IF 4.7
Jia ZHAO,Zhi-tao SONG,Gui-min LU
The alloying process of Mg-La in NaCl-KCl-MgCl 2 -LaCl 3 (NKML) melts during electroreduction was elucidated using electrochemical techniques and deep potential molecular dynamics (DPMD) simulations. In the NKML system, the Mg 2+ /La 3+ electrodeposition on the tungsten (W) electrode at 973 K was found to be a one-step process. The nucleation of metal ions on the electrode surface followed an instantaneous nucleation mode and was not influenced by the alloying process. The redox potential and underpotential deposition behavior of the metal ions in the NKML system were accurately predicted by the DPMD simulations, confirming the alloying process of the Mg-La. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis results confirmed that the cathodic deposits consisted of a bright phase and a dark phase, corresponding to the Mg-La alloys and Mg, respectively. The distribution of electrolytic products suggests that the cathodic deposit initially favors the Mg phase, with the Mg-La alloy forming more easily when the Mg source in the melt is depleted.
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
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熔盐化学
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计算材料学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2018
·Vol. 71
·期 6
·416-421
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IF 1.059
Ouyang Dong,Zhihong Zhang,Zhenhai Fu,Xiang Li
A new phase-change material (PCM) CaCl2·6H2O + MgCl2·6H2O + NH4Cl was investigated in this paper. MgCl2·6H2O and NH4Cl were mixed with CaCl2·6H2O to obtain CaCl2·6H2O as a eutectic hydrate salt. The results show that the eutectic composition of the PCM is as follows: 90 wt- % CaCl2·6H2O, 6.25 wt- % MgCl2·6H2O and 3.75 wt- % NH4Cl; the undercooling degree is less than 1.5°C when the nucleating agent is 2 wt- % SrCl2·6H2O or 1.5 wt- % Ba(OH)2·8H2O. The phase-change temperature and latent heat are respectively 25.3°C and 144.3 J g−1 when the composition is 90 wt- % CaCl2·6H2O, 6.25 wt- % MgCl2·6H2O, 3.75 wt- %, NH4Cl, with 2 wt- % SrCl2·6H2O as nucleating agent, and 2 wt- % carboxymethyl cellulose as thickener. In addition, when the composition is changed to 90 wt- % CaCl2·6H2O, 6.25 wt- % MgCl2·6H2O, 3.75 wt- % NH4Cl, 1.5 wt- % Ba(OH)2·8H2O and 2 wt- % carboxymethyl cellulose, the phase change temperature and latent heat are 25.2°C and 139.3 J g−1, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
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热能存储
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 53
·期 4
·2634-2646
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IF 2.872
Huang Jingdong,Sohn Il,Kang Youngjo,Yang Xiao
Earth’s commercial and affordable zinc reserves are expected to be depleted in less than 50 years. Since electric arc furnace (EAF) dust contains a certain amount of Zn, recovery of Zn from EAF dust has become an important issue to assure a sustainable resource supply in the future. The key technical challenge is that Zn mainly occurs in EAF dust as ZnFe 2 O 4 , a very stable crystal which is difficult to reduce or leach. MgCl 2 is believed to be effective in breaking the structure of ZnFe 2 O 4 . This work investigates the fundamentals of the reaction between MgCl 2 and ZnFe 2 O 4 . Experiments show that Zn in ZnFe 2 O 4 is chlorinated to ZnCl 2 quickly with priority over Fe, implying the efficacy of MgCl 2 in separating Zn and Fe in ZnFe 2 O 4 by selective chlorination. Effects of MgCl 2 /ZnFe 2 O 4 molar ratio and temperature on the reaction are clarified. Overuse of MgCl 2 slows down the reaction and is detrimental to the selective chlorination of Zn. Temperature can effectively increase the reaction rate as well as the priority of chlorinating Zn. Utilization of MgCl 2 could be high, because evaporation of MgCl 2 is not as fast as the reaction with ZnFe 2 O 4 . According to these results, a new technology to recover Zn from EAF dust by using MgCl 2 is proposed.
研究领域:
冶金工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2022
·
IF 4.326
Qianbin Ni,Mei Chen,Yuming Chen,Wei Li,Qi Zhou,Jincheng Dai,Shuyao Ye,Binbo Jiang,Jingdai Wang,Yongrong Yang
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoaggregates can serve as a modifier of the MgCl2-supported Z-N catalyst, thus controlling the polymerization behavior and modifying the microstructure of the synthesized polymer. In this study, a series of POSS-modified MgCl2-supported Z-N catalysts were explored to reveal the relationship between the entanglement formation of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and the adhesive effect control of hydroxy groups in POSSs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and CO in situ FTIR low-temperature adsorption technology were employed to investigate the catalytic surface structure. It was evidenced that POSSs can coordinate with the MgCl2 (110) plane, acting as adhesive of a cage structure to be in situ embedded into the MgCl2-based support. Therefore, the loaded TiCl4 active sites were isolated in the molecular scale on the MgCl2-based support and the entanglements were greatly suppressed thereof. The ″adhesion effect″ of the MgCl2 support can be controlled by adjusting the type (i.e., hydroxyl content) of POSS introduced, thereby suppressing entanglements to a greater extent. The MgCl2 support modified with POSS with no hydroxy groups endowed it with the optimum entanglement reduction effect. As a consequence, the as-synthesized polyethylene exhibits an overall promotion of the impact resistance (+14.1%), tensile strength (+13.9%), Young’s modulus (+16.8%), and break elongation (+10.5%), compared to those of UHMWPE synthesized from the POSS-free catalyst. In addition, the POSS-modified MgCl2-based catalyst shows more stable catalytic activity and responsiveness of molecular weight with hydrogen modulation, which exhibits great prospects of industrial application in polyethylene production.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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催化化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2022
·Vol. 15
·期 12
·4242
·
IF 3.748
Xishi Wu,Qing Huang,Yunzhou Zhu,Zhengren Huang
In this study, the joining of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics was achieved via a Si–C reaction bonding method using the phenolic resin (PF)–MgCl2system as the carbon precursor. Specifically, by adding MgCl2to the phenolic resin mixture, the average pore size of the product of carbonization of the PF resin mixture increased from 14 ± 5 nm to 524 ± 21 nm, which was beneficial for the infiltration of molten silicon at high temperature. The microstructure of the joined specimens and the effect of the inert filler on the joint strength were investigated. It was demonstrated that SiC–SiC joints with strong interfacial bonding and high flexural strength could be obtained by the Si–C reaction bonding method using a phenol formaldehyde resin/alcohol sol-gel system as the carbon precursor. The flexural strength of the joined specimens reached the highest value, i.e., 308 ± 27 MPa when the solid loading of the inert filler was 26%. Overall, stable joining of silicon carbide ceramics was achieved by the proposed method, which has significance for realizing the preparation of complex-shaped or large silicon carbide ceramic parts.Keywords:SiC ceramic;joining technology;MgCl2;phenolic resin/alcohol carbon precursor;grains and interfaces
研究领域:
材料科学
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陶瓷工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2020
·
IF 7.632
Xiaojuan Zhang,Edouard Asselin,Zhibao Li
The precipitation of CaCO3 and its kinetics for the CaCl2–CO2–Mg(OH)2–H2O system were systematically studied to develop a novel process for eliminating solid and liquid waste from the Solvay soda process. The effects of operating conditions including temperature, CaCl2 concentration, flow rate of CO2, and stirring speed on the reaction kinetics were experimentally determined. The results revealed that low temperature, high CO2 flow rate, and fast stirring speed can accelerate the reaction rate, and the mass transfer of CO2 is the controlling step. An MSMPR crystallizer was used to obtain the experimental crystal size distribution (CSD). A simplified population balance equation (PBE) was used to correlate the parameters on the basis of supersaturation. The soda solid and liquid wastes discharged from the Solvay industry were used as raw material to test the new process and validate the methodology. The precipitated CaCO3 consists of calcite or aragonite with high purity and uniform CSD. A double-effect evaporative-cooling crystallization process to recover MgCl2·6H2O and NaCl was simulated with help of Aspen plus and the electrolyte-NRTL (ELENRTL) model, suggesting economic benefits.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2024
·Vol. 17
·期 12
·2904
·
IF 3.1
Xin Yang,Kaihua Li,Jun Li,Zhuo Sheng,Ying Liu
In this work, the preparation of titanium sponge by magnesium thermal method is regarded as the liquid-phase sintering process of titanium, and powder-metallurgy sintering technology is utilized to simulate the aggregation–growth and densification behavior of titanium particles in a high-temperature liquid medium (the molten Mg-MgCl2system). It was found that compared with MgCl2, Mg has better high-temperature wettability and reduction effect, which promotes titanium particles to form a sponge titanium skeleton at lower temperature. The aggregation degree of titanium particles and the densification degree of a sponge titanium skeleton can be improved by increasing the temperature and the relative content of Mg in the melting medium. The kinetics study shows that with the increase in temperature, the porosity of the titanium particle aggregates and the sponge titanium skeleton decreases, and their density growth rate increases. With the extension of time, the aggregation degree of titanium particles and the densification degree of sponge titanium gradually increase. This work provides a theoretical reference for controlling the density of titanium sponge in industry.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Energy Materials
·
2026
·Vol. 6
·期 2
·N
·
IF 11.9
Yonghao Liu,Hui Deng,Qiqiang Zhu,Changbiao Peng,Yunfeng Lai,Jionghua Wu,Peijie Lin,Weihuang Wang,Shuying Cheng
Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) solar cells exhibit significant potential in tandem and indoor photovoltaic applications. The quality of cadmium sulfide (CdS)/Sb2S3 heterojunction, affected by energy-level misalignments and lattice-mismatch defects, is crucial for achieving high-performance devices. Herein, we propose a MgCl2-CdCl2 mixed treatment strategy for the CdS/Sb2S3 interface to suppress interfacial recombination caused by defects and energy band offsets. The obtained preferentially [100]-oriented CdS film effectively mitigates lattice mismatch and induces the subsequent hydrothermal deposition of a well-crystallized, vertically oriented Sb2S3 absorber. The MgCl2-CdCl2 mixed treatment introduces Mg2+ doping in the CdS layer, achieving an enhanced surface potential and well-matched interfacial energy band alignments. The CdS/Sb2S3 heterojunction interface forms a spike-type energy band structure with a small conduction band offset. Compared with the conventional CdCl2 treatment, the MgCl2-CdCl2 mixed-treated device exhibits a stronger built-in electric field (1.31 V) and low-temperature activation energy (1.63 eV), indicating the suppression of carrier recombination. Consequently, the champion Sb2S3 solar cells achieve an improved efficiency from 7.5% to 8.1%. This heterojunction treatment strategy is expected to provide an effective method for fabricating high-performance inorganic thin film solar cells.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
·
2024
·
IF 11.2
Jingdong Huang,Xiao Yang
Natural Zn reserves may be exhausted in the coming decades. Electric arc furnace (EAF) dust is an essential secondary Zn resource. However, the traditional methods for separating Zn from EAF dust are plagued by high energy consumption, large carbon emissions, and severe environmental pollution, which hinder sustainable development. To address these challenges, a novel technology using molten MgCl 2 has been proposed. Under an air atmosphere at 1000°C, the chlorination percentage of Zn can exceed 97%. The ZnCl 2 content in the volatile products can reach up to 85 mass%, with minor impurities consisting mainly of PbCl 2 , KCl, and NaCl. Molten salt electrolysis experiments indicate that removing Pb 2+ and Fe 3+ ions and subsequently preparing metallic Zn is feasible. With its streamlined process, characterized by high efficiency and low energy consumption, this technology offers a clean and sustainable solution for metal recovery from EAF dust.
研究领域:
冶金工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）