计算溶液所需的质量、体积或浓度。
天然 级 提供 ≥95%(SDS-PAGE) 纯度,适用于对基线干扰要求严格的色谱和分析工作流程。
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在色谱分析、有机合成和交叉偶联反应领域已被 0 篇同行评审文献引用。
免疫球蛋白 G(IgG)轻链:包含 κ 型或 λ 型两种亚型,该多肽对抗原识别与抗体多样性至关重要。正常情况下,循环系统中以 κ 亚型为主。
蛋白生物学作用
IgG 轻链为 25 kDa 多肽,分为 κ(κ)或 λ(λ)亚型,对抗原识别和抗体多样性起到关键作用。每条轻链通过二硫键与重链配对,形成可变区(VL)与恒定区(CL)结构域,赋予抗原结合特异性与结构稳定性。人体内完整 IgG 的 κ、λ 轻链血清比例约为 2:1;而游离轻链(FLC)比例约为 1:1.5。该比值发生偏离,尤其是游离轻链 κ/λ 比值<0.26 或>1.65 时,提示存在单克隆细胞增殖,可见于多发性骨髓瘤、意义未明的单克隆丙种球蛋白病(MGUS)。
常见研究用途
病理层面:错误折叠的 IgG 轻链会诱发 AL 型淀粉样变性,在心、肾等器官形成不可溶纤维;而轻链沉积病(LCDD)中的非纤维状沉积物会引发肾衰竭与肝功能损伤。本 - 周蛋白即尿液游离轻链,在 66% 骨髓瘤病例中可检出,反映克隆性浆细胞活性。升高的多克隆游离轻链还可激活肥大细胞、中性粒细胞,参与炎症疾病进程。 临床方面:血清游离轻链检测灵敏度优于尿液检测,用于寡分泌型骨髓瘤诊断与疗效监测。利用轻链限制性表达(κ 或 λ 单一优势)的免疫组化方法,可区分反应性淋巴增殖性病变与 B 细胞淋巴瘤。
常见应用:免疫系统研究、体外诊断(IVD)检测标准品、校准品与质控品。
Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Light Chain: Comprised of either kappa or lambda subtypes, this polypeptide is important for antigen recognition and antibody diversity. Normally, kappa is the predominant subtype in circulation.
Role of protein in biology
The IgG light chain, comprising either kappa (κ) or lambda (λ) subtypes, is a 25 kDa polypeptide critical for antigen recognition and antibody diversity. Each light chain pairs with a heavy chain via disulfide bonds, forming the variable (VL) and constant (CL) domains that confer antigen-binding specificity and structural stability. In humans, κ and λ light chains maintain a serum ratio of ~2:1 for intact IgG, while free light chains (FLCs) exhibit a 1:1.5 ratio. Deviations from these ratios, particularly κ/λ FLC ratios <0.26 or >1.65, signal monoclonal proliferation in conditions like multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).
Common research uses
Pathologically, misfolded IgG light chains drive AL amyloidosis, forming insoluble fibrils in organs such as the heart and kidneys, while non-fibrillar deposits in light chain deposition disease (LCDD) cause renal failure and hepatic dysfunction. Bence Jones proteins, urinary FLCs detected in 66% of myeloma cases, reflect clonal plasma cell activity. Elevated polyclonal FLCs also contribute to inflammatory diseases by activating mast cells and neutrophils. Clinically, serum FLC assays supersede urine tests for sensitivity in diagnosing oligosecretory myeloma and monitoring treatment response. Immunohistochemistry leveraging light chain restriction (κ or λ predominance) aids in differentiating reactive lymphoproliferations from B-cell lymphomas.
Common uses include immune system research, IVD assay standards, calibrators and controls.