Neuropeptides constitute the central integrative layer of energy homeostasis regulation. The hypothalamus–brainstem network continuously receives signals from the gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, and circulating nutrient substrates, and in turn reshapes feeding, ...
Neuropeptides are active signaling molecules synthesized by neurons. Their communication typically occurs locally—one neuron releases a neuropeptide, which then binds to a G-protein–coupled receptor located on a nearby neuron’s surface. While often co-released alongside a primary ...