Lymphotoxin alpha (LT-alpha ), and Lymphotoxin beta (LT-beta ) are pro-inflammatory TNF superfamily ligands that play important roles in immune system development. The 25 kDa mature human LT-alpha is a secreted protein that shares 75% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat LT-alpha. The 33 kDa mature human LT-beta is a type II transmembrane protein that shares 73% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat LT-beta within common regions of their extracellular domains. Relative to the human protein, mouse and rat LT-beta have a 66 aa or 65 aa insertion within the ECD, respectively. LT-alpha can be secreted as a homotrimer that binds and activates TNF RI/TNFRSF1A, TNF RII/TNFRSF1B, HVEM/TNFRSF14, and Troy/TNFRSF19. LT-alpha is required for development of the spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer’s patches. It also regulates T cell homing to the gut and IgA induction. In addition, LT-alpha can form membrane-associated heterotrimers with two copies of LT-beta on the surface of B, T, LTi, and ILC3 cells. The Lymphotoxin alpha 1/ beta 2 heterotrimer binds and activates the Lymphotoxin beta R/TNFRSF3 (LT beta R) which is expressed on macrophages, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), follicular dendritic cells (FDC), and high endothelial venules (HEV). LT beta R also serves as a receptor for LIGHT/TNFSF14. LT-alpha 1/ beta 2 promotes the development of FDC networks and HEV in lymphoid tissue, the class switching of immature B cells for IgA production, and the production of homeostatic IL-22 by ILCs. It can be shed by ADAM17 or MMP-8 mediated cleavage, and the released heterotrimer circulates in the serum and is elevated in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients.
生物活性
Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L‑929 mouse fibroblast cells.The ED50 for this effect is 0.1838 ng/mL.
95.1-112.1 kDa, under reducing conditions; 105.7 & 178.5-215.4 kDa, under non-reducing conditions.
分子类型
蛋白质
产品线
生物产品
储存与运输
物理形态
冻干(Lyophilized)
储存缓冲液
Lyophilized from PBS, pH 7.4
浓度
expressed in HEK293; 见COA
复溶
We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile distilled water. Stock solutions should be apportioned into working aliquots and stored at ≤ -20 °C. Further dilutions should be made in appropriate buffered solutions.
储存条件
-20°C储存,避免反复冻融
运输条件
超低温运输
稳定性与储存
-20℃保存 12个月;复溶后建议分装,避免反复冻融。
图片
Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin alpha1/beta2 Protein (rp229004) - Protein Bioactivity
Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L‑929 mouse fibroblast cells.The ED50 for this effect is 0.1838 ng/mL.
Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin alpha1/beta2 Protein (rp229004) - SDS-PAGE
3 μg/lane of Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin alpha1/beta2 Protein was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (N) conditions and visualized by Coomassie® Blue staining, showing the bands at 95.1-112.1 kDa under reducing conditions and 105.7 & 178.5-215.4 kDa under non-reducing conditions.
Fc fusion proteins can be linked by disulfide bonds in the Fc hinge region to form stable dimers (PMID: 23665380).