Nature Communications
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2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-14
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IF 15.7
Fan Rong,Guan Zeyuan,Zhou Guanghong,Yang Xi,Zhang Fei,Wu Menglong,Wang Xuecui,Liu Jian,Chen Pei,Liu Yanjun,Zhang Delin,Yin Ping,Yan Junjie
Amylopectin, the primary form of starch in plant leaves, seeds and tubers, features a tree-like architecture with branched glucose chains. Excess branches result in the formation of soluble phytoglycogen instead of starch granules. In higher plants and green algae, the debranching enzyme isoamylase ISA1 forms either homomultimer or hetero-multimer with ISA2 to facilitate branch trimming and starch granule formation, but the molecular basis remains largely unknown. In this study, we reconstitute the rice OsISA1-ISA2 complex in vitro and determine the cryo-EM structures of the OsISA1 homodimer, as well as the malto-oligosaccharide (MOS)-free and MOS-bound OsISA1-ISA2 heterocomplex. The OsISA1 dimer shows a tail-to-tail rod-like architecture, whereas the OsISA1-ISA2 complex mainly exhibits as a trimer, with OsISA2 flanking on the N-terminal segments of the dimeric OsISA1. Combined with comprehensive biochemical analyses, these structural data elucidate the organization of the ISA1-ISA2 heterocomplex in higher plants and demonstrate how ISA1 and ISA2 cooperate during amylopectin biosynthesis.
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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 9
Tianqiang Yin,Guoqing Wang,Jingfu Song,Fan Xue,Shuntao Fang,Yiling Pan,Zhiyuan Guo,Qingjun Ding,Gai Zhao
Carbon nanotube (CNT) based membranes are emerging as next-generation materials due to their exceptional transport properties and high selectivity, particularly in applications such as desalination and drug delivery. However, these membranes typically rely on a complex system of physical gradients to achieve transport, which poses significant challenges for their practical implementation. This paper introduces a potential alternative method that bypasses the need for physical gradients by simply leveraging the frictional motion of the wetted interface to drive liquid transport through CNT/polymer membranes. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and comparative experiments demonstrate that the driving force of this method arises from friction-induced normal vibrations and shear-induced horizontal traction, with Coulomb interactions ensuring continuous liquid flow. This research provides more options for the driving methods of CNT/polymer membrane systems and establishes a theoretical foundation for their practical application in advanced membrane technologies.
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MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN
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2025
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IF 5.7
Panting Zheng,Pengfei Zhao,Jijun Ding,Haixia Chen,Yongfeng Qu
Flexible pressure sensors have wide range of applications in fields such as electronic skin, medical detection and wearable devices. In this paper, a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor based on Cu mesh/ZnO nanorod/graphene pressure-active layer is designed. Cu mesh is used as the conductive substrate, which not only enhances sensor performance but also expands the detection range of the sensor with its interlaced grid structure. To enhance the stability of the sensor, the graphene-functionalized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film is inserted between this active layer and the bottom electrodes, which prevents the direct contact between the Cu mesh and the electrodes, increases the electron transport channel and enhances the responsiveness of the sensor. The sensor shows sensitivity of 0.4 kPa -1 over pressure range of 0-0.5 kPa, as well as response time of 413 ms. Based on the excellent characteristics, a 4×4 pressure sensor array is constructed for the application of pressure sensors in daily life and human activity detection, which enables high-resolution detection and provides a reliable idea for the design of flexible sensors in the future.
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Thermal Science and Engineering Progress
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2025
·
IF 5.4
HaoMing Huang,Shan Qing,XiaoHui Zhang,ChengHang Li,Jing Zhang,Ying Zhang,Xi Wang
Nanofluids (NFs) are considered advanced heat transfer fluids due to their enhanced thermal conductivity, improved heat transfer efficiency, energy-saving potential, and prospects for system miniaturization. However, the development of NFs faces challenges, as traditional single-component NFs often suffer from poor stability, limited thermal conductivity improvement, and high viscosity, which hinder their practical application. Herein, we prepared multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-TiO 2 /H 2 O NFs via a two-step method and investigated the regulatory effects of temperature (20 °C-80 °C) and mass ratio (10:1-1:10) on their dispersion stability, thermal conductivity, and viscosity characteristics. It turned out that MWCNTs and TiO 2 nanoparticles formed an interfacial coupling structure through physical adsorption. This structure was mediated by the preferential anchoring of TiO 2 nanoparticles onto the surface-active sites of MWCNTs, which effectively suppressed particle agglomeration and ensured dispersion stability of the MWCNTs-TiO 2 /H 2 O NFs. The MWCNTs-TiO 2 /H 2 O NFs with a mass ratio of 1:2 demonstrated optimal performance enhancement ratios (PER) by reducing viscosity loss and significantly improving thermal conductivity within the temperature range. Comparative studies with single-component NFs revealed that this hybrid NFs exhibited significant advantages in both thermal conductivity and viscosity performance, further confirming the synergistic optimization effect between the MWCNTs and TiO 2 nanoparticles. Our work reveals the core role of the interface coupling mechanism between MWCNTs and TiO 2 nanoparticles in optimizing the thermal transport performance of NFs, providing a theoretical basis for the development of efficient heat transfer systems based on synergistic effects.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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2025
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IF 7.2
Yalin Zhang,Meng Lyu,Yanhui Dou,Xinlong Liu,Zongzeng Yang,Xiaoyuan Liao
The development of degradable plastic has emerged as a critical strategy to address plastic pollution. This study focuses on polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) as the subject of investigation, systematically exploring its degradation behavior and microbial mechanisms in soil environments. Microorganisms such as Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), and Bacillus flexus ( B. flexus ) were introduced, and the degradation efficiency and mechanisms of PBAT were analyzed under varying conditions of temperature (45, 55, and 65 ℃), ventilation (100 and 200 mL/min), and burial depth. The experimental results revealed that E. coli , under 100 mL/min ventilation at 55 ℃, exhibited the highest degradation efficiency, with a weight loss rate of 16.45% in 30 days, significantly outperforming the other strains ( S. aureus : 12.49%; B. flexus : 3.54%). It was found that the presence of surface cracks and ester bond (C=O, 1710 cm⁻¹) rupture by SEM and FTIR analysis, and degradation occurs preferentially in the amorphous zone and that crystallinity increases throughout the degradation process by XRD and DSC results. This study elucidates PBAT degradation was catalyzed by microorganisms through the secretion of key enzymes providing a novel foundation for optimizing the environmental application of degradable plastic and advancing green technology development.
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Materials Today Chemistry
·
2025
·
IF 6.7
Potao Sun,Wenxu Tang,Wenxia Sima,Chaolu Niu,Tao Yuan,Ming Yang,Qichang Liu,Zheng Fang,Ninglong Fu,Ze Yin
Microcapsule-based self-healing is an effective strategy for addressing multiscale damage in polymeric materials. However, conventional methods exhibit limited repair capabilities for large-scale damage (at the submillimeter level) under low microcapsule doping concentrations (<5 wt%). This study proposed a dual self-healing mechanism through the development of a double-shell microcapsule/modified epoxy resin composite (DMMEC). The topological reconstruction of the epoxy matrix was achieved by incorporating a 5-wt% terephthalaldehyde crosslinker, endowing the system with dynamic covalent adaptive network characteristics. Polyurethane/polyaniline (PU/PANI) double-shell microcapsules with photothermal conversion enabled infrared-triggered localized viscoelastic matrix flow, synergistically inducing damage propagation through minimal repair agent release. Notably, permittivity disparities at the microcapsule-matrix interface were found to guide the targeted development of micrometer-scale electrical tree damage, achieving efficient microscale electrical tree repair at a low doping concentration (2 wt%). Moreover, when subjected to large-scale mechanical scratch damage (2-mm length × 100-μm width), recovery rates of 91.3 % in mechanical strength and 90.4 % in electrical strength were attained. The proposed method overcomes the inherent trade-off between healing efficiency and matrix performance degradation in low-load microcapsule systems, thereby providing a novel paradigm for efficient multiscale damage restoration in polymeric materials.
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ChemistrySelect
·
2025
·Vol. 10
·期 25
·e02093
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IF 2
Xin Huang,Penghui Ma,Guiyi Huang,Yuxiu Guo,Yumin Song,Liuchuang Wei,Hongyu Chen,Suihai Chen
Graphical Al, Ga, and In are doped into SnO2 through the hydrothermal method, leading to changes in its bandgap and consequently improving the photocatalytic capability of SnO2. Tin oxide, particularly tin dioxide (SnO₂), exhibits excellent potential as a photocatalyst in wastewater treatment. Tin oxide nanocomposites were synthesized via a liquid-phase method using tin tetrachloride pentahydrate as the precursor and Al 3 ⁺, Ga 3 ⁺, and In 3 ⁺ ions as dopants. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, UV–vis spectroscopy, and so on. SEM images revealed that the doped nanoparticles formed denser aggregates with irregular coarse-cubic morphologies. XRD patterns of Al-, Ga-, and In-doped SnO₂ showed no impurity peaks, confirming their high crystallinity and phase purity. Doping modifies the energy band structure and introduces impurity levels, thereby enhancing visible-light absorption and inducing a redshift. These observations were supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Compared to pure SnO₂, the doped SnO₂ demonstrated significantly higher photocatalytic activity, achieving an 88% degradation rate of rhodamine B after 150 min of irradiation—a 70% improvement over undoped SnO₂ (26%). This study highlights the potential of doped SnO₂ nanomaterials as efficient organic pollutant degraders in wastewater treatment.
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Nature Catalysis
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2025
·
IF 44.6
Liu Qiliang,Yang Wenxing
Non-covalent interactions between the electrocatalyst surface and its electrolyte play a vital role in shaping the microenvironments of electrochemical interfaces. Yet, direct spectroscopic investigation of these interactions and their catalytic effects has remained elusive in electrocatalysis research. Here, using in situ Raman spectroscopy, we resolve a universal change of interfacial water structure at electrified Cu surfaces during alkaline CO reduction reaction. An intricate non-covalent interaction between interfacial water and surface hydroxyl (OH ad ) was recognized through a proposed OH ad ···M + (H 2 O) n complex, with M + representing electrolyte cations. On exposure to catalytic potentials, these non-covalent complexes evolve into local OH − ···M + (H 2 O) n species residing within the electrical double layer and favour CO reduction reaction into acetate over other C 2 products. These results demonstrate the crucial roles of non-covalent interactions in determining the activity of surface reactions, whose existence and rational design may offer opportunities for future fine control of electrocatalysis processes.
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EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Lv Shen,Junwei Chi,Min Hao,Ziheng Zhao,Xian Zhang,Dianfei Chen,Ru Zhou,Haitao Bian,Juncheng Jiang
Polylactic acid (PLA) is an emerging environmentally friendly material, but its flammability limits its application in various fields. This study employed ant colony optimization and random forest algorithms to optimize the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of PLA/nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardant systems and identify key influencing factors. The results demonstrate that the C–P(N) 2 =O bond serves as the critical structural feature for achieving high flame retardancy in PLA at low additive loadings. Based on this finding, the research team synthesized a novel nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardant. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the synthesized PDAZ flame retardant promoted char formation, increasing the residual carbon content at 800 °C from 0 % to 4.95 %. Cone calorimetry tests (CCT) showed an 11.1 % reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRR) and a 48 % improvement in fire performance index (FPI). Remarkably, the addition of only 3 wt% of this flame retardant increased the LOI of PLA to 30.5 %. This study provides an innovative strategy for accelerating the development of flame-retardant PLA materials.
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HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2025
·
IF 5.3
Qiong Ye,Fengshan Yu,Xunwei Ma,Jiashuang Wang,Kaihan Cai,Lincai Wang,Jian-Ping Zou
In response to the escalating scarcity of resources, the practice of recycling waste has emerged as a pivotal strategy for sustainable development. In the present study, an innovative method is introduced to enhance the recovery of platinum group metals (PGMs) from spent automotive catalysts (SACs), involving an integrated electrochemical metallurgy process integrating mechanochemical reduction pretreatment and electrochemical leaching. An in-depth exploration on the influences of mechanochemical ball-milling parameters and electrochemical leaching conditions on PGM recovery yielded insightful results. Notably, Zn emerges as a key catalyst to promote the generation of highly reactive PGM particles, facilitate grinding, reduce platinum group metal oxides, and alloy with PGMs. The mechanochemical reduction pretreatment significantly reduces the apparent dissolution activation energies of Pd, Pt, and Rh from 40.1 kJ/mol, 43.7 kJ/mol, and 62.5 kJ/mol to 13.2 kJ/mol, 17.5 kJ/mol, and 22.1 kJ/mol, respectively. Following optimization through orthogonal experiments, the leaching efficiencies of Pd, Pt, and Rh reached exceptional levels: 98.5 %, 98.1 %, and 93.3 %, respectively. This study unveils a highly efficient and practical approach for leaching PGMs from SACs, which is conducive to sustainable resource management.
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iEnergy
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Chaolu Niu,Wenxia Sima,Potao Sun,Qichang Liu,Tao Yuan,Ming Yang,Zheng Fang,Hefei Wang,Wenxu Tang,Jiameng Xu,Yuhang Yang,Yuxiang Mai,Binghao Chen
To address the inherent trade-off between mechanical strength and repair efficiency in conventional microcapsule-based self-healing technologies, this study presents an eggshell-inspired approach for fabricating high-load rigid porous microcapsules (HLRPMs) through subcritical water etching. By optimizing the subcritical water treatment parameters (OH− concentration: 0.031 mol/L, temperature: 240 °C, duration: 1.5 h), nanoscale through-holes were generated on hollow glass microspheres (shell thickness ∼ 700 nm). The subsequent gradient pressure infiltration of flaxseed oil enabled a record-high core content of 88.2%. Systematic investigations demonstrated that incorporating 3 wt% HLRPMs into epoxy resin composites preserved excellent dielectric properties (breakdown strength ≥ 30 kV/mm) and enhanced tensile strength by 7.52%. In addressing multimodal damage, the system achieved a 95.5% filling efficiency for mechanical scratches, a 97.0% reduction in frictional damage depth, and a 96.2% recovery of insulation following electrical treeing. This biomimetic microcapsule system concurrently improved self-healing capability and matrix performance, offering a promising strategy for the development of next-generation smart insulating materials.
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ACS Omega
·
2025
·
IF 4.3
Peiying Han,Li jun Yang,Zhaofei Zhu,Xuyuan Liang,Wanxin Wu
The coffee-ring effect commonly occurs during the evaporation and deposition of particle-laden droplets on the substrates. The resulting deposition pattern is influenced by internal flows, which depend on substrate properties, droplet chemistry, and external conditions. However, in applications such as inkjet printing, drug formulation, and self-assembly, avoiding coffee ring formation is crucial. This study presents a method to suppress the coffee-ring effect using focused laser irradiation on droplet surfaces. By irradiating droplets containing silica microparticles with a green laser and adjusting the particle concentration, we controlled the deposition patterns. Uniform patterns formed at particle concentrations below 0.02%, while gradient patterns appeared above 0.08%. A dimensionless parameter, G, was introduced to quantify particle deposition patterns. Uniform deposition structures are established when Gmax > 10, whereas gradient structures are formed when Gmax < 2. This approach offers new insights into the laser-induced control of microparticle deposition patterns.
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