Nanomaterials
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2026
·Vol. 16
·期 8
·446
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IF 4.8
Manting Huang,Ai Song,Xingliu Ben,Weijia Ji,Yuxuan Pan,Huaxin Rao
MXene, as a suitable and alternative 2D nanofiller incorporated into a proton exchange membrane (PEM), has recently received considerable attention because of desired mechanical stability, promising conductivity, and active surface functional groups. However, agglomeration or sedimentation in PEMs, as well as the water retention capacity under low humidity of MXene, are limiting factors in the field of PEMs. In this paper, modified MXene and TiO2nanoparticles used as functional nanofillers were incorporated into sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) to prepare novel SPEEK-based composite PEMs. The effects of the nanofiller contents on self-humidifying and protonic conductivity of the composite PEMs were also investigated under different temperatures. When the contents of functionalized MXene and modified TiO2are 5 wt.%, proton conductivity, water uptake and methanol permeability of the composite PEMs can be up to 0.143 S/cm, 60% and 2.27 × 10−7cm2/s, respectively, which represent increases of about 192%, about 38% and a decrease of 47%, respectively, compared with that of primary SPEEK PEM. Under the synergistic action of functionalized MXene providing a higher number of exchangeable proton sites, modified TiO2with inherent hydrophilicity enhancing water retention and Pt providing catalytic sites for the H2/O2reaction to generate water in situ, the self-humidifying capability and proton conductivity of the composite PEMs were improved significantly.
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ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
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2026
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IF 4.6
Shunzi Yu,Chenyi Bao,Nana Liu,Bilai Yan,Zaolong Qu,Shengao Chen,Juan Ni,Xihan Guo,Xian Liu,Han Wang
To investigate how the antioxidants N-Acetyl- L -cysteine (NAC) and Vitamin C (Vc) exert optimal antioxidant effects to mitigate the cytotoxicity induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 Nanoparticles, TNPs), this study employed human normal colon epithelial cells (NCM460), human hepatocyte L-02 cells, C57BL/6 mice and Drosophila melanogaster . In NCM460 cells experiment (48 h), results showed that TNPs+NAC co-exposure significantly inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA), enhancing total antioxidant capacity, and reducing chromosomal damage and cell death. This protective sequence was validated in L-02 cells experiment (144 h). In C57BL/6 mice, TNPs+NAC co-exposure reduced the micronucleus frequency in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs), yet had no significant effect on Morris water maze behavior. Conversely, it adversely affected climbing ability in Drosophila melanogaster . Our study concludes that TNPs + NAC co-exposure effectively mitigates cytotoxicity of TNPs in vitro by enhancing antioxidant effects. However, in vivo outcomes may differ due to factors such as exposure routes and individual variations.
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RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES
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2026
·
IF 3.3
Meng Fanyuhe,Wang Siying,Li Mengtong,Tian Anyao,Dong Lin,Yu Hongmei
Basic Fuchsin (BF), a recalcitrant organic dye, poses severe risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health, necessitating the development of efficient and stable environmental remediation technologies. Herein, a novel direct S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst (MG-CQDs/TiO 2 ) was prepared by impregnating and calcining TiO 2 with mango peel-derived carbon quantum dots (MG-CQDs). The successful construction of the S-scheme charge-transfer heterostructure was systematically elucidated through band structure analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Under ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) light irradiation, the MG-CQDs/TiO 2 composite exhibited exceptional photocatalytic performance, achieving a remarkable BF degradation efficiency of 96.5% within 180 min. Notably, its reaction rate constant was 2.1 times higher than that of pristine TiO 2 . Mechanistically, the synergistic interaction between MG-CQDs and TiO 2 significantly promotes the spatial separation of photogenerated carriers. Radical trapping experiments further confirmed that superoxide (·O 2 − ) and hydroxyl (·OH) radicals serve as the primary reactive oxygen species driving the oxidation process. Crucially, density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with Fukui index analyses provided molecular-level insights into the degradation pathway, identifying the nitrogen atoms and the central carbon of the BF molecule as the preferential sites for radical attack. Furthermore, the composite demonstrated outstanding photostability, maintaining highly efficient degradation over multiple consecutive cycles. Supported by both macroscopic experimental evidence and microscopic theoretical calculations, this study presents a highly efficient, cost-effective, and green paradigm for the advanced treatment of industrial dye wastewater. Graphical abstract
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JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 4.4
Si Liu,Zixuan Xu,Qun Liao,Xingxing Zheng,Xionghui Fu,Yuanming Zhang,Yi Zhu
Co₃O₄/TiO₂ achieves a CH₄ yield of 34.8 μmol g −1 h −1 with 82.4% selectivity. • Ti–O–Co bonds serve as charge transfer channels in Co₃O₄/TiO₂. • Co 2+ /Co 3+ redox couples stabilize *CO intermediates and facilitate PCET. • Electron transfer promotes Co electron enrichment for *CO stabilization. • Synergistic electron transfer and proton supply promote selective CO₂ methanation. Value-added conversion of CO 2 using solar energy is a sustainable strategy to address the energy crisis and environmental issues simultaneously. In this work, Co 3 O 4 /TiO 2 composite photocatalysts were successfully prepared by a hydrothermal method. The optimized Co 3 O 4 /TiO 2 achieves a CH 4 yield of 34.8 μmol·g −1 ·h −1 with 82.4% selectivity. The enhanced catalytic activity is ascribed to interfacial Ti-O-Co bonds that facilitate electron transfer toward Co sites, thereby modulating the Co 2+ /Co 3+ electronic environment and creating relatively electron-rich Co sites for *CO stabilization, while the Co 3 O 4 component facilitates the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process toward CH 4 formation. This study provides a practical strategy for promoting the value-added photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 using multivalent transition metal oxide composite photocatalysts. Co 3 O 4 /TiO 2 enables highly selective photoreduction of CO 2 into CH 4 . Ti-O-Co bonds serve as pathways transferring photogenerated electrons from TiO 2 to Co sites. The electron-rich Co centers act as active sites to stabilize *CO intermediates. Meanwhile, Co 3 O 4 promotes water oxidation and maintains sufficient proton supply, synergistically facilitating CH 4 production. Download: Download high-res image (200KB) Download: Download full-size image
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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2026
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IF 9.2
Xingwang Niu,Rui Guo,Biao Wang,Xuefei Lei,Xuanwen Liu
Hydrogenation produces black TiO 2 rich in vacancies/Ti 3+ , which narrows the bandgap and boosts visible-light response. • Unique crystalline core@disordered shell heterostructure accelerates charge transfer and suppresses photocarrier recombination. • Oxygen vacancies act as charge traps to improve conductivity and boost OER kinetics. • The photo-assisted Zn-air battery achieves 1.2 V charging voltage, 92% round-trip efficiency and excellent cycling durability. Converting solar energy into electrochemical energy represents a sustainable strategy; however, the design of photo-assisted zinc–air batteries (ZABs) that can efficiently utilize solar energy faces significant challenges. To address the issues of narrow light absorption range and carrier recombination, this study subjected TiO 2 to hydrogenation treatment to prepare black TiO 2 photoelectrodes (B-T1) with abundant and suitable oxygen vacancies and Ti 3+ defects. The black appearance endows it with a remarkable redshift in the absorption edge and enhanced visible-light absorption, narrowing the bandgap from 3.31 eV to 2.80 eV. Meanwhile, the defects confer upon the black TiO 2 a unique heterostructure featuring a disordered shell surrounding the crystalline core. This structure enhances dipole and interfacial polarization effects and weakens the interaction between the transferred charges and the matrix. The introduction of oxygen vacancies in B-T1 promotes temporary trapping of charge carriers and triggers rapid carrier transfer at the heterojunction interface, hindering the recombination of photogenerated holes. Integrating the B-T1 photoanode into a photo-assisted zinc–air battery reduces the charging voltage from 1.8 V in the dark to 1.2 V under illumination, with an average round-trip efficiency of approximately 92%. Meanwhile, over 60 cycles, no degradation is observed, and the average round-trip efficiency remains around 92%, demonstrating excellent cycling efficiency and stability. This work elucidates the mechanism by which defect engineering induces performance enhancement and provides a new paradigm for designing photoelectrodes with high interfacial charge efficiency and advanced photoelectrochemical hybrid energy storage systems. Black TiO 2 photoelectrodes rich in oxygen vacancies and Ti 3+ defects are fabricated via a facile hydrogenation treatment, which induces a redshift of the light absorption edge. The unique crystalline core@disordered shell heterostructure accelerates interfacial charge transfer, and oxygen vacancies act as charge-trapping sites to optimize carrier transport behavior. Benefiting from these merits, the charging voltage of the zinc–air battery drops from 1.8 V in the dark to 1.2 V under illumination, accompanied by outstanding long-term cycling stability. Download: Download high-res image (324KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 5
·125192
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IF 7.5
Zhengjun Qu,Xuyang Hu,Lihui Huang
S-TNT@NGA integrates S-modified TiO 2 nanotubes with N-doped graphene aerogel. • At 1 mM Na 2 SO 4 , 99.2% TCH removal gave an E EO of 6.12 kWh m −3 order −1 . • Charge-transfer resistance decreased to 223.1 Ω for S-TNT@NGA. • TCH removal remained 88.7% after ten consecutive degradation cycles. • An ‧O 2 - -H 2 O 2 - 1 O 2 network played an important role in TCH degradation. Efficient electrochemical degradation of antibiotics with limited supporting-electrolyte addition remains challenging. Here, sulfur-modified TiO 2 nanotube/nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel (S-TNT@NGA) was developed as a particle electrode for three-dimensional electrochemical degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The composite formed an interconnected porous framework containing sulfur and nitrogen species. KPFM, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed altered local electronic properties and improved interfacial electrochemical characteristics; the charge-transfer resistance decreased from 558.9 Ω for TNT@GA to 223.1 Ω for S-TNT@NGA. At 15 V, initial pH 7, 1.0 mM Na 2 SO 4 , and an S-TNT@NGA loading of 1.0 g L −1 , 99.2% TCH removal and 64.0% total organic carbon (TOC) removal were achieved within 150 min. The corresponding volumetric electrical energy consumption and electrical energy per order were 12.84 kWh m −3 and 6.12 kWh m −3 order −1 , respectively. Chloride enhanced early-stage removal, whereas bicarbonate and humic acid inhibited degradation. After ten consecutive cycles, TCH removal remained at 88.7%, with the principal anatase structure and porous framework largely retained. Scavenger-based kinetic analysis, H-type-cell experiments, and EPR spectroscopy supported a coupled mechanism involving direct/surface-mediated oxidation and an oxygen-reduction-derived ‧O 2 - -H 2 O 2 - 1 O 2 network, with a secondary SO 4 ‧ - -associated pathway and a comparatively limited ‧OH-associated pathway. These findings show that S-TNT@NGA combines favorable interfacial electrochemical characteristics, reusability, and multi-pathway oxidation for TCH degradation at low added supporting-electrolyte concentration, while highlighting energy demand and water-matrix composition as important considerations for further development. Download: Download high-res image (312KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Energy & Environmental Materials
·
2026
·
IF 14.1
Bingke Zhang,Chenchen Zhao,Jing Qiao,Changcun Li,Yang Wang,Xingshuo Liu,Dongbo Wang,Gang Liu,Zhao Qian,Rajeev Ahuja,Jinzhong Wang,Degang Zhao
Solar-driven photothermal CO 2 reduction into multicarbon (C 2 + ) products represents a promising yet challenging route for sustainable fuel production. A key obstacle remains the inefficient C–C coupling due to poor CO 2 activation and limited charge utilization, especially under full-spectrum light. Herein, we propose a heterojunction photocatalyst that synergistically integrates the topological insulator Bi 2 Te 3 with oxygen-doped TiO 2-X to address these challenges. The metallic nature of Bi 2 Te 3 enables broad-spectrum photon harvesting from UV to near-infrared and generates substantial photothermal heat, while the oxygen vacancies in TiO 2-X create an asymmetric electronic environment that promotes CO 2 adsorption, bending, and activation. The built-in electric field formed at the heterointerface drives efficient electron transfer from Bi 2 Te 3 to TiO 2-X , which suppresses charge recombination and ensures a prolonged electron supply for multistep reduction reactions. Under full-spectrum irradiation without external heating, the optimized Bi 2 Te 3 /TiO 2-X catalyst achieves a remarkable C 2 + production rate of 15.08 μmol g −1 h −1 with selectivity toward C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 6 . Combined photoelectronic measurements and theoretical analyses confirm that the synergistic photothermal–photocatalytic effect and tailored charge dynamics collectively lower the energy barrier for C–C coupling. This work offers a strategic material design leveraging topological insulators and defect engineering for efficient CO 2 -to-C 2 + conversion.
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Small
·
2026
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IF 11.8
Yaohui Niu,Zhonglong Zhao,Yingbo Zhang,Decai Zhu,Jiangyu Yu,Qian Zhang,Xiaolong Han,Wenxuan Yang,Chengjun Zhu
Insulating materials are essential for electron-blocking functionality in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells; however, their intrinsic lack of efficient ion-transport pathways severely limits electrochemical performance. Herein, an in situ phase-transition strategy is employed to construct an epitaxial core-shell structure electrolyte, enabling the formation of a surface superionic conductive layer and fundamentally resolving the problem of cell failure based on insulator electrolytes. During cell preheating, the solid-phase transition of LiOH–TiO 2 precursor induces the spontaneous self-assembly of a unique Li 2 TiO 3 @TiO 2 core–shell architecture, which establishes continuous three-dimensional fast-ion transport pathways along interfacial regions. Besides, experimental characterizations combined with density functional theory calculations indicate that the core–shell heterostructure dramatically enhances charge transfer kinetics via synergistic interfacial effects involving oxygen vacancy engineering, energy band alignment, and electron-ion coupling. Consequently, fuel cells based on this electrolyte achieve an ion conductivity of 0.223 S/cm and a peak power density of 759 mW/cm 2 at 550°C, while still maintaining an effective power output of 189 mW/cm 2 at low temperature of 390°C. This strategy of in situ phase-transition induced core–shell structure to achieve surface superionic conduction provides new opportunities for developing high-performance solid-state ion devices operating at low temperatures.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
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2026
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IF 5.8
Yuxin Ge,Zhenchao Li,Tong Zhang,Yang Lu,Lijin Xie,Danyang Yu,Xiaochuan Ren
Flexible carbon buffering and rigid TiO 2 confinement stabilize Bi nanoparticles. • Amorphous TiO 2 with pseudocapacitive ion storage acts as an ion-transport bridge for fast Na + shuttling to Bi. • The as-prepared electrode exhibits excellent fast-charging capability and long-term cycling stability. Developing fast-charging sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is highly desirable yet fundamentally challenging due to the sluggish Na + diffusion kinetics and severe structural degradation of electrode materials. Despite their high theoretical capacity, alloy-type Bi anodes suffer from severe volume expansion and inherently sluggish solid-state sodiation kinetics, which lead to limited rate capability. Herein, Bi/TiO 2 /C composite nanofibers (BTC) are fabricated via electrospinning and carbonization, achieving uniform embedding of Bi nanoparticles in an amorphous TiO 2 -decorated carbon nanofiber. The carbon framework provides flexible buffering and a conductive network. Amorphous TiO 2 not only acts as a rigid filler to further buffer the expansion and aggregation of Bi but also exhibits pseudocapacitive Na + storage behavior, allowing it to function as a local Na + reservoir and ion-transport bridge. This structure enables rapid Na + supply to adjacent Bi active sites, thereby accelerating the stepwise alloying reaction and maintaining fast reaction kinetics even at ultrahigh rates. This synergistic effect enables the BTC anode to deliver 226.16 mAh g -1 after 3000 cycles at 20 A g -1 , and the assembled Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 @C (NVP@C)//BTC full cell maintains 207.72 mAh g -1 after 4000 cycles. This study offers an innovative strategy for structural regulation and performance optimization of anode materials for high-capacity fast-charging SIBs. A novel Bi/TiO 2 /C composite nanofiber anode is rationally designed via electrospinning and carbonization for fast-charging sodium storage. Amorphous TiO 2 serves dual roles as ion-transport bridges that enrich Na + and as dispersants that prevent Bi agglomeration, while the carbon matrix buffers volume expansion, thereby synergistically accelerating sodiation kinetics and enabling ultrahigh rate capability with long-term cycling stability. Download: Download high-res image (267KB) Download: Download full-size image
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Wanxiangting Ni,Xiaofan Huang,Yuxuan Meng,Siqin He,Sixuan Wang
A porous nicotinamide-TiO 2 adsorbent was synthesized via a simple, green method. • The proposed adsorbent exhibited excellent extraction performance toward azo dyes. • The performance of nicotinamide-TiO 2 is comparable with a commercial WAX column. • The proposed adsorbent efficiently extracts azo dyes from complex food matrices. In this work, a porous nicotinamide-TiO 2 nanocomposite was successfully synthesized via a simple and green method, and employed as an effective dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) adsorbent for the selective enrichment of azo dyes from food products. The adsorption was found to be pH-dependent (optimum at pH 3.0) and followed a monolayer chemisorption mechanism, with the affinity being attributed to a combination of Lewis acid–base interactions, electrostatic attraction, and π–π stacking. Under optimized DSPE-HPLC conditions, the nicotinamide-TiO 2 adsorbent achieved high adsorption capacities of 14.7, 12.5, and 19.6 mg g −1 for amaranth (AM), new coccine (NC), and tartrazine (TA), respectively. The developed method with nicotinamide-TiO 2 exhibits satisfactory linear ranges with correlation coefficients >0.999, high sensitivity (limits of detection: 0.17–0.21 mg L −1 ) and good precision (intra- and inter-day RSD <5.5%). In spiked tea beverage samples, the proposed method afforded recoveries ranging from 92.3% to 103.1% for AM, NC, and sunset yellow (SY), which were superior to those obtained with a commercial WAX column, while also exhibiting lower matrix effects. The paired t -test revealed the DSPE-HPLC with nicotinamide-TiO 2 is a reliable pretreatment method to extract azo dyes, as there is no significant difference ( p > 0.05) between this adsorbent and the commercial WAX column. The method was successfully applied to determine azo dyes in tea beverages and carbonated drinks. Overall, DSPE-HPLC method using nicotinamide-TiO 2 was proven to has promising potential for application in determination azo dyes in food products. Download: Download high-res image (68KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Surfaces and Interfaces
·
2026
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IF 6
Fulin Deng,Enyu Cao,Ruixin Zhang,Linjie Song,Yuanzhen Zhou,Chongqing Yu,Anning Zhao,Jihua Nie,Min Ren,Wenlong Mao,Yunjie Xiang,Ugo D'Amora,Liqun Xu,Xi Rao
Oxygen-vacancy TiO 2 was prepared via inert-atmosphere annealing. • TA-Ce metal-phenolic network was deposited on micro-arc oxidized Ti. • Coatings showed enhanced near-infrared photothermal antibacterial activity. • Coatings scavenged ROS and promoted osteogenic differentiation. Titanium-based implants are widely used for bone repair but still face challenges including bacterial infection, oxidative stress, and insufficient osseointegration. In this study, a tannic acid-cerium (TA-Ce) metal-phenolic network was deposited onto an oxygen-vacancy-rich micro/nano-structured TiO 2 coating to construct a bioactive titanium surface. The coating was fabricated through micro-arc oxidation, alkali-heat treatment, inert-atmosphere annealing, and subsequent TA-Ce deposition. Oxygen vacancies enhanced near-infrared (NIR) absorption and photothermal conversion, while the TA-Ce network further improved photothermal responsiveness and antioxidant activity, under 808 nm NIR irradiation, the modified coating exhibited excellent photothermal antibacterial performance against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . In addition, the coexistence of Ce(Ⅲ)/Ce(Ⅳ) and phenolic groups enabled efficient reactive oxygen species scavenging, reducing extracellular and intracellular oxidative stress. In vitro studies further demonstrated favorable cytocompatibility and enhanced osteogenic differentiation, including increased alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, and mineralization. Overall, this study provides a simple and effective strategy for developing titanium implant surfaces with combined antibacterial, antioxidant, and osteogenic properties, offering new insights into multifunctional implant design. Download: Download high-res image (175KB) Download: Download full-size image TA–Ce MPNs/TiO₂ Coatings for Multifunctional Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Osteogenic Performance.
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Advanced Sensor and Energy Materials
·
2026
·
IF 12.3
Zhenggang Guo,Yifan Huang,Ying Wang,Shihan Liu,Shuaichuan Cui,Xingxing Wang,Bo Wang,Yifan Zhang,Pengyang Deng
In this article, we constructed a novel oligomeric bridge by anchoring oligomeric Ir complex (o-Ir, Ir(ppy) 2 (dabpy)-ODPA-COOH) onto TiO 2 via its terminal dicarboxylic groups, enabling efficient and long lifetime photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in water. The dual enhancement mechanism of the double coordination bonds based oligomeric bridge was first discovered and confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), electrochemical and photophysical analyses. First, the oligomeric bridge enhances light absorption, facilitates efficient electron injection into TiO 2 and accelerates charge transfer via the double coordination bonds between o-Ir and TiO 2 , endowing the oligomeric bridge anchored TiO 2 (o-Ir@Pt-TiO 2 ) with high photocatalytic activity in water under visible light. The turnover number (TON) of o-Ir@Pt-TiO 2 during 24 h photocatalysis is over 420 times of o-Ir, and the total TON of o-Ir@Pt-TiO 2 (over 18343) outperforms most organic-TiO 2 based catalysts. The total hydrogen evolution reaches over 337.5 mmol·g –1 which is more than 17 times of Pt-TiO 2 . Second, the double coordination bonds mitigate inherent defects and realize mutual protection of o-Ir and TiO 2 , yielding a record photocatalyst lifetime exceeding 708 h, which is the highest value among reported organic-TiO 2 based catalysts in aqueous systems. This work will provide new theoretical and industrial possibilities for efficient and stable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
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