The TUNEL assay is one of the most commonly used methods for detecting DNA fragmentation in apoptosis studies. Its detection target is the 3'-OH terminus of fragmented DNA rather than the apoptotic pathway itself.
The DNA of apoptotic cells is cut into fragments of about 200 base pairs under the action of caspase-activated nuclease (CAD), forming DNA ladders. By detecting DNA fragmentation during apoptosis, the degree of apoptosis can be evaluated.
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