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皂树皂苷佐剂 (VQ-SAP)
有货
为什么选择此级别
BioReagent,无菌 级 提供 ≥90% 纯度，适用于对基线干扰要求严格的色谱和分析工作流程。
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2-8°C储存,避光。低温运输 。请查阅批次 COA 获取详细规格。
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文献证明
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概述
是否无菌：是
皂树皂苷 (VQ-SAP)是基于南美皂皮树 (Quillaja saponaria)提取的天然复合皂苷佐剂系统，含高纯度皂苷组分 (≥90%)，其关键活性成分 (如QS-21、QS-7、QS-17、QS-18)，兼具免疫刺激与安全性优势。
技术突破
1、原料创新：通过原材料筛选，建立标准化原料分级体系，批间一致性CV值＜3%。
2、工艺升级：使用皂苷提取新技术路线，皂苷回收率提升40%，成本较进口产品降低60%。
3、组分可控：通过指纹图谱严格把控QS-21、QS-7占总皂苷比例，QS-21、QS-7纯度及含量高于行业标准。
二、技术参数
| 项目 | 说明 | 备注 |
| 来源 | 南美皂皮树树皮提取 | |
| 皂苷纯度 | ≥90% (HPLC面积归一化法) | 《中国药典》2020版 |
| 关键组分 | QS-21、QS-7 | HPLC |
| 内毒素控制 | ≤5 EU/mg | 鲎试剂法(动态浊度法) |
| 有效期 | 2年 (5~25℃避光保存) | 加速稳定性试验数据 |
三、 配制说明
母液 (10 mg/ml)：
1、称取100 mg VQ-SAP佐剂，置于洁净容器中；
2、加入10 ml蒸馏水；
3、磁力搅拌至完全溶解；
4、溶解后立即在B级环境下的A级层流罩中，通过0.22 μm滤膜过滤至无菌容器；
5、过滤后溶液需冷冻保存，建议分装以避免反复冻融；
6、因存在碱性水解风险，溶液pH值不可超过8.5。
注射途径
仅限皮下或肌肉注射。禁止腹腔注射，因皂苷分子表面活性可能导致化学性腹膜炎及腹膜器官间纤维粘连。
四、作用机制
免疫激活双通路
1、固有免疫激活：
(1) QS-21通过TLR4/MD-2受体介导MyD88依赖性信号通路，快速诱导树突状细胞成熟，上调CD80/CD86表达。
(2) 激活NLRP3炎性小体，促进IL-1β、IL-18分泌，增强Th1型免疫应答。
2、适应性免疫增效：
(1) 与抗原形成纳米级胶束，促进APC摄取抗原并交叉呈递至MHC-I类分子，激活CTL细胞。
(2) 协同3D-MPLA等佐剂时，抗体滴度提升≥3倍 (ELISA检测)。
VQ-SAP佐剂是一种皂苷类佐剂，通过专有纯化工艺确保产品一致性及免疫刺激活性。该佐剂广泛应用于各类兽用疫苗，同时在人类及兽用免疫学研究中具有重要应用价值。
VQ-SAP佐剂提取自南美皂树 (Quillaja saponaria Molina)的水溶性皂苷成分，属于三萜皂苷类化合物，具有共同的三萜骨架结构。该皂苷能对T细胞依赖性与非依赖性抗原均产生强效佐剂效应，并可显著增强CD8+细胞毒性淋巴细胞反应，提升黏膜抗原免疫应答。
当与胆固醇及磷脂结合形成免疫刺激复合物 (ISCOMs)时，VQ-SAP佐剂能同时激活细胞免疫和体液免疫应答，针对病毒、细菌、寄生虫及肿瘤抗原产生广谱免疫效果。
安全性优势
1. 低毒性设计：脱除高致敏原如多糖、多酚、单宁等杂质 (≥95%去除率)。
2. 大鼠，口服：LD50 口服> 5000 毫克/千克 (鼠) EPA IV 级。
3. 大鼠，皮肤：LD50 皮肤>4000 毫克/千克 (大白鼠)
五、已验证应用场景
兽用疫苗
| 疾病领域 | 疫苗案例 | 效果数据 |
| 口蹄疫 | 猪O型FMDV灭活疫苗+皂苷 | 抗体GMT值提升2.8倍 (VS传统铝胶佐剂) |
| PRRSV | 美国AMERCAV疫苗+皂苷 | 攻毒后病毒载量降低99% (qPCR检测) |
| 片吸虫病 | 羊用多表位肽疫苗+皂苷 | 粪便虫卵数减少83% (Kato-Katz法) |
| 弓形虫病 | SAG1重组蛋白疫苗+皂苷 | 脑部包囊形成率下降76% (组织病理学评分) |
宠物疫苗
1、猫杯状病毒 (FCV)：抗体阳性率从68%提升至94% (ELISA法)。
2、犬细小病毒 (CPV)：存活率提高40% (攻毒保护实验)。
六、质量优势与合规
质量控制体系
1、原料端：
(1) 树皮分级标准 (厚度≥3mm，皂苷含量≥10%)。
(2) 重金属控制 (As≤2ppm，Hg≤0.2ppm，符合USP<232>)。
(3) 农药残留控制 (符合中国药典标准)。
2、生产端：
(1) 全流程可追溯 (批次记录关联树皮来源、提取参数)。
(2) 冻干工艺保留皂苷活性 (活性回收率＞95%)。
七、推荐应用方案
适配疫苗类型
| 病原体类型 | 推荐适应症 | 建议添加比例 |
| 病毒 | 猫白血病病毒 (FeLV)、牛呼吸道合胞病毒 | 抗原量的1:1~1:50 |
| 细菌 | 曼氏杆菌疫苗、Q热疫苗 | 抗原量的1:1~1:50 |
| 寄生虫 | 牛巴贝斯虫、羊肝片吸虫 | 抗原量的1:1~1:100 |
剂型建议
水性佐剂：直接与抗原混合。
Quillaja Saponin (VQ‑SAP) is a natural complex saponin adjuvant system extracted from the bark of Quillaja saponaria (South American soapbark tree). It contains highly purified saponin fractions (≥90%), with key active components including QS‑21, QS‑7, QS‑17, and QS‑18, offering balanced advantages in immunostimulation and safety.
Technical Breakthroughs
1. Raw Material InnovationThrough raw material screening, a standardized raw material grading system has been established, with batch‑to‑batch consistency CV < 3%.
2. Process UpgradingA novel technical route for saponin extraction is employed, increasing saponin recovery rate by 40% and reducing costs by 60% compared with imported products.
3. Controllable CompositionThe proportions of QS‑21 and QS‑7 in total saponins are strictly controlled via fingerprint chromatography. The purity and content of QS‑21 and QS‑7 exceed industry standards.
II. Technical Parameters
| Item | Specification | Remarks |
| Source | Extracted from the bark of Quillaja saponaria | — |
| Saponin Purity | ≥90% (HPLC area normalization method) | Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 Edition |
| Key Components | QS‑21, QS‑7 | Determined by HPLC |
| Endotoxin Control | ≤5 EU/mg | Limulus amebocyte lysate (kinetic turbidimetric method) |
| Shelf Life | 2 years (stored at 5–25 °C, protected from light) | Based on accelerated stability test data |
III. Preparation Instructions
Stock Solution (10 mg/mL)
1. Weigh 100 mg of VQ‑SAP adjuvant into a clean container.
2. Add 10 mL of distilled water.
3. Stir magnetically until completely dissolved.
4. Immediately after dissolution, filter the solution through a 0.22 μm membrane into a sterile container under an A‑level laminar flow hood in a B‑grade environment.
5. The filtered solution must be stored frozen; aliquoting is recommended to avoid repeated freeze‑thaw cycles.
6. Due to the risk of alkaline hydrolysis, the solution pH must not exceed 8.5.
Route of Administration
For subcutaneous or intramuscular injection only.Intraperitoneal injection is prohibited, as the surfactant property of saponin molecules may cause chemical peritonitis and fibrous adhesions between peritoneal organs.
IV. Mechanism of Action
Dual Pathway Immune Activation
1. Innate Immune Activation
(1) QS‑21 mediates the MyD88‑dependent signaling pathway via the TLR4/MD‑2 receptor, rapidly inducing dendritic cell maturation and upregulating CD80/CD86 expression.
(2) Activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, promotes the secretion of IL‑1β and IL‑18, and enhances Th1‑type immune responses.
2. Adaptive Immune Enhancement
(1) Forms nanoscale micelles with antigens, facilitating antigen uptake by APCs and cross‑presentation to MHC class I molecules, thereby activating CTLs.
(2) When combined with adjuvants such as 3D‑MPLA, antibody titers increase ≥3‑fold (measured by ELISA).
VQ‑SAP is a saponin‑based adjuvant whose product consistency and immunostimulatory activity are ensured through proprietary purification processes. It is widely used in various veterinary vaccines and holds significant value in both human and veterinary immunological research.
Extracted from the water‑soluble saponin fraction of Quillaja saponaria Molina, VQ‑SAP belongs to triterpenoid saponins with a common triterpene backbone structure. It exerts potent adjuvant effects on both T‑cell‑dependent and T‑cell‑independent antigens, significantly enhances CD8⁺ cytotoxic lymphocyte responses, and boosts mucosal antigen immune responses.
When combined with cholesterol and phospholipids to form immune‑stimulating complexes (ISCOMs), VQ‑SAP adjuvant simultaneously activates cellular and humoral immune responses, eliciting broad‑spectrum immunity against viral, bacterial, parasitic, and tumor antigens.
Safety Advantages
1. Low‑Toxicity Design: Highly allergenic impurities such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, and tannins are removed (removal rate ≥95%).
2. Acute Oral Toxicity (Rat): LD₅₀ > 5000 mg/kg b.w., EPA Toxicity Category IV.
3. Acute Dermal Toxicity (Rat): LD₅₀ > 4000 mg/kg b.w.
V. Verified Application Scenarios
Veterinary Vaccines
| Disease Area | Vaccine Example | Efficacy Data |
| Foot‑and‑Mouth Disease | Swine type O FMDV inactivated vaccine + saponin | 2.8‑fold increase in antibody GMT vs. conventional aluminum gel adjuvant |
| PRRSV | US AMERCAV vaccine + saponin | 99% reduction in viral load after challenge (detected by qPCR) |
| Fascioliasis | Multiepitope peptide vaccine for sheep + saponin | 83% reduction in fecal egg count (Kato‑Katz method) |
| Toxoplasmosis | SAG1 recombinant protein vaccine + saponin | 76% decrease in brain cyst formation rate (histopathological scoring) |
Pet Vaccines
1. Feline Calicivirus (FCV): Antibody positive rate increased from 68% to 94% (ELISA).
2. Canine Parvovirus (CPV): Survival rate improved by 40% (challenge protection test).
VI. Quality Advantages & Compliance
Quality Control System
1. Raw Material Stage
(1) Bark grading standard (thickness ≥3 mm, saponin content ≥10%).
(2) Heavy metal control (As ≤2 ppm, Hg ≤0.2 ppm, complying with USP <232>).
(3) Pesticide residue control (complying with Chinese Pharmacopoeia standards).
2. Production Stage
(1) Full‑process traceability (batch records linked to bark source and extraction parameters).
(2) Lyophilization process preserves saponin activity (activity recovery rate >95%).
VII. Recommended Application Protocol
Compatible Vaccine Types
| Pathogen Type | Recommended Indications | Suggested Addition Ratio |
| Virus | Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV), Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus | 1:1 to 1:50 relative to antigen dosage |
| Bacteria | Mannheimia haemolytica vaccine, Q fever vaccine | 1:1 to 1:50 relative to antigen dosage |
| Parasite | Babesia bovis, Fasciola hepatica in sheep | 1:1 to 1:100 relative to antigen dosage |
Formulation Recommendation
Aqueous adjuvant: Mix directly with antigen.
规格
英文别名
VQ-SAP adjuvant
规格或纯度
BioReagent, 无菌, ≥90%, 来源于南美皂皮树
稳定性与储存
Store at 2-8℃ long term (24 months). Store in the dark.
英文名称
Quillaja saponin adjuvant (VQ-SAP)
储存条件
2-8°C储存,避光
运输条件
低温运输
纯度
≥90%
产品线
生物产品
名称和识别符
分子类型
生物试剂/缓冲液
技术文档
高级数据
化学和物理性质
溶解性
可溶于水
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| 批号(Lot Number) | 证书类型 | 货号 |
|---|---|---|
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