过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,简称POX或MPO)是由微生物或植物所产生的能催化很多反应的一种氧化还原酶。过氧化物酶以过氧化氢为电子受体,催化底物氧化,主要存在于载体的过氧化物酶体中,以铁卟啉为辅基,可催化过氧化氢、氧化酚类和胺类化合物,具有消除过氧化氢和酚类、胺类、醛类、苯类毒性的双重作用。
过氧化物酶染色液(氧化WG-KI法)是经改良后的Pereira POX染色法,该染液可用于血液、骨髓或细胞涂片的过氧化物酶染色,POX活性部位呈棕红色至蓝黑色颗粒,定位于细胞质中。该试剂仅用于科研领域,不适用于临床诊断或其他用途。
自备材料:
载玻片、显微镜
操作步骤(仅供参考):
1、血液、骨髓涂片干燥后,滴加WG-KI固定液布满血膜,固定30~60s。
2、稍水洗,晾干或滤纸吸干。
3、滴加氧化WG-KI染色液,染色1~2min。
4、弃染色液,滤纸吸干,镜检。
染色结果:
阳性反应:胞质中有棕红色至蓝黑色颗粒
阴性反应:胞质呈蓝色
细胞核:淡蓝色或淡紫红色
粒细胞系除早期原粒细胞阴性外,分化好的原粒细胞以下阶段细胞随细胞成熟而阳性反应增强,衰老中性粒细胞反应程度减弱单核细胞系弱阳性,淋巴细胞系为阴性。浆细胞及巨核细胞均为阴性。嗜酸性粒细胞和Auer小体呈强阳性反应。
阳性反应强度的判断:
阴性:无颗粒
弱阳性:颗粒小,分布稀疏
阳性:颗粒略粗,分布密集
强阳性:颗粒粗大,呈蓝黑色,充满胞浆
临床意义:
1、急性粒细胞白血病晚期的原粒细胞呈阳性,颗粒较少且大。
2、急性单核白血病细胞呈阴性或弱阳性,颗粒小且稀疏。
3、急性早幼粒白血病呈强阳性,某些早幼粒细胞呈阳性,恶性组织细胞呈阴性。
4、急性淋巴细胞白血病呈阴性。
注意事项:
1、血液或骨髓涂片应新鲜,薄厚适宜,及时固定,否则会影响酶的活性。
2、细胞较多或阳性反应较弱时,可适当延长染色时间,但一般不宜超过3min。AML-M3细胞染色时,应适当缩短染色时间。
3、每次染色时,应采取健康人末梢血或骨髓涂片作为阴性对照。
4、为了您的安全和健康,请穿实验服并戴一次性手套操作。
Peroxidase (abbreviated as POX or MPO) is an oxidoreductase produced by microorganisms or plants that can catalyze a variety of reactions. Using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor, peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation of substrates. It is mainly located in peroxisomes, with iron protoporphyrin as the prosthetic group. It can catalyze hydrogen peroxide and oxidize phenolic and amine compounds, exerting a dual function of eliminating the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide, phenols, amines, aldehydes, and benzenes.
Peroxidase Staining Solution (Oxidized WG-KI Method) is an improved Pereira POX staining method. This staining solution can be used for peroxidase staining of blood, bone marrow, or cell smears. POX-active sites appear as reddish-brown to blue-black granules localized in the cytoplasm. This reagent is for research use only and not intended for clinical diagnosis or other purposes.
Materials Required (User-supplied):
Glass slides, Microscope
Protocol (For Reference Only):
1. After air-drying blood or bone marrow smears, cover the film with WG-KI Fixative Solution and fix for 30–60 seconds.
2. Rinse briefly with water, then air-dry or blot dry with filter paper.
3. Add oxidized WG-KI Staining Solution and stain for 1–2 minutes.
4. Discard the staining solution, blot dry with filter paper, and examine microscopically.
Staining Results:
Positive reaction: Reddish-brown to blue-black granules in the cytoplasm
Negative reaction: Cytoplasm stained blue
Cell nucleus: Pale blue or pale purplish-red
With the exception of early myeloblasts, which are negative, more differentiated myeloblasts and subsequent stages of the granulocytic series show an increasingly positive reaction with cell maturation, while senescent neutrophils exhibit a decreased reaction. The monocytic series is weakly positive, and the lymphocytic series is negative. Plasma cells and megakaryocytes are both negative. Eosinophils and Auer rods show a strongly positive reaction.
Evaluation of Positive Reaction Intensity:
Negative: No granules
Weakly positive: Small granules, sparsely distributed
Positive: Moderately coarse granules, densely distributed
Strongly positive: Coarse, large, blue-black granules filling the cytoplasm
Clinical Significance:
1. Myeloblasts in advanced acute myeloblastic leukemia are positive, with relatively few and large granules.
2. Cells in acute monocytic leukemia are negative or weakly positive, with small and sparse granules.
3. Acute promyelocytic leukemia shows a strongly positive reaction; some promyelocytes are positive, while malignant histiocytes are negative.
4. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is negative.
Precautions:
1. Blood or bone marrow smears should be fresh, appropriately thin, and fixed promptly; otherwise, enzyme activity may be affected.
2. Staining time may be appropriately prolonged when cell density is high or the positive reaction is weak, but generally should not exceed 3 minutes. Staining time should be appropriately shortened for AML-M3 cells.
3. A healthy donor’s peripheral blood or bone marrow smear should be used as a negative control in each staining run.
4. For your safety and health, please wear a lab coat and disposable gloves during operation.