JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
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2023
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IF 9.9
Guodong Liu,Zijian Wang,Jianing Wang,Hanbin Liu,Zhijian Li
Multicolor electrochromic devices have gained attention widely. To support the development of multicolor electrochromic devices, we studied complementary combinations of a multicolor switchable polyaniline (PANI) electrode and 1-methyl-4,4′-bipyridyl iodide (MBI). In particular, MBI acting as an electrolyte and cathodic electrochromic layer can not only simplify the architecture of a device, but also support the color richness of the device simultaneously. Wide band optical modulation in visible light (58.1% at 550 nm) and near-infrared light (35% at 800 nm) confirms the advantageous optical properties of the combination, possessing a wide color gamut range over a range of working voltages adjustable for red, yellow, green, blue, and purple, each having a high color contrast of up to 73.8. This is accompanied by the excellent electrochemical performances of the mentioned combination, such as a fast response time of 1 s/1.9 s (modulating 77%-colored/bleached) with good cycle stability, and high coloration efficiency of 140.63 cm 2 /C. In addition, utilizing a screen-printed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a masking barrier layer, it is possible to display patterned anti-counterfeit information within the application. Given these electrochromic performance properties, it is considered a readily feasible strategy to utilize PANI and MBI combination to develop novel electrochromic devices, which can be used widely in the areas of smart packaging, smart labels, and flexible smart windows associated with specific application scenarios.
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PubMed
高影响因子
DYES AND PIGMENTS
·
2023
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IF 4.5
Yu Zhou,Zitao Wang,Yajie Ke,Jianming Zheng,Chunye Xu
To minimize the colored state transmittance of the device in the ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) region (300–800 nm), we applied the idea of spectral complementary absorption to design electrochromic devices with transparent to black transition. Benzothiadiazole viologen (BV) and trisaminocyclopropenium ions (TAC) organic materials with dark blue and red coloration states were selected to prepare electrochromic devices with extremely low transmittance, here TAC is used as electrochromic material for the first time. The electrochromic devices do not require any supporting electrolytes . By controlling the concentration ratio of two materials, we achieved the ultra-low transmittance (0.33%), extremely low relative luminance (%Y L = 0.12%), and fairly high coloring efficiency (341.9 cm 2 /C) of the TB-1 (0.05 mol/L TAC, 0.05 mol/L BV) device. Meanwhile, the TB-2 (0.0375 mol/L TAC, 0.05 mol/L BV) device possesses high transmittance contrast (81.79%) and very good long-cycle stability (4000 cycles, 96.1%).
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Applied Materials Today
·
2024
·
IF 7.2
Le Huy Thai,Le Thi Thanh Nhi,Truong Chau Giang,Nguyen Minh Hiep,Truong Quang Trung,Tran Quang Hung,Le Hoang Sinh
A new 3D printed multicolor Prussian blue-viologen inorganic-organic hybrid electrochromic device was successfully developed using digital light processing. Photocurable 1-(2 cyanophenyl)-1′-(2-hydroxyethyl)-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium (CPHEV)-based ionogel was printed on ITO glass as an electrochromic layer. The thin film of Prussian blue (PB) was electrodeposited on another ITO glass as an ion storage layer. With PB thin film, the ECDs exhibited a bleaching time 330 times faster than that of ECDs without PB. The ECD showed excellent electrochromic performance with a high color contrast ratio of 93.4 % at -2.5 V with a pulse width of 5 s. Moreover, the ECDs also exhibited multi-coloration in L*a*b* color space with the highest different color points (ΔE* ab ) value of 75.2 between the bleaching state and coloring state. A high coloration efficiency of the ECD was obtained at 296 cm 2 C -1 corresponding to 60 % of a full optical switch at -2.5 V. The 3D printed ECD was successfully demonstrated using digital light processing (DLP) with high dimensional accuracy and resolution.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2018
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IF 5.116
Shan Zhao,Weidong Huang,Zisheng Guan,Biao Jin,Debao Xiao
Electrochromism and related devices have been studied for a few decades from both fundamental and technological point of view. At the present stage, screening electrochromic materials with excellent properties is still an interesting job. In our previous work, we have demonstrated that hydroxyalkyl viologens could exhibit satisfying electrochromic behavior. Further, in this paper, the bis(dihydroxyalkyl) viologen, (1,1‘-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) 4,4‘-bipyridine derivative dichloride, DHPV 2+ 2Cl - , was synthesized and incorporated as an electrochromic chromophore in the all-in-one electrochromic devices (ECDs) on the basis of poly (vinyl butyal) (PVB)-carbonate and poły (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-borax gel electrolytes, respectively. It was found that DHPV 2+ 2Cl - in PVB-based gel ECDs underwent reversible switching between transparent and deep blue hue, whereas the clear color changes from colorlessness to amaranth in PVA-borax-based ones upon the potential ranges from 0 V to −1.0 V. For PVB-based gel ECD, spectroelectrochemical studies demonstrated that it only needs a low coloration voltage down to −0.6 V, and exhibites high coloration efficiency (η) up to 301 cm 2 /C. The optical contrast of it only reduces by 1% after consecutive operation for 10000 cycles between −1.0 V and 0 V, demonstrating an excellent cycling stability of this kind of device. The ECD based on PVA-borax gel modified with glycerol shows burgundy, and good electrochromic performance. It is interesting to note that a relatively large-area PVB-based gel electrochromic devices up to 168 cm 2 was realized, the driving voltage and response time being −1.5 V and 12 s, respectively, for blue-violet coloration state. The advantages of electrochromic properties exhibited by 1,1‘-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) viologen dichloride over those reported can be regarded as a pronounced improvement for organic electrochromic materials , and are expected to set the stage for novel electrochromic devices such as smart window and display applications and so forth.
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
·
2024
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IF 2.8
Lu Li,Weiyi Chen,Meng Wang,Xinjiang Shi,Shiming Zhang,Debao Xiao
In this paper, we present the first application of organic hole-transporting semiconductors 4,4′,4′'-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA) and 4,4′-cyclohexylbis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl) aniline] (TAPC) in electrochromism area, demonstrating that TCTA or TAPC is suitable for use as hole-transporting materials on the anode of 1,1′-bis(3-sulfopropyl) viologen (SPV)-based electrochromic devices. For such devices, we obtain a decreased driving voltage of SPV-based electrochromic devices down to −2.0 V in the presence of TCTA or TAPC with comparison to that of ca. −2.5 V in the absence of the hole-transporting material. The optical contrast of the device increased from 57.19 % (without hole-transport layer) to 66.41 % (TCTA) or 62.97 % (TAPC) at 533 nm. The response time of 66.2 s in the absence of hole-transporting layer can decrease to 30.6 s with TCTA and 62.7 s with TAPC, respectively. The coloration efficiency of the as-fabricated devices at 533 nm can reach from 67.3 cm 2 /C (SPV-only) up to 153.2 cm 2 /C (TCTA) and 80.5 cm 2 /C (TAPC). This work paved a new way for boosting electrochromic performances of viologen-based devices via electrode modification of anode by hole-transporting material TCTA and TAPC which have been used effectively and efficiently in organic electroluminescent devices and solar cells.
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高影响因子
Materials Today Chemistry
·
2025
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IF 6.7
Le Huy Thai,Le Thi Thanh Nhi,Nguyen Minh Hiep,Dinh Thanh Khan,Trinh Ngoc Dat,Le Vu Truong Son,Le Hoang Sinh
A new all-in-one electrochromic device was demonstrated by employing photocurable methacrylated viologen and polyaniline/UiO-66/NiO/ZnO composite (PUNZ). Methacrylated viologen was dissolved in a photocurable deep eutectic solvent to make electrochromic eutectogel. PUNZ film was electrophoresed on ITO glass and was used as an electrode. UiO-66 can play as an electron donor combined with viologen moieties as electron acceptors to form an electron acceptor-donor complex. ZnO nanoflowers provide fast electron transfer leading to fast switching of the ECD. PANI and NiO can play as ion storage materials, which reduces ion trapping. The ECD with the use of PUNZ film can enhance coloration efficiency, lowering internal resistance, and increase ion conductivity. PUNZ120@ITO-based ECD exhibited a bleaching time 213 times faster than that of the device without using PUNZ film. The optical modulation of PUNZ120@ITO-based ECD maintains up to 95 % after 50 cycles, whereas that of the device without PUNZ film is 46 %.
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高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
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2024
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IF 6.3
Kui Du,Ye Wu,Hu Xie,Dong-yun Jiang,Cheng-bin Gong,Qian Tang
In this paper, a novel electrochromic material of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-extended viologen derivative with good coplanarity and electron acceptor-electron donor-electron acceptor structure, BPYO-C 6 H 13 , was synthesized, and a polyacrylamide-sodium alginate dual network hydrogel (PAM-SA) with advantages of low cost, environmental protection, good biocompatibility, high optical transmittance (>85 %), good mechanical properties and good ionic conductivity (16.61 mS cm −1 ) was developed as the electrochromic hydrogel matrix for gel-state electrochromic devices based on BPYO-C 6 H 13 (PAM-SA-ECD). BPYO-C 6 H 13 showed good electrochromic properties in both solution-state electrochromic devices and gel-state electrochromic devices, and PAM-SA-ECD had a lower operating voltage (−1.4 V versus −1.7 V), a higher optical contrast (48.4 % versus 33.1 % and 22.1 %) as well as a higher coloration efficiency (348.7 cm 2 /C versus 234.8 and 120.7 cm 2 /C). Compared to PAM-SA gel-state electrochromic devices based on 1,1′-dihexyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium, BPYO-C 6 H 13 with 1,3,4-oxadiazole π-extender showed a different colored state (green versus pink) and a higher coloration efficiency (348.7 cm 2 /C versus 275.9 cm 2 /C) due to different conjugated structure. PAM-SA-ECD was applied in smart windows and solar cell-powered displays, suggesting BPYO-C 6 H 13 is promising in energy-saving fields.
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高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·
IF 5.8
Jingli Tang,Yichao Wang,Jiayu Ma,Yuanyuan Zhang,Liqian Huang,Xueli Wang,Jianyong Yu
Asymmetric electrode reactivity confines viologen redox to ITO interface. • Ag/TiO₂ conduction band edge prevents electron transfer to viologen. • Voltage polarity reversal achieves electrochemically controlled bleaching. • Textile-based planar device design suits wearable electrochromic applications. This study addresses the key challenge of slow bleaching kinetics in conventional viologen-based electrochromic devices (ECDs) employing solid/gel electrolytes by proposing a novel electrode engineering strategy based on differentiated electrode reactivity. The Ag/TiO₂ fabric electrode, due to the semiconducting properties of its TiO₂ coating, exhibits insufficient reducing power to drive the reduction and coloration of dissolved viologen cations. Leveraging this principle, an asymmetric planar ECD with reaction "directionality" was constructed, consisting of an ITO electrode paired with an Ag/TiO₂ fabric electrode in a side-by-side configuration. In this design, the viologen coloration/bleaching reactions are effectively "confined" to the ITO electrode interface. Simply switching the polarity of the applied voltage (±1.0 V) enables controllable coloration (7.4 s) and active bleaching (16.5 s), which is over 98% faster than the natural diffusion-driven bleaching observed under open-circuit conditions (>900 s). Unlike conventional approaches that require complementary electroactive layers or immobilized redox species, this strategy circumvents the slow spontaneous back-reaction solely through electrode-level thermodynamic control. Furthermore, by patterning the ITO electrode, its potential for applications in flexible displays was demonstrated. This work provides a novel and effective electrode engineering strategy for developing high-performance, rapidly switchable, and designable wearable electrochromic devices. Download: Download high-res image (182KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2026
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IF 10.6
Fangcao Li,Jiaqi Zhao,Chao Zhu,Chi Cheng,Chuanlong Chen,Fang Lv,Xuyang Zhang,Min Liu,Qishuai Ma,Weiming Li,Chuang Xue
Anaerobic fermentation suffers from unavoidable carbon loss due to pyruvate decarboxylation during glycolysis, imposing a stoichiometric upper limit on carbon recovery and product yield. Anaerobic non-photosynthetic mixotrophy (ANPM) using syntrophic Clostridium co-cultures enables the re-assimilation of CO2 and reducing equivalents through the metabolic coupling of sugar fermentation and gas-fixing metabolism; however, its efficiency remains constrained by inefficient, contact-dependent interspecies electron transfer. Here, we report a hybrid biochar-methyl viologen (BM) composite designed to function as a synthetic electron transfer interface to enhance microbial cooperation in a C. acetobutylicum–C. ljungdahlii co-culture system. The BM composite is designed to combine conductive pathways and interfacial redox activity, providing a biocompatible scaffold for microbial attachment and indirect electron exchange without continuous cell–cell contact. The redox mediator is effectively confined within the composite, exhibiting minimal leaching (<0.002% over 7 days). The BM-assisted system achieved a butanol yield of 0.39 g g−1, the highest reported to date for fermentative butanol production, with carbon recovery reaching 90.32%. Butanol titers reached 17.07 ± 0.06 g L−1 at 37 °C and 19.99 ± 0.16 g L−1 at 25 °C, representing substantial improvements over conventional fermentation. This work demonstrates that engineered conductive-redox materials can overcome carbon loss in fermentation, providing a practical strategy for carbon-efficient and high-yield biofuel production.
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高影响因子
DYES AND PIGMENTS
·
2020
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IF 4.613
Yujie Zhang,Xinjiang Shi,Sixuan Xiao,Debao Xiao
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) which able to absorb the solar spectrum of visible (400–780 nm) and infrared (780–2000 nm) have attracted considerable attention due to the light control and energy-saving properties. In this paper, a electrochromic derived derivative of viologens, bis (2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl) viologen bromide (HEV 2+ 2Br − ) was successfully synthesized and added to novel environmentally benign hydrogel electrolytes containg deionized water , sodium carboxymethyl chitosan and vitamin C (as electron mediators for the first time) as an electrochromic chromophore . The electrochromic devices on the basic of electrochromic materials (HEV 2+ 2Br − ) and hydrogel electrolytes underwent reversible switching between colorlessness and deep purple hues upon the potential ranges from 0 V to −1.2 V. Spectroelectrochemical studies demonstrated that HEV-based gel devices showed exceptional electrochromic behaviors with low driving voltage of −0.80 V, satisfactory optical contrast (unambiguously exceeded 64.13%) and high coloration efficiency (up to 243 cm 2 /C at 520 nm and 119 cm 2 /C at 865 nm) in the visible and infrared radiation. In consideration of their good electrochromic performance and environmentally friendly properties of benign hydrogel electrolytes containing HEV, the HEV-based gel devices have brilliant potentialities as candidates for related electrochromic applications for energy-efficient architecture.
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高影响因子
DYES AND PIGMENTS
·
2019
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IF 4.018
Sixuan Xiao,Yujie Zhang,Long Ma,Shan Zhao,Nan Wu,Debao Xiao
In this paper, 1,1′-bis (2-sulfonatoethyl) viologen (SEV) and 1,1′-bis (3-sulfonatopropyl) viologen (SPV) as chromophore were synthesized and used to fabricate hydrogel-based electrochromic devices . The electrochromic hydrogel, consisting of SEV (or SPV), water, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 1,1′-ferrocenedimethanol, was employed to fabricate all-in-one electrochromic devices. The proposed SEV/SPV-based hydrogel electrochromic devices have satisfactory coloration efficiency up to 304 cm 2 /C, response times below 3 s and driving voltages below −0.8 V. Surprisingly, SEV-based hydrogel and SPV-based hydrogel electrochromic device showed high cycling stability, attenuating 2% after 10000 cycles and attenuating 1% after 8000 cycles, respectively. The easy-to-make process for device and outstanding electrochromic properties of the hydrogel containing SEV and SPV make it promising to achieve environmentally benign electrochromic devices for smart windows and so forth.
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高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 2.5
Lin Yin,Chen-xin Yang,Yu-xuan Han,Hao Zhang,Feng-lu Jiang,Wen-tao Zhong,Chengbin Gong,Qian Tang
This work aims to investigate the electrochromic behavior of an asymmetric disubstituted viologen containing a quaternary ammonium group in semi-solid hydrogel state electrochromic devices. An asymmetric disubstituted viologen BTMAPP3+3〖Br〗^- was synthesized as the electrochromic material, and two symmetric disubstituted viologens (DTMAPP4+4〖Br〗^- and DBP2+2〖Br〗^-) were synthesized as the control electrochromic materials. Polyacrylamide hydrogel state ECDs based on three electrochromic materials were assembled by in-situ photo-initiated polymerization of acrylamide under UV light, and their electrochemical and electrochromic performance were investigated. They showed similar electrochemical performance. They also required a same working voltage and achieved a similar color change from colorless bleached state to blue-purple colored state. It’s noteworthy that the ECD based on BTMAPP3+3〖Br〗^- showed a better cycling stability (retaining of the initial optical contrast after 16,000 s monitored: 95.6% versus 70.7% and 78.5%) and a higher coloration efficiency (115 cm2/C versus 96 cm2/C and 103 cm2/C) compared to the PAM ECDs based on two symmetric disubstituted viologen. The results indicate that an asymmetric disubstituted viologen containing a quaternary ammonium group can enhance the cycling stability of the gel-state ECD through suppressing the formation of radical cation dimers. The all-in-one semi-solid hydrogel state ECDs based on BTMAPP3+3〖Br〗^- with advantages of easy-to-make process, good cycling stability, low operating voltage, high coloration efficiency and low power consumption offer a new choice for electronic labels, solar cell powered displays, smart windows, etc.
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