JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Xin Su,Chunquan Liu,Jing Liu,Guanyi Chen,Beibei Yan,Jingang Yao,Zhanjun Cheng,Weiming Yi
Arundo donax, acknowledged for its elevated energy content, substantial biomass yield and rapid growth, stands as an alluring candidate for biofuel production. In this investigation, a molecular sieve-based catalyst was utilized to scrutinize the catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of Arundo donax, aiming for the production of naphtha-range compounds. The study also encompassed the evaluation of pyrolysis product yields within a fixed-bed reactor. The systematic exploration included an assessment of the impacts arising from catalyst type, temperature, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), and N 2 flow rate. The results demonstrated that at 500 °C, WHSV of 1 h −1 and N 2 flow rate of 300 ml/min, SAPO-11 exhibited a selectivity of 64.55% to naphtha-range compounds and 64.55% to isomerous naphtha-range compounds. This was in stark contrast to the control group, which contained no catalyst (with a selectivity of 41.40% and 3.19%, respectively), SAPO-41 (with a selectivity of 11.02% and 9.55%, respectively) and HZSM-5 (with a selectivity of 59.89% and 53.51%, respectively). Additionally, SAPO-11 yielded the highest bio-oil compared to other catalysts (SAPO-11 of 28.52 wt% > none of 19.48 wt% > HZSM-5 of 18.90 wt% > SAPO-41 of 13.11 wt%). The conclusions drawn from these findings imply that the synthesized SAPO-11 catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity and isomerization proficiency in contrast to other catalysts (SAPO-41 and HZSM-5). Remarkably, under the specified conditions of SAPO-11 catalyst, temperature = 500 °C, WHSV = 1 h −1 and N 2 flow rate = 200 ml/min, the CFP process yielded a remarkable maximum absolute yield of the naphtha-range compound at 25.82 wt%, with an isomerized naphtha-range compound absolute yield of 25.35 wt%.
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高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2024
·
IF 6.9
Qiang Wang,Chun-guang Song,Hai-qing Hao,Meng Wang,Zong-yu Feng,Yong-qi Zhang,Xiang-xin Xue,Xiao-wei Huang
Wastewater recycling is the desired goal of the rare earth separation plants for current ecological requirements and economic benefit. The MgCl 2 wastewater generated during rare earth extraction and separation process was treated by spray pyrolysis for the first time to achieve full recycling. The kinetic of spray pyrolysis process and the mechanism affecting the activity of MgO powder were investigated. The results showed that the rate determining step of MgCl 2 solution spray pyrolysis was transformed from a chemical reaction control to a diffusion process control after the temperature exceeded 1073 K. The MgO powder prepared by spray pyrolysis was rough and porous, the embedding of Cl made MgO grains severely distorted, producing more defects. Meanwhile, polycrystalline basic magnesium chloride likewise had more defects. These two points resulted a higher density of defects of MgO powders, and causing higher activity. Moreover, at a temperature of 1173 K, MgCl 2 concentration of 300 g/L and N 2 flow rate of 40 L/min, the thermal decomposition rate of MgCl 2 reached 99.54%, the alkalinity of the powder reached 0.045 mol/g, and the iodine absorption value reached 102.72 mg I 2 /g MgO. Meanwhile, the high purity hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 6.70 mol/L was obtained.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Yuge Yan,Xiaofeng Gu,Mingyang Zhou,Zhijie Wang,Xifen Gong,Yu Chen,Qingyu Li,Jiang Liu
Here we use the electrochemical hydrogen pump derived from a protonic ceramic cell (PCC) to realize the first demonstration of separating hydrogen from simulated peanut shell pyrolysis gas (64% H 2 , 26% CO, 4% CO 2 , and 6% CH 4 ). The single PCC is configured with a thick Ni–BaCe 0.7 Zr 0·1 Y 0·2 O 3-δ cathode, a thin BaCe 0·7 Zr 0·1 Y 0·18 Fe 0·02 O 3-δ electrolyte, and an Ag–Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 1.9 anode with an effective area of 1.5 cm 2 . At 650 °C and a feeding current density of −500 mA cm −2 , a hydrogen flux of 2.34 ml min −1 cm −2 , a Faradaic efficiency of 62%, and a hydrogen recovery rate of 29% are achieved. In addition, 20 wt% Ni is mixed into the Ag-GDC electrode to achieve a hydrogen flux of 3.68 ml min −1 cm −2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 97%. Additionally, a 20-h measurement for PCCs with the Ni-mixed electrode shows the hydrogen fluxes and Faradaic efficiencies of above 1.49 ml min −1 cm −2 and 98%, respectively.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Wenjing Zhao,Shanjian Liu,Ning Li,Jiawen Zhang,Guanshuai Zhang,Shuntao Xu
The product distribution of cellulose pyrolysis at varying nitrogen carrier and temperature was studied in a tube furnace, elucidating the reaction mechanism of cellulose and urea (chitosan) in CO 2 pyrolysis. The nitrogen-rich pyrolysis in CO 2 atmosphere improves the nitrogen compound content in bio-oil. CO 2 , serving as a mild oxidizing agent, enhances the production and release of biochar volatiles and the creation of additional pores. This leads to an improved development of porosity across the micropore, mesopore, and macropore ranges. When the mixing ratio of urea is 60% at 550 ℃, the highest nitrogen compound content is 45.03%, which is 1.7 times higher than that in N 2 atmosphere. When the mass mixture ratio of chitosan is less than 60%, its content reaches its maximum at 500 ℃, reaching 13.32%, which is 1.2 times the content under N 2 atmosphere. The formation paths of oxygen compounds (aldehydes, ketones and alcohols) and main nitrogen compounds (pyridine, pyrrole, imidazole and pyrazine) in bio-oils under CO 2 atmosphere are discussed. The coupling relationship between biochar N functional groups and the generation of bio-oil N heterocyclic substances was proposed.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Wenqi Chen,Yanping Zhou,Yijun Wang,Yu Zhong,Yutian Yu,Kama Huang
Environmental crises caused by plastic pollution have spurred the development of novel recovery and upcycling methods. In this study, a microwave magnetic field and magnetic catalyst cracking strategy based on a microwave multi-ridge field compressed reactor was proposed to efficiently convert polyethylene into hydrogen and high-quality carbon nanotubes while minimising energy consumption. A series of catalysts with different iron and cobalt contents was prepared and evaluated for hydrogen production from polyethylene cracking. A high hydrogen yield of 61.6 mmol·g -1 plastic was obtained in the magnetic field position with an energy consumption of only 5 W·h g -1 plastic , whereas the hydrogen yield was 45.7 mmol·g -1 plastic under microwave electric field. Under microwave magnetic field activation, the magnetic catalyst CoFeO x exhibited higher selectivity for H 2 than hydrocarbons in waste plastics. In addition, high hydrogen yields were achieved by varying the ratio of the catalyst feedstock in the electric field and intermediate positions of the reactor. This reactor separates the microwave fields in the reactor and places catalysts with different absorption characteristics at different positions, which can significantly improve the efficiency of microwave energy utilisation.
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JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2024
·
IF 3
Zou Yanyan,Li Yaoqiang,Zhang Jiaqing,Guo Yi,Song Tonglei,Li Kaiyuan,Xu Mingjun
The incineration of a large number of old cables leads to the problem of green recycling and causes a lot of environmental problems. This paper investigates the effect of copper oxide (CuO) capture of chlorine (Cl) in the pyrolysis recycling of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based waste cable outer sheath, focusing on the redistribution of the contaminant Cl components under the action of oxygen (O 2 ). Analytical methods such as ion chromatography and diffraction of X-rays are employed to measure and quantify the dynamic changes of the Cl-containing three-phase products during the pyrolysis process. The results indicate that, compared to copper (Cu), the oxidized state of CuO and O 2 -rich conditions can enhance the capture of Cl. With increasing O 2 supply, 1.71–6.33 mass% of gas-phase Cl and 14.52–29.96 mass% of liquid-phase Cl convert into 16.23–36.29 mass% of solid-phase Cl. CuO reacts directly with the PVC component of the outer sheath in a solid–solid reaction, significantly reducing the generation of polluting Cl-containing aromatic compounds in the liquid-phase tar and synergistically facilitating CaCO 3 components to intimately contact with the pyrolysis gas to capture HCl. The originally stable CuCl 2 crystals are oxidized again to enter into cyclic adsorption in the form of CuO under O 2 -rich conditions. Cl is more fixed in the residue and primarily exists in the form of stable and safe CuCl 2 and CaCl 2 metallic compounds. This study has clearly elucidated the efficient in situ green solidification mechanism of Cl during the treatment of cable waste with CuO in the presence of O 2 , providing new recommendations for cable sheath formulations and solid waste management.
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WASTE MANAGEMENT
·
2025
·
IF 7.1
Yuxue Zhang,Zhaoyong Liu,Jiahui Wang,Hui Du,Qi Sun,Ruitong Gao,Zhenming Xu
Recycling Li from spent lithium ion batteries (SLIBs) in an efficient and highly selective manner could protect the environment and introduce the circular economy principle to society. Simultaneously, the urgent need to address plastic waste, particularly polyvinyl chloride (PVC), has become a global concern. In this work, a strategy for Li extraction through synergetic pyrolysis of LiMn 2 O 4 cathode materials (LMO) and PVC is proposed. Under optimal conditions, the recovery rates of lithium and manganese reached 99.89 % and 0.02 %, respectively, demonstrating efficient separation of these elements. Temperature was found to play a critical role in the leaching rates of lithium and manganese by promoting the decomposition and reduction of LMO. Additionally, kinetic analysis shows that the activation energy ( E a ) of the synergetic pyrolysis is 139.60 KJ/mol, and the pyrolysis mechanism satisfies third-order reaction process. Eventually, the proposed mechanism involves the synergistic effects of chlorination and reduction reactions. First, HCl is generated by PVC pyrolysis under the catalytic effect of LMO. Then, the chlorination of HCl with LMO occurs by capturing structural oxygen and generating LiCl and MnCl 2 . Simultaneously, the reduction reaction between the reducing species generated by PVC pyrolysis and LMO occurs to form Li 2 O and MnO, ultimately enabling the separation of lithium and manganese. Overall, this paper presents a novel approach for future applications by providing a theoretical basis for selective Li extraction.
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PubMed
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Xiying Jia,Yi Wei,Renhao Si,Cheng Wang,Pengzi Guo,Jianbing Ji
The Ni was dissolved as metal fog for homogeneous catalytic pyrolysis cellulose to produce H 2 -rich syngas in the molten carbonates. The Ni atoms firstly contact with CO 3 2− to form NiCO 3 in molten carbonate, then quickly decomposes into nickel oxide . The undissolved Ni atoms agglomerate with nickel oxide and remained nickel carbonate to synthesize metal cluster. The XRD and ex-situ Raman spectroscopy indicate that the oxidation state of the catalyst is between 0 (Ni sample) and +2 (NiO sample), meanwhile the TEM proposed that smaller particle size (50 nm) and higher dispersion of catalyst compared with raw Ni powder. Ni metal fog formed are expected to maximizing the production of H 2 -rich syngas by catalyzing cleavage of C–C and C–H bonds, which further contributes to tar cracking and water-gas shift reaction. The molten carbonate together with Ni metal fog pyrolysis cellulose achieved the maximum hydrogen yield of 289.16 ml/g-cellulose at 575 °C. A recycling study indicated that the hydrogen generated after five recycling cycles of the system was still maintained 289.05 ml/g-cellulose.
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 142
·期 3
·e56377
·
IF 2.7
Yaqi Ge,Pengfei Diao,Xiangxu Li,Yukun Zhou,Zhenchun Xu,Huiguang Bian,Yao Xiao,Chuansheng Wang
In this paper, pyrolysis carbon black (CBp) was introduced into nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), the effects of the ratio of CBp and carbon black (N326) on the properties of NBR composites were investigated, and the optimal ratio was determined. On this basis, the accelerator DPG, coupling agent KH550 and CBp were modified by ball milling and plasma. The results showed that when the ratio of CBp to N326 was 40:15, the overall properties of NBR composites was better. Compared with the unmodified CBp/NBR composites, the change rate of tensile product, resilience and DIN abrasion of ball milling-plasma modified CBp/NBR composites in oil environment were reduced by 52.96%, 12.81%, and 27.19%, respectively, and the tear strength after double damage by high temperature and oil bath was increased by 15.63%, which resulted in better oil and high temperature-resistance. In summary, the ball milling-plasma combined with DPG/KH550 modified CBp can not only replace N326 carbon black, but also realize the preparation of NBR composites with better oil and high temperature-resistance.
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高影响因子
ENERGY
·
2024
·
IF 9
Xijie Ban,Wei Yu,Chao Liu
The thermal stability of working fluids is a crucial property studied in the selection of organic Rankine cycle fluids, as they may undergo decomposition at elevated temperatures. In previous studies, siloxanes have been identified as promising choices for ORCs. However, research on the thermal stability of siloxanes in ORCs has been relatively limited. This study investigates the thermal stability and pyrolysis mechanism of MD 2 M through a combination of experiment, DFT simulation, and ReaxFF-MD calculation. The experiment revealed that MD 2 M exhibits poor thermal stability, with a decomposition rate of approximately 1.82 % at 200 °C in 72h. Consequently, it is unsuitable for operating in ORCs at temperatures of 200 °C and above. The primary gas products in the pyrolysis of MD 2 M include CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , CO, and CO 2 , among others. ReaxFF-MD and DFT elucidated the thermal decomposition mechanism of MD 2 M. The Gibbs free energy barriers for Si–C bond cleavage reactions are relatively lowest, measured at 352.98 and 341.33 kJ mol −1 , respectively. Simultaneously, methylation of the terminal Si atom is likely to represent the primary reaction pathway for the initial decomposition.
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JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Weijuan Lan,Yunlong Zhou,Jiaxin Liu,Yingxian Wang,Xin Jin,Dongxue Yin,Jiangtao Ji,Gaixiu Yang,Huan Zhang
Biomass carbon materials have attracted attention in various fields due to their excellent properties. In this study, CH 4 derived from biomass pyrolysis was utilized as a carbon source gas to synthesize carbon materials by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in a two-stage reactor with purification system, with Fe 3+ -loaded nickel foam as the substrate under an argon atmosphere, using a self-designed experimental platform. The reaction process was optimized by examining the effects of the catalyst type, reaction temperature, reaction time, and gas flow rate on the structure and morphology of the carbon materials. The optimal preparation condition was to use FeCl 3 ethanol solution as catalyst, with CH 4 flow rate of 50 ml/min at 1000 °C for 25 min. The high quality carbon materials with uniform diameters (250–500 nm) were obtained on nickel foam substrate. The carbon materials obtained under optimal conditions were characterized and analyzed to investigate their excellent properties. Surface morphology and structure of as-formed carbon materials were characterized by SEM. The analysis of the XRD spectra and the Raman spectroscopy showed that the graphite diffraction peak (002) at 26.6°, the calculated intensity ratios for I D / I G and I 2D / I G were 0.257 and 0.545, respectively, indicated high degree of graphitization and purity of the carbon materials. Furthermore, the growth mechanism of carbon materials on the nickel foam substrate was discussed.
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高影响因子
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 6.7
Luji Yang,Yuhui Cai,Hao Liu,Rui Yang
Plastics are like a double-edged sword, offering different properties to meet various demands of modern life, but they degrade into micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs), posing environmental and health risks. Despite growing interest in the quantification of MNPs, achieving on-site determination of MNPs in water samples remains challenging due to costly and cumbersome instrumentation. Herein, a simple method coupling a miniature point discharge optical emission spectrometer (μPD-OES) with a portable pyrolyzer (Pyr) was proposed to monitor the total MNP pollution. Total organic carbon (TOC) serves as the MNP quantification index. After sulfonation and Fenton digestion, MNPs and other particulate nonblack carbon organic matter were removed, leaving only particulate black carbon (PBC). MNPs and PBC are collected via potassium peroxodisulfate oxidation and Fenton digestion. The TOC of MNPs can be calculated as the difference. After digestion, the collected MNPs were decomposed in the portable pyrolyzer to generate pyrolysis products, which were purged into a μPD-OES for the detection of carbon atomic emission lines. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method attained a detection limit of 0.43–8.56 μg C L–1, with a precision (RSD, n = 11) better than 4.0%. The proposed method was successfully applied to detect MNPs in tap water, river water, seawater, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater samples, and the results obtained were in good agreement with a commercial TOC analyzer, confirming that the method possesses sensitivity and accuracy and reduced need for costly, bulky instruments, while minimizing energy consumption, offering strong potential for rapid, sensitive, and precise MNPs monitoring.
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高影响因子
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