ACS Applied Polymer Materials
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2021
·
IF 4.089
Yanzi Ke,Xiangyu Yang,Qian Chen,Junqi Xue,Zhijian Song,Yuehong Zhang,Samy A. Madbouly,Ying Luo,Mei Li,Qingwen Wang,Chaoqun Zhang
The development of multifunctional polymeric materials from renewable resources is of foremost significance from a sustainable development perspective. In this work, a biobased epoxy monomer (EHCPP) with hard core structures and multi-arms was prepared from cardanol with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, followed by epoxidation with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA). Then, the epoxy polymer networks were prepared via the curing process of EHCPP with four thiol monomers of different thiol groups. The mechanical and thermomechanical properties, thermal stability, solvent resistance, recyclability characteristics, and optical behavior of the cardanol-based epoxy resins were systematically investigated. The results showed that four epoxy resins (EHCPP-2SH, EHCPP-3SH, EHCPP-4SH, and EHCPP-BDB) not only exhibited excellent solvent resistance in 10 wt % aqueous solutions of NaOH, HCl, and NaCl but also showed intrinsic fluorescence, while only the EHCPP-BDB epoxy resin showed phosphorescence behavior. Recyclability was observed in the EHCPP-BDB polymer network due to the presence of dynamic reversible boron ester bonds. These cardanol-based epoxy-thiol polymer networks open a pathway to explore potential biomass resources for high-performance multifunctional materials as a replacement for petroleum-based thermosets in various industrial applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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可持续发展
·
化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2018
·Vol. 53
·期 15
·10784-10797
·
IF 2.993
Bo Caiying,Hu Lihong,Chen Yong,Yang Xiaohui,Zhang Meng,Zhou Yonghong
A novel phosphorus-containing cardanol (PCC) derived from cardanol—a renewable meta -substituted phenol and harmful by-product of the cashew industry—in combination with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) was used to produce bio-based phenolic foams (PFs). The properties of the PFs were then characterized in detail. The PCC was fully characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), while the thermal degradation was studied and monitored by thermogravimetry coupled to FTIR (TGA/FTIR) and TGA coupled with mass spectrometry (TGA/MS). It was found that PCC exhibited high thermal stability. The total heat release, peak heat release rate and mean heat release rate of PF containing 4% PCC decreased by 13.55, 33.43 and 13.42%, respectively, in comparison with pristine PF. The enhanced flame-retardant behavior was attributed to the free radicals PO· produced during combustion, which captured free radicals in the gas phase; moreover, the phosphaphenanthrene group may create a char residue barrier against the further combustion of the polymer. Meanwhile, bio-based PFs showed excellent mechanical properties, as the compressive and flexural strength of PF with 4% PCC increased by 79.59 and 20.98%, respectively, in comparison with pristine PF. The pulverization ratio of bio-based PFs was reduced with the increase in PCC content. The findings in this study demonstrate that PCC could be used as a phenol substitute in the synthesis of PFs to overcome their intrinsic brittleness and high flammability.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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可持续化学
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高分子科学
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DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS LETTERS
·
2022
·
IF 3.574
Hongming Tang,Linyao Zhou,Xinchao Bian,Tianchang Wang,Lidong Feng,Bao Zhang,Yanlong Liu,Xuesi Chen
Grafting reaction between poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and cardanol was initiated by dicumyl peroxide at different compositions, and the mechanical, thermal properties were characterized. In absence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP), the PLA/cardanol blends showed a typical plastic behavior with increasing cardanol content, i.e. decrement of tensile strength, accompanied by increment of elongation at break, while the notched Izod impact strength kept low level until the cardanol content reached 20 wt%. When DCP was introduced into the blends, only 15 wt% cardanol content was needed to improve the notched Izod impact strength significantly. According to the thermal behavior testing results, the grafting of cardanol onto PLA chains might take responsibility for the further improvement of impact strength with less cardanol content.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2019
·Vol. 136
·期 20
·47505
·
IF 2.188
Yu-Peng Chen,Abdul Qadeer Dayo,Hui-Yan Zhang,An-ran Wang,Jun Wang,Wen-bin Liu,Yan Yang,Qi-Rui Qin,Yu-Gang Yang
The cardanol-based phthalonitrile (PN) monomer was successfully produced via the nucleophilic substitution reaction of cardanol with 4-nitrophthalonitrile in potassium carbonate media. The conventional methods were employed to predict the chemical structure. The influence of long alkyl chains of cardanol was observed on the thermomechanical properties, recorded values were much below than the poly(Baph) standards. However, the thermal stabilities were recorded in good agreement to PN resin values. Furthermore, the 100 kGy dose of Co 60 irradiation does not show any remarkable changes in the studied properties. The copolymers from P-a benzoxazine and cardanol-based PN (CPN) on the different wt % blending were prepared. The curing behavior and mechanism of the monomer blends were analyzed. The curing of CPN was improved in the presence of active hydrogen produced from the P-a polymerization. The T g and thermal properties of the copolymer were much better than the neat poly(P-a). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 47505.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
·
2023
·
IF 6.2
Simei Peng,Linyuan Luo,Renzhao Wu,Zhuwu Yi,Yishun Wuliu,Pu Shi,Jin Zhu,Jianxiang Feng,Yuejun Liu
We demonstrated an innovative strategy to synthesize a biobased multifunctional anti-scratch agent (BCP) based on biomass cardanol, and its properties impact for polypropylene (PP) was investigated. The scratch behavior analyses show that incorporation of BCP tremendously ameliorates scratch visibility, greatly decreases scratch depth, color difference and kinetic friction coefficient for PP, which owing to the lubricating layer induced by BCP migration onto the polymer surface . Meanwhile, the addition of BCP greatly increases the initial thermal decomposition temperature of PP and improves the impact strength , mainly benefitting from BCP intramolecular synergism. Furthermore, the constituting concept of novel green BEP enriches the design of polymer additives , with potential expansion into other biomass functionalization with multifunctional variations.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物基材料
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高分子化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
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2024
·Vol. 16
·期 21
·2958
·
IF 4.7
Jianrong Xia,Haobin Wu,Kaidong Chen,Yanling Li,Xin Lu,Sibo Ding,Xuelin Zheng
This study successfully developed a bio-based, photocurable, anionic–nonionic dual-functional chain extender, and sulfonated cardanol-based polyethylene glycol (SCP), derived from renewable resources—cardanol and polyethylene glycol—for application in waterborne polyurethane dispersions (WPUDs). Utilizing SCP as a chain extender, WPUDs were prepared through a typical acetone process with poly(butylene adipate) (PBA), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and ethylene diamine (EDA) at a constant NCO/OH ratio of 1:1. This research focused on the effects of polyethylene glycol molecular weight and SCP dosage on the particle size, stability, and film-forming properties of the WPUD. Optimal dispersion stability and film-forming performance were achieved with a polyethylene glycol molecular weight of 1500 and a PBA to SCP molar ratio of 4:1, yielding a particle size of 0.326 ± 0.010 μm and excellent storage stability over six months. The resulting WPU coatings exhibited a tensile strength of 11.4 MPa, which increased to 16.8 MPa after UV irradiation owing to the formation of a semi-interpenetrating network via the photopolymerization of cardanol’s unsaturated side chains. UV cross-linking also enhanced water resistance, reducing the water absorption rate (WAR) from 18.68% to 4.21% and the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) from 6.59 × 10−5g·m⁻¹·Pa⁻¹·d⁻¹ to 2.26 × 10⁻⁵ g·m⁻¹·Pa⁻¹·d⁻¹, while also improving thermal stability. These findings demonstrate that SCP offers a sustainable and effective solution for developing high-performance WPU coatings.
研究领域:
材料科学
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可持续化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
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IF 7.7
Wei Luo,Yang Yang,Yunxuan Weng,Zhigang Huang,Caili Zhang
Moisture exposure during polyester processing can lead to degradation, resulting in the formation of carboxyl and hydroxyl end-groups. To preserve mechanical properties, thorough drying and the use of chain extenders like epoxy acrylates and isocyanates during extrusion are crucial for maintaining or enhancing molecular weight through in-situ reactions. Our study introduced epoxidized cardanol oleate (ECD-OA), containing epoxy and long-chain alkyl groups, as a potential chain extender, and compared its effectiveness with commercially available epoxidized cardanol glycidyl ether (cardolite NC514). Compared to neat PLA without chain extension, the addition of 1 phr ECD-OA resulted in an increase in the molecular weight ( M w ) of PLA from 15.3 × 10 4 g/mol to 17.1 × 10 4 g/mol, demonstrating a chain extension efficiency of 11.8 %. The melt flow rate of PLA decreased from 9.9 g/10 min to 5.0 g/10 min, and the initial thermal degradation temperature of PLA increased by 5.7 °C. Upon chain extension, there was a substantial increase in both the elongation at break and tear resistance of the PLA film. The results demonstrate that ECD-OA can extend PLA molecular chains through chemical reactions and promote entanglement with the long alkane chain, consequently enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of PLA. Due to the enzyme's preference for biobased small molecules, the PLA film with the addition of a biobased chain extender is more prone to enzymatic degradation compared to neat PLA. To conclude, ECD-OA acts as a bio-based chain extender that improves the performance of PLA while also enhancing its biodegradability.
研究领域:
聚合物科学
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材料科学
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生物降解材料
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
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2025
·
IF 7.3
Ying Li,Boya Xiao,Zengke Zhu,Yuhang Zhou,HaiYe Liang,Yi Cai,Qiquan Luo,Zhuohong Yang,Yang Hu
Epoxy vinyl ester resin (VER) has promising prospects in the anti-corrosion coatings application, due to their advantages including favorable chemical and corrosion resistance, remarkable mechanical strength and convenient processability. Nevertheless, traditional VER coatings are typically cured by time-consuming thermal treatment and exhibit poor toughness, making them inadequate for providing long-term corrosion protection to metals. In this study, cardanol-based epoxy vinyl ester resin (VER) was effectively constructed for obtaining UV-cured and tough VER coatings with long-term anticorrosive property. Herein, multifunctional cardanol-derived toughening modifier (CAMM) was firstly synthesized via thiol-ene click reaction between cardanol and 2-mercaptoethanol, followed by esterification reaction with maleic anhydride. Moreover, CAMM was grafted onto VER molecular to improve resin processability and coating film performances. Structural characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of CAMM and cardanol-based VER via Fourier transform infrared and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Rheological analysis indicated CAMM introduction effectively reduced VER viscosity. The optimized cardanol-derived VER coating film displayed the outstanding tensile strength of 76.53 MPa and toughness of 7.74 MJ m −3 , which were significantly higher than those of control VER sample with tensile strength of 57.44 MPa and toughness of 1.56 MJ m −3 . Additionally, the optimized coating film also exhibited the long-term anticorrosion performance with impedance modulus |Z| 0.01Hz of 6.42 × 10 9 Ω·cm 2 after 180-day immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution, and perceptible antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . This work presents a promising approach to synthesizing multifunctional CAMM and high-performance UV-curable VER resins, which have great potential in the applications of anticorrosive coatings.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SURFACTANTS AND DETERGENTS
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2026
·
IF 2
Jiwen Wu,Luyu Chen,Lin Zhao,Guodong Chang,Huimin Ye,Yirong Feng,Shuangfei Zhao,Lei Shen,Yuguang Li,Wei He,Yingcheng Li
In this study, a novel cardanol-based viscosity reducer was developed through learning from viscosity reducers derived from petroleum. Under the mechanism study through visual flooding experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the optimal petrochemical dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS-12) stood out, and oil recovery efficiency (EOR) could be as high as 30.7%. Based on the developed empirical formula and structural analysis of BS-12, a completely new molecular structure was designed and applied in the visual flooding experiment, exhibiting comparable viscosity reduction performance and oil recovery efficiency. Graphical This study combined microfluidic visual flooding experiments with CFD simulations to reveal the oil displacement mechanism of viscosity-reducing combination flooding and establish an empirical formula for oil recovery efficiency. Guided by this formula, a novel cardanol carboxyl quaternary ammonium salt (CCQAS) was designed and synthesized based on the structural characteristics of the optimal surfactant BS-12. This bio-based viscosity reducer achieved an oil recovery efficiency of 27.7% in the compound system, demonstrating promising application prospects.
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Yubo Chen,Siyuan He,Yaxun Huang,Liping Jin,Lei Liu,Yu Guan,Congke Gu,Chenpeng Ji,Wenwen Guo
With growing emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, developing high-performance bio-based epoxy resins has become a central focus to reduce reliance on petroleum-derived curing agents. This study presents a novel approach by synthesizing three types of cardanol-based flame-retardant epoxy curing agents, C1-DPP-MA, C2-PDP-MA, and C3-POC-MA, as sustainable bio-based alternatives to conventional petroleum-derived curing agents. The structures of these curing agents were confirmed through FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Flame-retardant epoxy resins (DGEBA/C1-DPP-MA (EP1), DGEBA/C2-PDP-MA (EP2), and DGEBA/C3-POC-MA (EP3)) were prepared via thermal polymerization, with DGEBA/MHHPA (EP0) serving as a control. Kinetic analysis revealed that the curing activation energies of EP1, EP2, and EP3 were all higher than that of EP0, which can be attributed to the steric hindrance of the cardanol-derived curing agent molecules. Among the three cardanol-based epoxy resins, EP1 and EP2 demonstrated superior flame retardancy compared to EP3, with Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) values of 28 % and 27 %, respectively. UL-94 tests showed that EP1 achieved V -0 ratings. Cone calorimetry tests further confirmed their enhanced flame retardancy, with EP1 and EP2 showing reductions in peak heat release rate (PHRR) by 52.8 % and 37.8 %, respectively, and significant decreases in total heat release (THR). Additionally, the cardanol structure's long, flexible side chains improved toughness and elongation at break in EP1. Moreover, a carbon nanofiber (CNF)-reinforced composite (EP1CF) was synthesized from EP1, significantly enhancing its thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties. This study introduces a promising approach for designing bio-based epoxy resins with superior overall properties, contributing to the advancement of environmentally friendly flame-retardant materials by synergistically incorporating CNFs with cardanol-based curing agents.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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环境科学
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化学工程
·
纳米技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Renewable Materials
·
2017
·Vol. 5
·期 2
·154-164
·
IF 0.812
Li Xiaoying,Nie Xiaoan,Chen Jie,Wang Yigang,Li Ke
Cardanol, an agricultural by-product of the industrial processing of cashew, was used to synthesize epoxidized cardanol laurate (ECDL) plasticizer. The target product was characterized using FTIR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR. The plasticizing effect of ECDL substitution for petroleum-based
plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) in soft poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and mechanical testing, and compared to PVC incorporated with commercial epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO). When DOP was partially substituted
by EDCL, there was a slight increase of 5% in glass transition temperature (Tg
) and a maximum increase of 14.55% in the elongation at break. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the morphology of blends plasticized with DOP incorporated with ECDL
was finer and more homogeneous compared with blends plasticized with neat DOP or ESBO. Compared with DOP/PVC, TGA results showed that the initial degradation temperature (Ti), the 50% weight loss temperature (T50), and the first peak decomposition temperature (Tp1)
for ECDL/PVC increased by 16.8, 26.5 and 7.1 °C, respectively. Moreover, plasticizing system with ECDL had longer stability time, lower volatility and exudation loss, and higher chemical resistance than that of DOP. Therefore, as an environmentally friendly and renewable biobased plasticizer,
ECDL can partially replace DOP.
研究领域:
高分子科学
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材料化学
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绿色化学
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增塑剂
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可持续材料
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
·
2016
·
IF 2.848
Jie Chen,Xiaoying Li,Yigang Wang,Ke Li,Jinrui Huang,Jianchun Jiang,Xiaoan Nie
A novel epoxidized cardanol phenyl phosphate ester plasticizer (ECPhP) based on cardanol was synthesized and characterized with 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR. Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films plasticized with ECPhP as plasticizer were prepared. Thermal properties, mechanical properties and migration stability of PVC films were investigated with TGA, TGA–MS, DMA, dynamic thermal stability analysis, and tensile, volatility, extraction and exudation tests. Properties of the PVC films were explored and compared to those of petroleum-based plasticizer dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP). The results indicated that the epoxidized cardanol based phosphate ester had significantly higher thermal stability than DOTP, which could also improve thermal properties of PVC blends obviously. Furthermore, ECPhP could endow PVC resin with well-balanced properties of flexibility, strength and hardness. With the substitution of ECPhP into DOTP, migration resistance of PVC blends was enhanced which was mainly due to the increase of molecular weight. In addition, the thermal degradation processes of PVC films and possible interaction between plasticizers and PVC molecular were also discussed.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）