JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
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2026
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IF 6.5
Siwei Yan,Kezhen Qian,Dezhen Chen
The catalytic conversion of plastic waste is often complicated by additives. This study systematically investigates the influence of nonylphenol, a common oxygenated additive, on the catalytic performance of HY (FAU-type) and HZSM-5 (MFI-type) zeolites using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and n -octane. The research revealed that nonylphenol exhibits a dual role: it provides an initial activity enhancement via bimolecular hydride transfer but more significantly acts as a potent coke precursor, driving rapid deactivation through pore-mouth blockage. Although nonylphenol accelerated deactivation, it did not alter the fundamental cracking pathway of n -octane on either zeolite. There are significant differences in deactivation behavior and selectivity trends between HDPE raw materials and n -octane model compounds. This discrepancy reveals the limitations of using n -octane as models to predict catalyst behavior in polyethylene catalytic cracking.
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Catalysts
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 2
·116
·
IF 4
Chen Chen,Chenhao Yang,Hongke Li,Yiran Liu,Yao Chen,Yunlei Zhang
Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) represents an environmentally friendly pathway for converting 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into the high-value chemical 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF). However, its selectivity and Faradaic efficiency are often constrained by competitive hydrogen evolution at the cathode and insufficient supply of active hydrogen at the surface. To address this challenge, this study developed an Ir-decorated copper oxide nanowire catalyst (denoted as CuIr) featuring a hydrogen-rich adsorption (Hads) surface. The incorporation of Ir significantly enhances the catalyst’s water dissociation capacity, creating abundant Hadssources that selectively accelerate HMF hydrogenation while suppressing side reactions. Under a mild applied potential of −0.45 V vs. RHE and a current density of approximately −20 mA cm−2, the optimal CuIr40catalyst achieved near-complete conversion of HMF (99%), a BHMF yield of 99%, and a high Faradaic efficiency of 97% within 120 min of electrolysis. Mechanistic studies reveal that this catalytic leap stems from the synergistic functional interaction between Cu and Ir sites in substrate activation and hydrogen supply. This work presents a novel strategy for designing efficient electrocatalysts for biomass hydrogenation by regulating surface Hadsconcentration.
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POLYMER
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Junhong Liu,Xiang Wang,Ruomei Wu,Haiyun Jiang
The copolymer P(TT -co- ICA) was prepared with different ratio of 2,2’:5′,2″-trithiophene (TT) and indole-6-carboxylic acid (ICA) via the potentiostatic method. The film structure was characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical and electrochromic properties were investigated through chromametry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and spectroelectrochemical techniques. The P(TT -co- ICA) achieves a color difference (ΔE) of 85.19, substantially higher than the 12.30 observed for the PICA. The optical bandgap of P(TT -co- ICA) (2.43-2.49 eV) is lower than that of PICA (2.52 eV). P(TT -co- ICA) exhibited excellent color modulation capability, displaying reversible transitions between orange-yellow, gray-green, and blue-gray at different applied potentials. Furthermore, P(TT -co- ICA) demonstrates superior optical contrast (35.6–56.8%), high coloration efficiency (127–252 cm 2 /C), and satisfactory cycling stability (53–78% retention). These findings indicate that the incorporation of the TT monomer effectively enhances both the color difference and electrochromic performance of the P(TT -co- ICA) , establishing it as a promising candidate material for electrochromic applications.
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FUEL
·
2026
·
IF 7.8
Tonggui Liu,Botian Hao,Guanyu Jiang,Donghai Xu,Haochuang Li,Xingshuo Zhang,Xin Ding,Lili Qian,Yang Guo,Shuzhong Wang
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was identified as a promising technology for the conversion of wet municipal sludge (MS) into liquid biofuel. However, the oil product (biocrude) derived from MS exhibited high O content and low higher heating value (HHV). These issues severely limited its application as a biofuel. In this study, a catalytic hydrogenation process was employed to upgrade the sludge biocrude. ZSM-5 zeolites were selected as catalysts. A series of alkali modification studies were conducted. Furthermore, the mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation upgrading was analyzed. The results indicated that the modified ZSM-5 (NaOH + TPAOH-ZSM-5), prepared via mixed organic and inorganic alkali modification, exhibited the best hydrogenation performance, with synergistic meso -microporous structures. This catalyst significantly enhanced the deoxygenation efficiency, increasing from 33.76% for ZSM-5 to 75.02%% for NaOH + TPAOH-ZSM-5 (300 °C, 40 min). Meanwhile, the hydrocarbons content in the upgraded biocrude exceeded 50%. Additionally, the content of heavy oil fraction (>C20) decreased from 83.68% to 13.66%. The study confirmed that the modification of the ZSM-5 pore structure facilitated the formation of mesopores. This structure allowed macromolecular substrates to enter the catalyst channels and participate in the reaction. Consequently, the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation effect on the biocrude was effectively enhanced. This work provided an experimental basis for the application of dual-alkali modified ZSM-5 in catalytic upgrading of sludge hydrothermal biocrude.
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CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 3.6
Lin Zhou,Zhanghong Guo,Haining Cui,Jinxin Ma,Chan Wang,Qijun Song
Direct transformation of biomass-derived platform compound 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) represents a highly attractive route with significant environmental and economic benefits. The nanozymes with oxidase-like (OXD-like) activity hold great promise for the green oxidation of HMF to FDCA. Herein, an iridium-coated γ-Fe 2 O 3 core-shell nanozyme (γ-Fe 2 O 3 @Ir) was prepared by the reduction of Ir 3+ with glycerol on the surface of γ-Fe 2 O 3, and the structure of the γ-Fe 2 O 3 @Ir nanozyme was confirmed by XRD, HAADF-STEM image, and elemental line-scan analyses results. The magnetic property of the nanozyme not only facilitates its recovery but also effectively enhances its affinity to oxygen. By employing γ-Fe 2 O 3 @Ir nanozyme as the catalyst and atmospheric oxygen as a green oxidant, a near-quantitative conversion (98.5%) of molar level HMF to FDCA was achieved.
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CATALYSIS TODAY
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Wenjing Bao,Yulian He,Xiaonan Guo,Chao Feng,Shanshan Liu,Xing Fan,Peng Liang,Runduo Zhang
The directional design of efficient catalysts for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) abatement remains effective yet challenging. Here, 3 wt% Co 3 O 4 catalysts supported on ZSM-5, Beta, MCM-41, and HY supports were constructed to elucidate the pronounced influence of pore confinement on catalyst redox behavior and catalytic activity. The micropore channels of ZSM-5 stabilizes appropriately sized CoO x clusters and enriches surface Co 3+ , thereby promoting low-temperature Co 3+ /Co 2+ cycling and lattice-oxygen migration, which endows Co 3 O 4 /ZSM-5 with superior performance in propane total oxidation. The T 50 of Co 3 O 4 /ZSM-5 catalyst is 260 ℃, which is 20 ℃ and 100 ℃ lower than those of Co 3 O 4 /Beta and Co 3 O 4 /MCM-41, respectively; it also exhibits E a of 37.6 kJ·mol -1 , specific surface activity at 260 ℃ of 21×10 -8 mol·m -2 ·s -1 , and TOF of 1.2×10 -2 s -1 , together with excellent water resistance and stability. By contrast, the wide mesopores of MCM-41 induce Co 3 O 4 agglomeration, while the overly strong confinement exerted by HY and Beta supports over-stabilizes Co 2+ and tightly bound lattice oxygen, both unfavorable for oxidation. DFT calculations further confirm that Co 3 O 4 confined in ZSM-5 exhibits the strongest O 2 activation and the lowest barriers for O 2 dissociation, CO oxidation, and the initial O-insertion/H-abstraction/C-C bond cleavage steps in propane. Overall, this work offers a new avenue for designing efficient, water-tolerant catalysts for propane oxidation.
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BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
·
2025
·Vol. 114
·期 3
·871-882
·
IF 3
Yang Jinjin,Ren Li,Gu Xiaoli,Wang Lu,Cui Jinquan
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is an adhesion of the uterine cavity or cervical canal resulting from damage to the basal layer of the endometrium， usually accompanied by fibrosis of the endometrium. This study analyzed endometrial samples from three IUA patients and three healthy control participants and screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using RNA-seq and bioinformatics techniques. A total of 2402 DEGs were identified in endometrial tissues compared to normal endometrial tissues, among which microfibrillar-associated protein 5 (MFAP5) was upregulated in IUA tissues (log2FoldChange = 3.81, P = 1.98E-08). Meanwhile, clinical tissue specimens revealed remarkably up-regulated MFAP5 expression in endometrial tissues of IUA patients, accompanied by increases in the fibrosis markers collagen type I A 1 and α-smooth muscle actin. A mouse model of IUA was constructed by mechanical curettage. Histopathology revealed that MFAP5 downregulation attenuated IUA model-induced reduction in endometrial gland number and collagen deposition. Furthermore, MFAP5 knockdown alleviated the increase in embryo uptake ratio and the decrease in embryo and placental weight in IUA model. In vitro, the expression of fibrosis indicators was upregulated in Ishikawa cells treated with 5 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), while MFAP5 siRNA reduced levels of the endometrial fibrosis markers. RNA-seq analysis was performed on normal-treated and MFAP5 knockdown-treated TGF-β1-induced cell lines. Enrichment analysis revealed that the MFAP5 siRNA may be involved in microfibril formation, collagen deposition, and the TGF-β pathway. These results further confirm the potential role of MFAP5 in promoting endometrial fibrosis, which provides new insight for the clinical treatment of IUA.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2026
·
IF 19.7
Yu Zhao,Siqi Zhang,Mengxiao Zhong,Mingbin Gao,Xiaofeng Lu
A ternary RuNiMo nanofibers catalyst is successfully prepared. • The catalyst achieves precise modulation of the adsorption and desorption kinetics of key reaction intermediates. • The catalyst presents an exceptional HMFOR and HER performance in an alkaline electrolyte. • The overall HMF electrolysis exhibits an enhanced H 2 production with high FDCA yield and cycling stability. The electrocatalytic upgrading of biomass derived feedstocks such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to high-value products, coupled with hydrogen (H 2 ) evolution, represents a promising research direction for addressing current energy and environmental challenges. Herein, we develop RuNiMo alloy nanofibers (NFs) as a high-performance bifunctional electrocatalyst for both HMF oxidation reaction (HMFOR) and H 2 evolution reaction (HER). The synergistic interactions among the three metal components significantly reduce the activation energy barrier of the rate-determining step (RDS) during HMFOR, thereby promoting the selective generation of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Consequently, the catalyst achieves 99.3% HMF conversion, 98.9% FDCA yield, and 99.7% Faradaic efficiency (FE) at 1.45 V vs. RHE. Meanwhile, the catalyst also exhibits favorable water dissociation energy, leading to exceptional HER performance with overpotentials of merely 23 mV and 213 mV to reach current densities of 10 mA cm −2 and 1 A cm −2 , respectively. Moreover, the catalyst demonstrates remarkable stability, maintaining consistent performance for over 100 h at a high current density of 1 A cm −2 . Notably, both the activity and stability of this catalyst greatly outperform those of commercial Pt/C benchmark. When integrated into an HMFOR-assisted water splitting electrolyzer, the system enables a 6.6-fold enhancement in H 2 production rate while maintaining a high FDCA yield of 98.4% with excellent cycling stability. Collectively, this work establishes an effective approach to sustainable biorefining that integrates advanced catalyst design and electrochemical system engineering. Download: Download high-res image (243KB) Download: Download full-size image
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MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Senyu Yang,Wenjuan Jin,Jialan Han,Xinyan Wang,Zhichao Pei,Yuxin Pei
The photosensitizer hypericin (Hyp) and the newly synthesized superhydrophobic nitrate-ester-group-capped Pillar[5]arenes (PNO) were employed to fabricate a sunlight-activated photodynamic antimicrobial mask by π-π and π-alkyl interaction via a simple co-spraying strategy. The superhydrophobic PNO layer effectively repels bacterial adhesion, while hypericin generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under sunlight irradiation. This endows the as-prepared mask with excellent physical anti-adhesion barrier and efficient photodynamic inactivation against bacteria.
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Pathogens
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 6
·567
·
IF 3.8
Zixiang Wang,Qianwen Deng,Ziyu Huang,Zixing Lin,Haohui Zhu,Janak L. Pathak,Ying Wang,Min Nie
Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) is a primary pathogen in periodontitis, yet its elimination is limited by complex anatomical structures. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising adjunct, but its antimicrobial efficacy is compromised in the acidic microenvironment induced byP. gingivalis. Given that 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodofluorescein (TIF) exhibits robust and stable photodynamic activity under acidic conditions, this study investigated the antibacterial effect of TIF-mediated PDT (TIF-PDT) againstP. gingivalis.P. gingivalisATCC 33277 was treated with TIF (5, 10, 20, and 40 μM), light (525 nm), or both. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was assessed at pH 4.5 or 7.4. Bacterial viability and membrane integrity were evaluated by colony-forming unit (CFU) assay and LIVE/DEAD staining. CFU assays demonstrated that TIF-PDT groups achieved an approximately 4-log reduction in bacterial viability compared to the DEMI, Light, and TIF groups, with no dark cytotoxicity and light-alone effects. LIVE/DEAD staining revealed bright yellow fluorescence in the TIF-PDT (40 μM), indicating membrane damage and significantly lower survival rates than controls. TIF-PDT at 10, 20, and 40 μM produced ROS under both neutral and acidic conditions, exhibited low dark cytotoxicity, and demonstrated potent antibacterial activity againstP. gingivalisin vitro, suggesting its potential as an acid-tolerant photosensitizer for periodontitis adjunctive therapy.
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Inorganics
·
2025
·Vol. 13
·期 7
·211
·
IF 3
Wen Li,Di Yin,Wanxin Liu,Yi Li,Yijin Wu
The electrochemical oxidation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) coupled with water electrolysis for green hydrogen production is a promising strategy to address energy crises and environmental pollution. Despite the suitable adsorption energy for HMF due to their partially filled d-band electronic structures, Ni- or Co-based oxides/hydroxides still face challenges in insufficient activity and stability. In this study, a porous heterogeneous nickel cobalt oxide/hydroxide growth on nickel foam (NF), which is defined as NF@NiCo-H/O, was developed via immersion in concentrated alkali solution. Compared with the single-component NiCo oxides, the NF@NiCo-H/O catalyst exhibits a lower application potential of only 1.317 V, 1.395 V, and 1.443 V to achieve current densities of 20, 50, and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, in an alkaline solution containing HMF. Additionally, it demonstrates rapid reaction kinetics with a Tafel slope of 27.6 mV dec−1and excellent cycling stability. Importantly, the presence of more high-valent Ni3+-O species on the catalyst surface contributes to its exceptional selectivity for 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (86.7%), Faradaic efficiency (93.1%), and conversion rate (94.4%). This catalyst provides some theoretical guidance for the development of biomass electrooxidation catalysts for sustainable energy and chemical production.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Chun Zhang,Kunhong Zhao,Zilin Wu,Na Tao,Weijia Yang,Zhaojia Li,Moxian Chen,Xiangyang Li
Bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) severely impacts global kiwifruit production. This study shows that 5-fluoroindole exerts significant bactericidal activity against Psa, with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 15.34 μg/mL, demonstrating a higher efficacy than the positive control copper hydroxide (EC50 = 58.65 μg/mL). 5-Fluoroindole disrupts membrane integrity, induces oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and triggers apoptosis in Psa. Transcriptome analysis reveals that 5-fluoroindole treatment increased the expression of the methionine synthase II (MetE) gene by 6.28 fold compared with the expression of this gene in the control (CK) group. Microscale thermophoresis and isothermal titration calorimetry show that the dissociation constants of the binding of 5-fluoroindole to MetE protein are 0.33 and 8.55 μM, respectively. Molecular docking experiments indicate that Asp693 is a key binding site and that there is no specific binding between 5-fluoroindole and the Psa MetED693A mutant. This study provides valuable insights for developing effective agents to control kiwifruit bacterial canker.
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