GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·Vol. 24
·期 23
·9269-9281
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IF 11.034
Xin Wang,Jiali Huang,Lei Song,Yuan Hu
Cardanol-derived phenalkamines with different phosphorus oxidation states (Car-DCP-DETA and Car-DPC-DETA) were synthesized by the Mannich reaction and used as curing agents for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)-type epoxy prepolymers. 1H-NMR, 31P-NMR and FTIR spectra confirmed that Car-DCP-DETA and Car-DPC-DETA were successfully synthesized. DGEBA/Car-DCP-DETA and DGEBA/Car-DPC-DETA thermosets were fabricated by thermally induced polymerization, while DGEBA/DDM was prepared as a control sample. The curing kinetics investigation indicated that the curing activation energy of the DGEBA/Car-DCP-DETA and DGEBA/Car-DPC-DETA systems was higher than that of DGEBA/DDM because of the larger steric hindrance of Car-DCP-DETA and Car-DPC-DETA. The cone calorimetry results showed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) values of DGEBA/Car-DCP-DETA and DGEBA/Car-DPC-DETA were 76.8% and 44.8% lower than that of DGEBA/4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), respectively, and the total heat release (THR) value was reduced to 125.8 and 105.8 MJ m−2, respectively, from 159.9 MJ m−2 (DGEBA/DDM). These results suggested a superior flame-retardant efficiency for Car-DCP-DETA over Car-DPC-DETA. The flame-retardant mechanisms of DGEBA/Car-DCP-DETA and DGEBA/Car-DPC-DETA were studied by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It can be inferred that the outstanding flame retardancy of DGEBA/Car-DCP-DETA is mainly ascribed to the formation of thermally stable phosphorus–oxygen structures in the combustion process, which is helpful in improving the thermal oxidation resistance of char residues and thus improving the flame retardancy of epoxy resins. Tensile and flexural test results showed that Car-DCP-DETA also had good strengthening and toughening effects on DGEBA. This phosphorus-containing cardanol-derived phenalkamine (Car-DCP-DETA) imparted simultaneously improved flame retardancy, and mechanical strength and toughness to epoxy thermosets, which could be a renewable replacement for petroleum-based curing agents in fire-resistant or corrosion-resistant coating applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
·
2024
·
IF 3.4
Jie Yuan,Kun Xue,Xiulu Gao,Yichong Chen,Ling Zhao,Dongdong Hu
Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) foam is a potential alternative to conventional packaging materials. However, its wide adoption is hindered by issues such as low foaming–expansion ratios and shrinkage. A series of biodegradable epoxidized cardanol (EC)-modified PBAT foams were prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) foaming. The addition of EC enhanced the crystallisation temperature and stiffness, and improved the rheological properties, thereby promoting polymer foamability. When the EC content reached 0.6 wt%, lightweight foams with the highest initial expansion ratio ( R v ) of 48.4 were produced before shrinkage. N 2 was introduced as a co-blowing agent to reduce shrinkage of the PBAT foams, resulting in the production of a microcellular foam with a stable R v of 12.9. EC improved the foamability of PBAT while also introducing the co-blowing agent N 2 to resist shrinkage. These findings can serve as valuable insights for the large-scale production of lightweight biodegradable foams.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2023
·
IF 4.2
Jie Ding,Zisu Xu,Hongjun Fang,Xinzhen Feng,Weijie Ji
The aim of this study is to achieve a high fraction of monoene in biomass-derived cardanol to manipulate a well-balanced potential of cross-linking and coupling between resin and curing agent for heavy-duty coating. We reported a heterogeneous nonprecious trimetallic catalyst for selective hydrogenation of polyenes in cardanol for the first time. By cointroducing the second and third metal constituents (Cu and Co), and particularly facet controlling as well as Zn doping of Al2O3 substrate, we can accomplish the highly selective hydrogenation of triene/diene into monoene with variable ratio. The larger sized Ni entities with higher electron density on the Al2O3 hexagonal plates are more favorable for activating triene/diene responsible for a high potential of selective hydrogenation. On the other hand, the Ni0 fraction is comparatively lower, while the mean particle size of Ni0 is the smallest with lower electron density on the commercially obtained γ-Al2O3 spherules. The latter kind of Ni entities is more favorable for activating hydrogen to generate highly reactive H species accounting for a strong potential of full hydrogenation. Over a fine-tuned 10% Ni-5% Co-3% Cu/3% Zn-Al2O3-hexagonal plate under the optimized conditions (7.5% cardanol in n-butanol, 2.5 MPa H2, 80 °C, and 3.5 h), as high as 76% monoene can be obtainable. It is worth noting that not only the current catalyst system is more economic but also the reaction becomes kinetically much faster (within 3.5 h). This catalyst system is operational to a large-scale application in the modification of cardanol via selective hydrogenation. Ni–Co–Cu synergism and low-content Zn modification of the Al2O3 (110) facet are essential to achieve the aim of this study.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2021
·Vol. 33
·期 2
·492-504
·
IF 3.665
Zhongyang Yao,Qiming Cao,Chenyang Li,Weiguang Gong,Xin Meng
In this article, a β-cyclodextrin(CD)/cardanol (CA) inclusion complex (IC) was fabricated by co-precipitation method, which was used to guarantee excellent thermal oxidative stability and environmental-response antioxidation releasing property of PLA. The results showed that CA was successfully immobilized into β-CD with a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1, and the immobilization inhibited the migrant of CA from PLA during storage, resulting in the enhancement of antioxidant life of CA in PLA. Thus, PLA stabilized by IC (PLA/IC) maintained higher oxidation onset temperature (OOT) and molecular weight after long-term thermal oxidative aging. Moreover, CA releasing comparison from PLA/IC and PLA stabilized by CA (PLA/CA) in food stimulant suggested that PLA/IC released CA faster than PLA/CA when PLA contacted with food stimulants due to the solubilization of β-CD for CA, which would induce the quicker antioxidation of CA in food. In a word, IC can make PLA with longer anti-oxidative stability during storage and quicker environmental-response antioxidation releasing property during usage, showing strong potential as an active food-packaging materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
食品包装工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SURFACTANTS AND DETERGENTS
·
2020
·Vol. 24
·期 1
·15-33
·
IF 1.654
Xuehua Zhao,Jinge Lv,Limin Wang,Jianwei Han
A series of novel hydroxylated cardanol quaternary ammonium salts (HCQAS 3a–3g) with one or two hydroxyl groups, derived from renewable cardanol, a plant-based and low-cost material natural cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), have been rationally designed and investigated as additive in detergent. CMC, γ CMC , C 20 , pC 20 , and CMC/C 20 were employed to exhibit the surface properties of HCQAS, reflecting that the surfactivity were superior to general cationic surfactants. In addition, HCQAS revealed excellent water solubility and wettability by krafft point and contact angle tests. Moreover, emulsifiability and foamability conversions were monitored versus time and volume of foam, respectively. Also, TEM micrographs were taken to provide the aggregation morphologies of HCQAS 3a aqueous solution at different concentration. Furthermore, HCQAS 3a and BGF-10 binary composite system as well as HCQAS 3a, BGF-10, and SDBS ternary composite system were investigated by CMC, γ CMC , emulsifiability, and foamability to determine the optimum molar ratio (HCQAS 3a: BGF-10: SDBS = 0.24:0.36:0.4), and then, analysis of morphology by TEM showed that the incorporation of HCQAS 3a, BGF-10, and SDBS in aqueous solution accelerated the formation of abundant vesicles with large volume and surface area. Finally, a green concentrated detergent was designed and prepared with the filtered ratio, where the presence of vesicles greatly enhanced detergency to promisingly replace the familiar use of petroleum-based TX-10 in detergent. This study on the structure and performance of HCQAS may shed some light on the development of novel environmentally friendly surfactant.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 33
·50809
·
IF 3.125
Fei Song,Caoxing Huang,Xinbao Zhu,Chengguo Liu,Yonghong Zhou,Puyou Jia
An epoxidized cardanol tungoleate (ECT) based on tung oil and cardanol was synthesized through esterification and epoxidation. The chemical structure of the compound was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR). The plasticizing effects of ECT as the main plasticizer in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was studied and compared with the commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The thermal migration stabilities, the thermal degradation process and the mechanical properties of PVC samples and the plasticization mechanism of ECT for PVC were investigated through the use of volatility, extraction, discoloration, and tensile tests as well as thermal gravity analysis (TGA), TGA–FTIR analysis, electronic universal testing machine and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Compared with DOP, the ECT plasticized PVC can exhibits better thermal stability, more excellent tensile strength (17.28 MPa) and higher stretchability (629.41%), which is 1161% higher than DOP (1.37 MPa) plasticized PVC film. In addition, the migration resistance and volatility stability of ECT are much better than DOP. Therefore, this fully bio-based plasticizer based on tung oil and cardanol is a promising alternative plasticizer for PVC and may be an excellent phthalate substitute from the perspective of human health and sustainable development.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2026
·
IF 7.8
Jun Zhu,Jian Wang,Yumeng Gao,Jian Chen,Guomin Wu,Guifeng Liu,Can Jin,Ning Yan
Developing sustainable high-performance composites is crucial for achieving circularity in advanced structural materials. Herein, we report a fully bio-based strategy for constructing recyclable carbon fiber-reinforced composites (CFRCs) based on dynamic non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) matrices. Three cardanol-derived amine curing agents with tunable functionalities were rationally designed and synthesized from renewable cardanol, and subsequently reacted with lignin-derived cyclic carbonates (LCCs) to form a robust yet reprocessable NIPU network. Structure–property analyses reveal that the molecular architecture of the cardanol-derived curing agents governs the balance between network rigidity and flexibility, thereby tailoring the thermomechanical performance of the NIPUs. Optimizing carbonate structures and amine functionality yields polymers that combine high mechanical strength (tensile strength: 44.5 MPa) with excellent thermal and solvent resistance. The presence of hydroxyurethane linkages confers dynamic covalent character via reversible transcarbamoylation, imparting efficient reprocessability and pronounced multiple–shape-memory effects. Notably, the reprocessed NIPU retains >75% of its initial tensile strength after three hot-pressing cycles. As CFRC matrices, the optimized NIPU ensures outstanding interfacial adhesion and closed-loop recyclability, allowing solvent-assisted deconstruction to recover carbon fibers with nearly preserved mechanical integrity. This research establishes an eco-friendly and scalable approach to producing entirely renewable, recyclable and superior-performance composite materials for sustainable engineering applications.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 3.1
Yibo Zhang,Zhao Zhang,Yixiu Chen,Qing Zhong,Jiaxing Zhang,Hui Chang
Petroleum-based resins face limitations in superhydrophobic and flame-retardant applications, including high surface energy, poor durability under harsh conditions, low oxygen index, and high heat release. This study employs cardanol, which features a C 15 alkyl chain that confers low surface energy and char formation, along with a phenolic hydroxyl group suitable for graft copolymerization. Two rapidly UV-curable cardanol-based coatings were developed. M-PUA incorporates mesoporous SiO 2 and polydimethylsiloxane into cardanol-based polyurethane acrylate. At 3 wt% loading of mSiO 2 , it achieves water contact angle (WCA) > 151°, maintains WCA above 144° after 100 abrasion cycles, and exceeds 150° after 24 h immersion in pH = 1 or 13. The coating demonstrates efficient self-cleaning and oil/water separation, delivering over 98% separation efficiency across 20 cycles for six different oil/water mixtures, with a maximum flux of 2389.86 L m −2 h −1 . The B-PUA coating constructs a phosphorus-containing network by grafting di(2-(methacryloxy)ethyl) phosphate onto cardanol-Dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate. It achieves a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28 and reduces total heat release by 67.2% and total smoke production by 52.2%. Both coatings exhibit low volatile organic compound emissions and rapid curing, providing an integrated and practical strategy for functionalizing cotton fabrics. These materials show strong potential for self-cleaning, oil/water separation, and flame-retardant applications.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2022
·
IF 11.322
Xin Jiang,Fukai Chu,Xiaoyu Luo,Yuan Hu,Weizhao Hu
Aiming to address the problems of flammability and brittleness of BMI and reduce the use of petroleum-based materials, three kinds of cardanol-based co-curing agents (CDPO, CDPC, CDCP) were synthesized and applied to prepare advanced BMI . Compared to the neat BMI, the modified BMI exhibited better thermal stability with higher decomposition temperatures and char yields. The BMI/CDCP-10 containing 4.5 wt% CDCP possessed the best flame retardancy with 50.4% reduction in PHRR , 27.5% reduction in THR and 21.2% reduction in TSP compared to those of neat BMI. Moreover, with the 4.5 wt% incorporation of CDPO, CDPC and CDCP, the impact strength of BMI was enhanced by 95%, 133.8% and 127.5% respectively, due to the flexible fatty chains and the decreased crosslinking density . The reason for different modification effects among modified BMI systems is studied from the structure of modifiers, finding that the phosphorylated cardanol with higher content of O and higher valence of P can be utilized to improve the mechanical property and fire safety of BMI. This work provides a new way to reduce the dependence on the petroleum-based materials and expand the application areas of BMI.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）