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MDH （EC 1.1.1.37）广泛存在于动物、植物、微生物和培养细胞中，线粒体中MDH是TCA循环的关键酶之一，催化苹果酸形成草酰乙酸；相反，胞浆中MDH催化草酰乙酸形成苹果酸。草酰乙酸是重要的中间产物， 连接多条重要的代谢途径。因此，MDH在细胞多种生理活动中扮演着重要的角色，包括线粒体的能量代谢、 苹果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭系统、活性氧代谢和抗病性等。根据不同的辅酶特异性，MDH分为NAD-依赖的MDH和NADP-依赖的MDH，细菌中通常只含有NAD-MDH，在真核细胞中，NAD-MDH分布于细胞质和线粒体中。 测定原理：催化NADH还原草酰乙酸生成苹果酸，导致340nm处光吸收下降。
Malate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) is widely distributed in animals, plants, microorganisms, and cultured cells. In mitochondria, MDH functions as a key enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, catalyzing the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate. Conversely, in the cytosol, MDH catalyzes the formation of malate from oxaloacetate. As oxaloacetate is a crucial intermediate connecting several important metabolic pathways, MDH plays a significant role in various cellular physiological activities, including mitochondrial energy metabolism, the malate-aspartate shuttle system, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and disease resistance. Based on coenzyme specificity, MDH is categorized into NAD-dependent MDH and NADP-dependent MDH. Bacteria typically contain only NAD-MDH, while in eukaryotic cells, NAD-MDH is distributed in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Assay Principle: The activity is determined by measuring the decrease in absorbance at 340 nm, which results from the MDH-catalyzed reduction of oxaloacetate to malate using NADH.
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