ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2024
·Vol. 34
·期 19
·2313833
·
IF 18.5
Andrew Balilonda,Mengyu Du,Ziqi Li,Wenbo Li,Wen Mei,Man Yui Leung,Guan Wu,Xiaoming Tao,Wei Chen
Perovskite based on Sn have attracted extensive attention to address the toxicity challenge associated with Pb-based perovskite solar cells. However, Sn-based perovskite solar cells（SPSCs）are notable for their poor stability and loss of efficiency due to rapid oxidation of Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ in air. To slow down the rapid oxidation, a number of antioxidants are suggested. Nevertheless, the antioxidant normally gets oxidized to non-antioxidizing by-products in a single-stage redox reaction and loses the function of oxidation prevention. Herein, vanillin is introduced, a natural antioxidant with a double-staged redox reaction to inhibit the oxidation of Sn 2+ or reduce Sn 4+ back to Sn 2+ , which improves the efficiency and prolongs the open-air stability of SPSCs. With 7.5% vanillin doping, an outstanding efficiency of 13.18% is achieved. Moreover, exposure of the solar cell to 160 W microwave irradiation for 3 minutes resulted in significant efficiency recovery from 88% to 96.5% at 812 hours and from 35.7% to 65.4% after 2200 hours of aging. This work reveals the potential of natural antioxidation and short microwave irradiation as suitable approaches to elevate the efficiency and lifetime of SPSCs.
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高影响因子
Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 11.6
Ying Zhu,Jingjing Liu,Guangzhi He,Shaohua Xie,Wenpo Shan,Zhihua Lian,Fudong Liu,Hong He
Catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability are both crucial for the application of the selective catalytic reduction of NO x with NH 3 (NH 3 -SCR catalyst) in diesel vehicles. In this study, a tin (Sn)-modified Ce–Nb mixed-oxide catalyst was synthesized as an NH 3 -SCR catalyst for NO x emission control. After the introduction of Sn, both the NH 3 -SCR activity and the hydrothermal stability of the catalyst were remarkably promoted. Even after hydrothermal aging at 1000 °C, the developed Ce 1 Sn 2 Nb 1 O x catalyst achieved more than 90% NO x conversion at 325–500 °C. Various methods, including N 2 -physisorption, X-ray diffraction, in-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, and density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the promotional effects induced by the Sn species. The characterization results showed that the addition of Sn not only promoted the formation of the Ce–Nb active phase but also improved its thermal stability, contributing to the excellent NH 3 -SCR performance and hydrothermal stability. This study provides an excellent sintering-resistance catalyst for the application of diesel engine NO x emission control.
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Molecular Catalysis
·
2024
·
IF 3.9
Xiaohao Liu,Zibin Xia,Rui Diao,Fenglei Qi,Ying Zhang,Peiyong Ma
The production of high value-added chemicals and materials from renewable biomass is significant for the sustainable development of chemical industry. Herein, rice husk-based biogenic silica-anchored Sn-Co catalysts with adjustable activity are successfully prepared for biomass valorization. By regulating the pretreatment method and carbothermal reduction temperature of catalysts, the interaction between Co, Sn and biogenic silica can be regulated, thereby regulating the catalytic activity of the catalyst for cellulose hydrogenolysis. 50.7 % yield of acetol and 63.4 % yield of C3 products can be obtained. A series of characterizations show that the hydrothermal pretreatment in CoCl 2 solution promotes the combination of Co 2+ and biogenic silica, which inhibits the excessive doping of Sn 4+ and promotes the formation of Co 3 Sn 2 alloy. The Sn-O-Si and Co 3 Sn 2 species in 3Sn-5Co@RHC are the key active sites catalyzing glucose isomerization and fructose retro-aldol condensation. The intermediates experiments show that controlling the hydrolysis rate of cellulose to avoid excessive concentration of monosaccharide intermediates in the reaction system is crucial for inhibiting side reactions and improving the yield of acetol. The use of agroforestry waste-based catalytic materials for biomass conversion in this work can provide inspiration for exploiting the intrinsic characteristics of biomass to develop high value-added materials and chemicals.
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ACS Catalysis
·
2025
·
IF 13.1
Yinuo Wang,Hongming Xu,Ernest P. Delmo,Juhee Jang,Yan Zhang,Tiehuai Li,Xiaoyi Qiu,Zhehan Ying,Ping Gao,Minhua Shao
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formic acid for industrial production necessitates not only high selectivity and conversion rate but also efficient CO2 utilization and minimal carbon loss to reduce overall production costs and energy consumption. Despite acidic CO2 reduction reaction being able to greatly alleviate carbon loss, it is often hindered by the aggressive hydrogen evolution reaction and the degradation of catalysts. This study puts forward an effective fluorination-hydrolysis protection mechanism for Sn-based electrocatalysts under acidic conditions. F-doped Sn oxides form a protective layer containing Sn oxide and fluoride, which safeguards the inner reduced Sn from significant degradation in acidic environments. Leveraging this strategy, we achieve impressive performance for formic acid generation without the adverse effects of a violent hydrogen evolution reaction during acidic electrolysis, attaining a Faradaic efficiency of 92% and a partial current density of 722 mA cm–2. This approach not only provides an additional avenue for preventing corrosion of Sn-based catalysts in acidic media but also significantly improves their performance in formic acid production.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Shuqing Nie,Wei Xiao,Shi Pan,Yuyang Jiang,Yu Xin,Chang Miao,Chengjin Liu,Junchao Zheng
Heterogeneous Sn/SnO x @N-doped carbon (Sn/SnO x @NC) microplates with oxygen vacancies evolved from plate-like SnO powders are successfully fabricated, in which SnO powders are converted into Sn, SnO 2 , and Sn 2 O 3 phases by rationally sintering and are perfectly in situ encapsulated by polyaniline-derived NC layer. By elaborately constructing the particular structure, high discharge specific capacity of 730.4 mAh/g and capacity retention ratio of 98.3 % after 110 cycles at 0.1 A/g are realized for optimal Sn/SnO x @NC composite electrode. Benefiting from enhanced electronic conductivity and Li + ions diffusion kinetics, the assembled cell delivers reversible discharge specific capacity of 487.3 mAh/g at 1.0 A/g after 500 cycles. First principles calculation and in / ex situ characterization reveal that in situ formed heterostructure with oxygen vacancies and NC layer synergistically improve interfacial charge transfer and reaction reversibility to promote lithium storage capability. Therefore, fabricating Sn/SnO x @NC microplates may provide a practical strategy to design heterogeneous and oxygen-deficient Sn-based anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
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MOLECULES
·
2025
·Vol. 30
·期 5
·1042
·
IF 4.6
Min Zhang,Gaolei Qin,Pengfei Li,Xiangjie Zhang,Hongying Chang,Ziyu Zhou,Wei Zhao,Xumeng Huang,Kui Tang,Yonghe Ning,Chang Song,Peng He
Epoxidation of long-chain α-olefins (LAOs) is a process of paramount importance, particularly in the preparation of epoxides. Traditional epoxidation methods, such as the chlorohydrin method and peracid method, suffer from issues such as poor selectivity, by-product formation, and environmental pollution. Mukaiyama epoxidation, with its mild reaction conditions and exceptional selectivity, has attracted widespread attention and considerable research. Transition metal oxide catalysts show potential in the reaction; however, the catalytic efficiency still require substantial improvement due to dilemma of substance activation. In this study, a synergistic enhancement method was employed, achieved through the creation of oxygen vacancies and the electron-rich nature of Cu. The substitution of Cu with Sn in CuO facilitates the creation of oxygen vacancy (Vo), thereby enhancing absorption and activation of O2. The conversion for O2activation paves the way for the formation of benzoyl peroxy radicals. Moreover, the interaction between Sn and Cu promotes charge transfer from Sn to Cu, resulting in an electron-rich Cu surface that significantly accelerates the dehydrogenation of benzaldehyde. The synergistic enhancement protocol exhibits near-quantitative performance, delivering an oxide yield of 92.9%. This study introduces an innovative dual-promotion catalytic strategy for Mukaiyama epoxidation utilizing readily available O2, providing profound insights into the optimization design of transition metal oxide catalysts and beyond.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Welding in the World
·
2025
·
IF 2.5
Zhang Honghui,Xu Hongyan,Hodúlová Erika
To fulfill the requirements for dependable low-temperature soldering of high-temperature lead-free materials and to inhibit the transformation of Cu 6 Sn 5 to Cu 3 Sn during transient liquid phase diffusion bonding (TLPB) and aging processes, along with minimizing joint porosity, Cu particles were initially coated with a Ni layer through electroless plating, followed by Sn layer deposition via stannous sulfamate electroplating to achieve Cu@Ni@Sn core-shell structured powder. The study explored the oxidation resistance of Cu@Ni@Sn powder and examined the formation rate and activation energy of Cu 3 Sn in both Cu@Sn and Cu@Ni@Sn TLPB joints, clarifying the Ni coating’s role in restricting element migration and phase transformation. The Cu@Ni@Sn TLPB joint displayed a three-dimensional network of intermetallic compounds enveloping Cu particles. This joint demonstrated thermal endurance of at least 400 °C, room temperature shear strength exceeding 80 MPa, and shear strength of no less than 28 MPa after aging at 250 °C for 336 h, representing a 20% improvement compared to the Cu@Sn system. Joint porosity was lowered from 10% in the Cu@Sn system to 5% in the Cu@Ni@Sn system, surpassing both high-lead and nano-sintered Ag systems. The findings illustrate that the introduction of a Ni coating successfully restricted Cu diffusion, suppressed Cu 6 Sn 5 phase transformation, decreased void formation, and improved the high-temperature oxidation resistance of Cu@Ni@Sn powder. After undergoing reflow at 250 °C, the Cu@Ni@Sn joint exhibited thermal conductivity of 156 W/m·K and electrical resistivity of 4.2 μΩ·cm, surpassing those observed in the Cu@Sn system, Cu 6 Sn 5 , and Cu 3 Sn. These results imply that Cu@Ni@Sn TLPB joints fulfill the criteria for high-performance interconnections, presenting a viable replacement for high-lead and sintered nano-Ag soldering materials, making them a favorable candidate for high-temperature, high-reliability interconnect applications in power modules.
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高影响因子
SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·Vol. 40
·期 9
·095015
·
IF 2.1
Xinyan Han,Xinjie Wang,Zhichao Zhang,Zhen Sun,Zhixin Jin
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), an ordinary hole transport layer (HTL), has inherent shortcomings that restrict its use in Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, PEDOT:PSS was mixed with ethanol using a simple solution method, resulting in enhanced conductivity and an optimized work function. By varying the concentration of ethanol doping, the insulated PSS shell surrounding the PEDOT:PSS was stripped, and the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS was increased from 4.50 × 10−4 S cm−1 to 7.00 × 10−4 S cm−1. The work function was lowered by 0.23 eV to −5.30 eV, bringing it closer to the energy level of Sn–Pb perovskite. Ethanol-doped PEDOT:PSS was utilized as the HTL in Sn–Pb PSCs based on FA0.5MA0.5Sn0.5Pb0.5I3, resulting in 18.10% photoelectric conversion efficiency with negligible hysteresis, and more than 40% performance improvement compared to the undoped devices. Furthermore, the treatment of ethanol could enhance the stability of the devices. The doped device was placed in a glove box for one month, and its efficiency remained above 90% of the maximum value. Thus, ethanol doping in PEDOT:PSS should provide a promising strategy for developing HTLs in efficient Sn–Pb PSCs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光伏技术
·
有机电子学
·
钙钛矿太阳能电池
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高影响因子
Results in Chemistry
·
2025
·
IF 4.2
Worku Lakew Kebede,Molla Tefera,Amogne Wondu,Melesse Ababay,Abrha Berhe,Mengistu Mulu,Atnafu Guadie
Water contamination caused by textile and industrial dyes is currently among the most important issues facing humanity that require urgent attention. Organic pollutants are harmful and can cause cancer in both humans and aquatic life. Even small amounts of these pollutants in water can lead to grave health problems. One promising way to clean up these pollutants is through degradation, using oxysulfide-based photocatalysts. These materials are effective because of their advanced optical and structural properties. The Sn-Mo(O,S) 3 catalysts were prepared through an easy precipitation process conducted at low temperatures. Different techniques were used to examine the catalyst's shape, structure, electrical properties, chemical makeup, and how it interacts with light. The Sn-Mo(O,S) 3 oxy-sulfide nanoparticle was successfully used to break down organic pollutants through photocatalytic processes. Among the samples made, the SMOS-25 catalyst showed the best performance in breaking down methylene blue dye. The effectiveness of the SMOS-25 catalyst was tested by seeing how well they could break down organic dye pollutant when exposed to visible light. The SMOS-25 nanoparticle was able to remove 98.9 % MB dye from water within 105 min under visible light. In this system, the main substance responsible for breaking down the dye is hydroxyl radical ( • OH).
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料化学
·
光催化
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纳米技术
·
水处理
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JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2021
·Vol. 32
·期 1
·158-169
·
IF 1.838
Zhou Yousheng,Mei Xingyu,Cai Zhe,Wang Qing,Duanmu Jiahui,Kai Ouyang,Zhang Haijiang,Tang Xiujuan,Han Xiaoxiang
A series of metal ion (M = Sn2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Co2+, Ag+, Cu2+) exchanged tungstophosphoric acid (H3PW12O40; TPA) catalysts with tunable Brønsted/Lewis acidity were synthesized and exploited for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BzOH) to benzaldehyde (BzH) using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant. The structure of these M-TPA composite salts was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and solid-state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe molecule method. Among these M-TPAs, the Sn1/2H2PW12O40 catalyst, which presented strong Brønsted acidity, the synergistic effect of Brønsted/Lewis and pseudo-liquid characteristic property, exhibited excellent catalytic activity and durability with 98.2% of BzH selectivity and 95.1% of BzH yield. The optimal conditions for the oxidation of BzOH optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) were as follows: n(BzOH)/n(H2O2) = 1:1.25, catalyst amount of 5.5 wt.% to BzOH, water amount of 17 mL, 3.3 h of reaction time, and temperature 393 K. Moreover, further kinetic study confirmed that the reaction order was 2.64 and the activation energy was 21.75 kJ mol-1.
研究领域:
催化化学
·
材料科学
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高影响因子
Science of Advanced Materials
·
2016
·Vol. 8
·期 8
·1617-1627
·
IF 1.812
Wen Zhen,Su Jun-Qing,Chen Qing,Chen Li-Di
To improve the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) modified with (Polyethylene glycol-2000)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PEG2000-DSPE) were prepared using glyceryl monostearate as a lipid carrier and resveratrol as a model
drug. Compared to ordinary SLNs, SLNs doped with low amount of PEG2000-DSPE [m(PEG2000-DSPE):m(lipids) = 1:5, w/w] exhibited improved physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, including higher entrapment efficiency (above 80%), smaller particle size (approximately 100 nm), more
distinguished drug release at low pH values (pH < 6.0), and longer drug circulation in vivo. According to the characterizations performed, the DSPE moiety was doped into lipid matrix to form a PEG2000-DSPE/lipid eutectic dopant, inhibiting lipid polymorphism transformation
from α-form to β-form, thereby preventing drug expulsion from the lipid. The dopant contained lattice defects, allowing for the incorporation of more resveratrol. Resveratrol was released in a sustained and pH-sensitive pattern due to nanoparticles destabilization
induced by partial protonation of PEG2000-DSPE. PEG chains distributed on the nanoparticle surface caused steric hindrance and “stealth” properties, thus maintaining dispersion stability and extending circulation time of nanoparticles. These results confirm that PEG2000-DSPE modification
effects are attributable to the matrix and surface structures of nanoparticles, which consist of a core containing DSPEinduced lattice defects and a shell coated with PEG chains.
研究领域:
药剂学
·
生物材料学
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高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.2
Chuanya Li,Qianfeng Zhou,Changhu Leng,Yongchao Wang,Chenyang Ma,Junlei Zhang,Zhijun Li
Polyolefin plastics, though highly resistant to degradation due to their thermodynamic stability and chemical inertness, can be catalytically depolymerized into liquid fuels, offering a promising route to mitigate white pollution and fossil fuel dependency. Here, a sustainable catalytic route for closed-loop polyolefin upcycling is achieved using a bifunctional Sn1W9/γ-Al2O3 catalyst that integrates redox and acidic functionalities within a self-regenerative hydrogen relay cycle. The optimized interface between Sn and W species promotes simultaneous C-H dehydrogenation and C-C metathesis via dynamic Sn-H ↔ W-OH coupling, enabling quantitative conversion of polypropylene at 250 o C within 1 hour and selective production of C5-C22 liquid hydrocarbons (95.0%). Structural, spectroscopic, and kinetic analyses identify hydroxylated W 5+ -OH sites as the principal active centers, stabilized by Sn-mediated hydrogen spillover. The catalyst achieves exceptional stability and reusability across multiple degradation cycles and diverse commercial plastics. Life cycle and techno-economic assessments reveal 16-fold enhanced thermal efficiency, > 85% solvent recyclability, and a carbon footprint of 7.3 kg CO2 e•kg⁻¹surpassing benchmark catalysts in both sustainability and energy utilization. This self-sustaining redox-hydroxyl loop establishes a scalable, low-carbon paradigm for circular plastic valorization. Under mild conditions, the system delivers excellent degradation performance and stability, demonstrating scalability for kilogram-scale recovery.
研究领域:
催化化学
·
可持续化学
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高分子科学
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化学工程
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环境科学
·
能源与燃料
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）