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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY · 2023 · IF 6.8

Combined toxicity of erythromycin and roxithromycin and their removal by Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Kai Liu,Jiping Li,Yuhao Zhou,Wei Li,Hu Cheng,Jiangang Han

The ecological effects of antibiotics in surface water have attracted increasing research attention. In this study, we investigated the combined ecotoxicity of erythromycin (ERY) and roxithromycin (ROX) on the microalgae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa , and the removal of ERY and ROX during the exposure. The calculated 96-h median effect concentration (EC 50 ) values of ERY, ROX, and their mixture (2:1 w/w) were 7.37, 3.54, and 7.91 mg∙L -1 , respectively. However, the predicted EC 50 values of ERY+ROX mixture were 5.42 and 1.51 mg∙L -1 , based on the concentration addition and independent action models, respectively. This demonstrated the combined toxicity of ERY+ ROX mixture showed an antagonistic effect on Chlorella pyrenoidosa . During the 14-d culture, low-concentration (EC 10 ) treatments with ERY, ROX, and their mixture caused the growth inhibition rate to decrease during the first 12 d and increase slightly at 14 d. In contrast, high-concentration (EC 50 ) treatments significantly inhibited microalgae growth ( p  < 0.05). Changes in the total chlorophyll contents, SOD and CAT activities, and MDA contents of microalgae suggested that individual treatments with ERY and ROX induced higher oxidative stress than combined treatments. After the 14-d culture time, residual Ery in low and high concentration Ery treatments were 17.75% and 74.43%, and the residual Rox were 76.54% and 87.99%, but the residuals were 8.03% and 73.53% in ERY+ ROX combined treatment. These indicated that antibiotic removal efficiency was higher in combined treatments than that in individual treatments, especially at low concentrations (EC 10 ). Correlation analysis suggested that there was a significant negative correlation between the antibiotic removal efficiency of C. pyrenoidosa and their SOD activity and MDA content, and the enhanced antibiotic removal ability of microalgae benefited from increased cell growth and chlorophyll content. Findings in this study contribute to predicting ecological risk of coexisting antibiotics in aquatic environment, and to improving biological treatment technology of antibiotics in wastewater.

研究领域: 环境科学 · 生物学
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JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE · 2011 · IF 1.797

A simple fluorescence quenching method for roxithromycin determination using CdTe quantum dots as probes

Jinyun Peng,Xiaoya Hu

A new method for the determination of roxithromycin based on the fluorescence quenching of 3-mercaptopropionic acid-capped CdTe quantum dots (MPA-CdTe QDs) was developed. In ethanol medium, the fluorescence of CdTe quantum dots at 552   nm was quenched in the presence of roxithromycin. Based on this a simple, sensitive, and selective method for rapid determination of roxithromycin was described. Reaction time, interfering substances on the fluorescence quenching, and mechanism of the interaction of CdTe QDs with roxithromycin were investigated. After optimization, the proposed method allows the determination of roxithromycin over the range 25.0–350.0   μg   ml −1 . The detection limit is 4.6   μg   ml −1 . The proposed method was successfully applied to commercial capsules and tablets with satisfactory results. The recovery of the method was in the range of 96.8–102.5%.

研究领域: 分析化学 · 药学
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AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY · 2025 · IF 4.3

The key molecular mechanisms of antagonism induced by combined exposure to erythromycin and roxithromycin in Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Feifan Wu,Xiangjie Pan,Yuhao Zhou,Yan Zhu,Kai Liu,Wei Li,Jiangang Han

Emerging pollutants such as antibiotics have raised great concern in recent years, but the complex coexistence of multiple antibiotics in the environment poses a new challenge in the accurate assessment of the toxicity of antibiotics to aquatic organisms such as microalgae. In this study, the mechanism of action of a combination of erythromycin (ERY) and roxithromycin (ROX) on Chlorella pyrenoidosa was illustrated based on the physiological–biochemical response and transcriptomic analysis. The results revealed an inhibitory effect on the biomass of C. pyrenoidosa at 14 d in all treatment groups, whereas an antagonistic effect was observed in the coexposure groups. The photosystem was the main target despite the existence of multiple compensatory mechanisms, such as expanding the antenna size and initiating alternative electron carriers. The intercept of electrons on the donor side of PSI limited the production of energy, whereas the adjustment of the content and ratio of pigments strengthened microalgal adaptation. Enzymes and genes related to the degradation of exogenous compounds, including cytochrome P450 (P450), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and ABC transporters, mediated the detoxification of antibiotics. The upregulated expression of related genes induced by coexposure increased resistance and explained the antagonistic effects. The shift in energy allocation by increasing the proportion of lipids met the urgent requirements of microalgal physiological activities. This study reemphasizes the modes of interactions between multiple antibiotics and provides new insights into the mechanisms of antagonism induced by combinations of antibiotics.

CAS / MDL: 4091-99-0
研究领域: 环境科学 · 毒理学 · 分子生物学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS · 2021 · IF 10.588

Metagenomic analysis explores the interaction of aged microplastics and roxithromycin on gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes of Carassius auratus

Peng Zhang,Guanghua Lu,Yu Sun,Zhenhua Yan,Tianjian Dang,Jianchao Liu

The aging process changes the physicochemical structure of microplastics and affects environmental behaviors and toxicological effects of coexisting pollutants, thereby posing ecological risks. In this study, the effects of aged polystyrene microplastics alone or in combination with the 100 μg/L roxithromycin (ROX) on intestines of Carassius auratus were investigated. The carrier effect of microplastics was enhanced by aging due to changes in functional groups and surface area, which led to an increase in the bioaccumulation of ROX. The combined exposure of aged microplastics (APS) and ROX caused more inflammatory cell infiltration and cilia defects, and significantly inhibited the activity of amylase and lipase. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that the combined exposure of microplastics and ROX increased the abundance of Gemmobacter , Bosea , Rhizobium , and Shinella and decreased the abundance of Cetobacterium and Akkermansia ( p  < 0.05). The presence of APS enhanced the selective enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes. What's more, the influence of microplastics and antibiotics on gut microbiota was closely related to carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism activities, as well as the abundance of baca and sul1 resistance genes. These results expand our understanding of the interaction mechanism between APS and antibiotics in real aquatic environment.

CAS / MDL: 886-86-2 80214-83-1
研究领域: 环境科学 · 微生物学 · 毒理学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH · 2019 ·Vol. 26 ·期 14 ·14570-14582 · IF 2.914

Degradation of typical macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin by hydroxyl radical: kinetics, products, and toxicity assessment

Li Wei,Xu Xiujuan,Lyu Baoling,Tang Ying,Zhang Yinlong,Chen Fang,Korshin Gregory

The degradation of roxithromycin (ROX) by hydroxyl radical (·OH) generated by UV/H 2 O 2 was systematically investigated in terms of degradation kinetics, effects of water chemistry parameters, oxidation products, as well as toxicity evaluation. The degradation of ROX by UV/H 2 O 2 with varying light irradiation intensity, initial ROX concentration, and H 2 O 2 concentration in pure water and wastewater all followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The second-order rate constant for reaction between ROX and ·OH is 5.68 ± 0.34 × 10 9 /M/s. The degradation rate of ROX increased with the pH; for instance, the apparent degradation rates were 0.0162 and 0.0309/min for pH 4 and pH 9, respectively. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) at its concentrations up to 10 mg C/L did not significantly affect the removal of ROX. NO 3 − and NO 2 − anions inhibited the degradation of ROX due to the consumption of ·OH in reactions with these ions. Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , and Mg 2+ cations inhibited the degradation of ROX, probably because of the formation of ROX-metal chelates. A total of ten degradation products were tentatively identified by HPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap XL MS, which mainly derived from the attack on the oxygen linking the lactone ring and the cladinose moiety, tertiary amine and oxime side chain moiety by ·OH. The toxicity evaluation revealed that UV/H 2 O 2 treatment of ROX induced the toxicity to bioluminescent bacteria increased.

CAS / MDL: 631-61-8 9001-05-2
研究领域: 环境科学 · 毒理学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY · 2023 · IF 4.7

Effects of ammonia and roxithromycin exposure on skin mucus microbiota composition and immune response of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

Donghao Yuan,Shidong Wang,Xue Li,Muzi Zhang,Ming Li

As an inevitable factor in aquaculture, ammonia plays a critical role in macrolide antibiotic resistance, leading to accumulating of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in fish skin mucus. In this study, four experimental groups were implemented to test the effects of ammonia alone or in combination with roxithromycin for 28 days on skin mucus microbial composition and the immune response of yellow catfish: CON (control), AN (50.00 mg L −1 total ammonia nitrogen, TA-N), ROX (100 μg L −1 roxithromycin), and HR (50.00 mg L −1 TA-N, 100 μg L −1 ROX). This study demonstrated that ammonia or roxithromycin exposure resulted in increased plasma ammonia content and decreased total antioxidant capacity. Compared with AN group, the combined exposure of ammonia and roxithromycin inhibited the skin mucus immune response. Microbial composition analysis showed that combined exposure of ammonia and roxithromycin had no significant effect on skin mucus α-diversity as compared with CON group. The abundance of Cetobacterium , Rhizobiales_Incertae_Sedis_uncultured and Acinetobacter was increased significantly with the combined effect of ammonia and roxithromycin, these bacteria may be potentially antibiotic-resistant. As compared with CON group, the combined exposure of ammonia and roxithromycin did not affect skin goblet cell counts. This study suggests that combined exposure to ammonia and ROX increases the risk of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

研究领域: 水产养殖 · 微生物学 · 免疫学
✓ 已验证 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL · 2025 · IF 5.1

Efficient SERS substrate HOF@Au synergistically CHA-mediated double-end DNA walker as high-efficient signal amplification strategy to achieve ultra-sensitive detection of roxithromycin

Yi He,Xiaoyu Yang,Shunbi Xie,Runzi Zhang,Yao Liu,Mengjun Wang

Roxithromycin (ROX) is an effective antibiotic, but its prolonged administration may lead to hepatotoxicity and other side effects. To address this concern, the present study introduced a novel strategy that integrated a CHA-mediated dual-end DNA walker with hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) combined with Au nanoparticles (NPs) as efficient SERS substrates, enabling highly sensitive detection of ROX in food. Notably, HOF possessed a large specific surface area and strong adsorption properties that making it excellent platforms for the in-situ synthesis of abundant Au NPs and contributed to robust and uniform SERS signals. When ROX was present, it can trigger the activation of CHA and resulting the formation of a dual-end DNAzyme structure. Meanwhile, under the catalytic action of Mg 2+ , DNAzyme initiated the DNA walker mechanism and generated a substantial amount of Output DNA. Moreover, the Au@4-NTP@Ag core-shell structure generated numerous SERS “hot spots” and combined with the signal-amplifying capability of HOF@Au, leading to a remarkable improvement in SERS sensitivity. Based on this mechanism, the developed sensor employs a “signal-on” strategy for ultra-sensitive detection of ROX, achieving a detection range from 1.0 × 10 −6 to 1.0 × 10 −13  mol/L with a detection limit of 3.72 × 10 −14  mol/L. Furthermore, the method had been successfully applied to the detection of ROX in real food samples, including milk and honey, offering a promising and innovative framework for the development of next-generation SERS biosensors. This approach demonstrated significant potential for highly selective and sensitive antibiotic monitoring in food safety applications.

研究领域: 分析化学 · 生物传感器 · 纳米技术 · 食品安全 · 抗生素检测
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT · 2019 · IF 5.589

Impact of roxithromycin on waste activated sludge anaerobic digestion: Methane production, carbon transformation and antibiotic resistance genes

Bing-Jie Ni,Shuting Zeng,Wei Wei,Xiaohu Dai,Jing Sun

The macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin is widely detected in varying aquatic environments, especially in the wastewater systems, as an emerging contaminant and leads to significant impacts on the microorganisms involved. In this study, the impact of a shock load of roxithromycin on waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic digestion was comprehensively investigated. The biochemical methane potential tests showed that the methane production from WAS anaerobic digestion was significantly inhibited by roxithromycin. With the dosage of roxithromycin increasing from 0 to 1000 μg/L, the maximum cumulative methane production decreased from 163.5 ± 2.6 mL/g VS to 150.9 ± 4.5 mL/g VS. In particular, roxithromycin inhibited the acidogenesis and methanogenesis in WAS anaerobic digestion, leading to the decreased methane production. The methanogenic archaea in the studied system mainly belonged to the genera of Methanoseata, Candidatus Methanofastidiosum and Methanolinea and their relative abundances also decreased with roxithromycin addition. The analysis of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the digested sludge indicated that the abundances of most ARGs detected in this study were increased with roxithromycin exposure, suggesting the potential of growing antibiotic resistance, which was probably caused by enhancing the effect of esterases, methylases and phosphorylases. This work reveals how roxithromycin affects the WAS anaerobic digestion and the change of ARGs in the anaerobic digestion with roxithromycin exposure, and provides useful information for practical operation.

研究领域: 环境工程 · 微生物学 · 生物技术
✓ 已验证 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY · 2022 · IF 11.889

Application of moving bed biofilm reactor - nanofiltration - membrane bioreactor with loose nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes for synthetic roxithromycin-containing wastewater treatment: Long-term performance, membrane fouling and microbial community

Lei Cao,Yuanling Li,Peining Li,Xueting Zhang,Lei Ni,Li Qi,Haitao Wen,Xinbo Zhang,Yufeng Zhang

The present study operated the novel moving bed biofilm reactor-nanofiltration-membrane bioreactor (MBBR-NF-MBR) with loose polyamide NF membranes for the first time to treat roxithromycin (ROX) wastewater. Results showed that both MBBR-NF-MBRs achieved superior COD removal of 98.4% and 97.2% and excellent removal of ROX at 74.1% and 65.5%, respectively. The main membrane fouling mechanism was reversible fouling caused by the combination of abundant polysaccharides, proteins and Ca-P precipitates, which could be effectively removed by acidic cleaning. Sorption and biodegradation were the main removal routes of ROX in MBBR . Partial retention of loose NF membrane contributed to microbial metabolism and increased microbial diversity, especially the genera Hyphomicrobium in attached biofilm, which was reasonable for ROX removal. The cleavage of cladinose, demethylation, phosphorylation and β-oxidation in macrolactone ring were the main biotransformation reactions of ROX. This study provides novel insights for micropollutants wastewater treatment by using loose NF membrane in MBR.

研究领域: 环境工程 · 废水处理 · 微生物学
✓ 已验证 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY · 2020 · IF 4.872

Interactive effects of roxithromycin and freshwater microalgae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa: Toxicity and removal mechanism

Jiping Li,Zhongfang Min,Wei Li,Lijie Xu,Jiangang Han,Pingping Li

Roxithromycin (ROX) has received increasing concern due to its large usage, ubiquitous detection in environment and high ecotoxicology risk. This study investigated the acute and chronic effects of ROX on the growth, chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes, and malonaldehyde (MDA) content of Chlorella pyrenoidosa , as well as the removal mechanism of ROX during microalgae cultivation. The calculated 96 h median effective concentration of ROX on yield (E y C 50 ) and specific growth rate (E r C 50 ) of C. pyrenoidosa was 0.81 and 2.87 mg/L, respectively. After 96 h exposure, 1.0 ~ 2.0 mg/L of ROX significantly inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll and promoted the activities of SOD and CAT ( p  < 0.05). The MDA content increased with the ROX concentration increasing from 0.5 ~ 1.0 mg/L, and then decreased to 105.76% of the control exposure to 2.0 mg/L ROX, demonstrating the oxidative damage could be moderated by the upregulation of SOD and CAT activities. During the 21 d chronic exposure, low concentration of ROX (0.1 and 0.25 mg/L) showed no significant effect on the growth and chlorophyll content of algae during the first 14 d, but significantly inhibited the growth of algae and the synthesis of chlorophyll at 21 d ( p  < 0.05 or p  < 0.01). 1.0 mg/L ROX significantly inhibited the growth of microalgae during 3 ~ 21 d and the synthesis of chlorophyll at 7 ~ 21 d. High concentration and long-term exposure of low concentration of ROX caused the SOD and CAT activities and MDA content to increase, demonstrating a higher level of oxidative damage of microalgae. During the first 14 d, abiotic removal of ROX played a more important role, contributing about 12.21% ~ 21.37% of ROX removal. After 14 d, the biodegradation of ROX by C. pyrenoidosa gradually became a more important removal mechanism, contributing about 45.99% ~ 53.30% of ROX removal at 21 d. Bio-adsorption and bioaccumulation both played minor roles in the removal of ROX during algae cultivation.

CAS / MDL: 631-61-8 64-19-7
研究领域: 环境科学 · 生态毒理学 · 微生物学 · 药理学
✓ 已验证 产品关联 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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Current Drug Delivery · 2024 ·Vol. 21 ·期 5 ·753-762 · IF 2.8

Roxithromycin and rhEGF Co-loaded Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive Nanoparticles for Accelerating Wound Healing

Ding Jun,Chen Dan,Hu Jun,Zhang Dinglin,Gou Yajun,Wu Yaguang

Background: Bacterial infection can delay wound healing and is therefore a major threat to public health. Although various strategies have been developed to treat bacterial infections, antibiotics remain the best option to combat infections. The inclusion of growth factors in the treatment approach can also accelerate wound healing. The co-delivery of antibiotics and growth factors for the combined treatment of wounds needs further investigation.Objective: Here we aimed to develop antibiotic and growth factor co-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) to treat Staphylococcus aureus-infected wounds.Methods: By using our previously prepared reactive oxygen species-responsive material (Oxi-αCD), roxithromycin (ROX)-loaded NPs (ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs) and recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF)/ROX co-loaded NPs (rhEGF/ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs) were successfully fabricated. The in vivo efficacy of this prepared nanomedicine was evaluated in mice with S. aureus-infected wounds.Results: ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs and rhEGF/ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs had a spherical structure and their particle sizes were 164 ± 5 nm and 190 ± 8 nm, respectively. The in vitro antibacterial experiments showed that ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs had a lower minimum inhibitory concentration than ROX. The in vivo animal experiments demonstrated that rhEGF/ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs could significantly accelerate the healing of S. aureus-infected wounds as compared to the free ROX drug and ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs (P < 0.05).Conclusion: ROX and rhEGF co-loaded NPs can effectively eliminate bacteria in wounds and accelerate wound healing. Our present work could provide a new strategy to combat bacteria-infected wounds.

研究领域: 药学 · 生物医学工程 · 微生物学
✓ 已验证 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials · 2019 · IF 2.263

Concomitant drugs-loaded microcapsules of roxithromycin and theophylline with pH-sensitive controlled-releasing properties

You Zhou,Bining Qiu,Xueqiong Yin,Haifang Liu,Li Zhu

Cough variant asthma (CVA) is well-known as a subtype of asthma that is characterized by a chronic cough. Roxithromycin (ROX) and theophylline (TH) have a synergistic effect on CVA. In this study, concomitant drugs-loaded microcapsules (CDM) of ROX and TH were prepared by spray drying with amphiphilic methylcellulose (MC) and sodium Alginate (Alg) as the wall materials. The preparation conditions and wall materials components had been optimized and MC/Alg/MC had the highest encapsulation efficiency. With MC/Alg/MC as the wall material, microcapsules of concomitant drugs had higher drug loading than those of the single drug. CDM expressed obvious pH-sensitive controlled-release behavior. After 12 h releasing, the cumulative release of ROX and TH at pH 1.5 was 21.07% and 22.31%, 73.14% and 97.52% at pH 7.4, respectively. The antibacterial efficacy of pure drugs and CDM further proved that controlled-release was achieved in CDM. Cytotoxicity test on neutrophils also confirmed that CDM were less toxic to cells than the pure drugs.

CAS / MDL: 1098-60-8
研究领域: 药剂学 · 药理学 · 药物递送系统 · 呼吸系统疾病
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