Lewis acid imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with inorganic anions of [Al 2 Cl 7 ] - , [Al 2 Ti x Cl 7+4x ] - , [Al 2 Zr x Cl 7+4x ] - , and [Al 2 Ga x Cl 7+3x ] - have been synthesized in good yields and used as the catalysts for the polymerization of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) mixed α-olefins. The poly alpha-olefins (PAO) products have been tuned through various bimetallic Lewis-acid ionic liquids (ILs). A high PAO yield of 95 % and excellent selectivity to trimers & tetramers of 65 % were achieved at 100 °C for 120 min using 3 wt% [Bmim][Al 2 Ga 0.1 Cl 7.3 ] as the catalyst. The bimetallic Lewis acid ILs are easily separated from the reaction mixture and recycled with good stability. Molecular orbital studies show the LUMOs of IL anions have changed from Al to the other metal site (Ga/Ti/Zr), leading to a weakened Lewis acidity, finally making the PAO structure tunable. Notably, the synthesis of PAO products by bimetallic ILs from Fischer-Tropsch (FT) mixed α-olefins, instead of 1-decene from ethylene production, was demonstrated to be effective, ensuring a green, low-cost, and recyclable technology industrially. Furthermore, the IL catalysts demonstrated inherent safety and environmental compatibility, positioning them as promising alternatives to conventional BF 3 catalysts.
To address the ongoing issue of quinolones (QNs) residues in aquatic products, accurate and sensitive detection of trace QNs has always been necessary and urgent. In this work, a composite material of NH 2 −MIL-125(Ti)@TpBD(SO 3 H) 2 consisting of metal organic frameworks and based on bisulfonic acid-based covalent organic frameworks was synthesized and applied as a dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) adsorbent. Combining with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, a simple and effective method for simultaneous detection of 18 QNs in aquatic products was established. Meanwhile, the selective adsorption mechanism was thoroughly investigated through material characterization combined with density functional theory calculations. The results showed that the method had a good linear relationship ( r ≥ 0.9981), low limits of detection of 0.0019–0.0641 μg kg⁻¹, along with high recovery rates in the range of 80.6–113.2 %, and good precision with relative standard deviations less than 8.8 %. The selective adsorption mechanism revealed the synergistic adsorption mechanism of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions. The material had good reusability and excellent stability. In summary, the dSPE method based on NH 2 −MIL-125(Ti)@TpBD(SO 3 H) 2 composites provided a practical sample pretreatment solution for the determination of trace QNs in complex matrixes.
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