怀孕的母马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)通常缩短为母马血清,也称为马绒毛膜促性腺激素(eCG),是一种源自孕妇血清(雌性马)的血清的激素。它是蛋白质和糖蛋白的复杂混合物,主要由胎盘的绒毛膜细胞产生。
生产过程
1. 妊娠检测:检查母马以确认怀孕。这通常是通过兽医检查,超声检查或激素测试来完成的。
2. 血清的收集:确认怀孕后,从怀孕母马收集血液样本。血液通常是通过静脉静脉或另一种合适的静脉通过静脉穿刺获得的。
3. 血清分离:收集的血液被离心以将血清与其他血液成分分开。离心量会将强力分开,将密度的成分(例如红细胞)与较浅的血清分开。
4. 血清加工:含有PMSG的分离血清进行进一步加工。这可能涉及过滤,纯化和稳定方法,以确保PMSG的所需浓度和质量。
应用
母马血清(PMSG)通常用于兽医和动物繁殖的性腺作用,这意味着它刺激了性腺的发育和功能(雌性中的雄性和卵巢的睾丸)。它具有刺激卵泡激素(FSH)的活性,有助于调节和促进雌性动物卵巢卵泡的生长和发育。
在牲畜生产中,PMSG通常用于诱导牛,绵羊和山羊等动物的超排卵。超排卵是指卵巢在单个生殖周期内产生多个排卵的刺激,从而增加了成功育种和胚胎转移的机会。
此外,PMSG还可以用于诱导动物的发情(热)同步,有助于协调一个或群体内女性的繁殖周期。它可以按照兽医提供的适当剂量指南,通常是在肌肉内或皮下进行的。
Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), often shortened to mare serum and also known as equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), is a hormone derived from the serum of pregnant female horses. It is a complex mixture of proteins and glycoproteins, mainly produced by the chorionic cells of the placenta.
Manufacturing Process
1. Pregnancy testing: Mares are examined to confirm pregnancy. This is generally accomplished via veterinary examination, ultrasonography or hormone assays.
2. Serum collection: After pregnancy is confirmed, blood samples are collected from pregnant mares. Blood is typically obtained by venipuncture of the jugular vein or other suitable veins.
3. Serum separation: The collected blood is centrifuged to separate serum from other blood components. Centrifugation separates high‑density components such as red blood cells from the less‑dense serum fraction.
4. Serum processing: The separated serum containing PMSG undergoes further processing. This may involve filtration, purification and stabilization procedures to achieve the required concentration and quality of PMSG.
Applications
Mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) is widely used in veterinary medicine and animal reproduction for its gonadotropic effect, i.e., it stimulates the development and function of gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females). It exhibits follicle‑stimulating hormone (FSH)‑like activity, which helps regulate and promote the growth and development of ovarian follicles in female animals.
In livestock production, PMSG is commonly used to induce superovulation in cattle, sheep, goats and other animals. Superovulation refers to stimulation of the ovary to produce multiple ovulations within a single reproductive cycle, increasing the chances of successful breeding and embryo transfer.
In addition, PMSG can be used to induce estrus (heat) synchronization in animals, facilitating coordination of reproductive cycles among females within an individual or herd. It is usually administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously following appropriate dosage guidelines provided by a veterinarian.