Energy Sources Part A-Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects
·
2025
·
IF 2.2
Yuanxin Zhao
The efficient separation of bio-based solvents, such as acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE), is a critical challenge in biofuel production. Traditional separation methods, such as distillation, are energy-intensive, prompting the need for more sustainable alternatives. The salting-out process offers a promising approach by exploiting phase separation induced by inorganic salts, yet research on its equilibrium time remains limited. This study systematically investigates the salting-out performance and separation kinetics of ABE using K3PO4 under varying salt concentrations (200–400 g/kg) and temperatures (25–50°C). Results show that increasing salt concentration from 200 to 400 g/kg reduced the salting-out equilibrium time from approximately 100 min to 30 min for acetone and 1-butanol, while ethanol reached equilibrium in less than 5 min under all conditions. Higher temperatures further extended equilibrium time. This work highlights the positive effect of salt concentration on shortening equilibrium time and the counterintuitive effect of higher temperatures in extending equilibrium time, offering new insights into optimizing salting-out separation for biofuel production.
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JOURNAL OF ADHESION
·
2025
·
IF 2.3
Ruiqiang Li,Zi Wang,Zhuo Ge,Chunhui Luo
Adhesives were widely applied in biomedical devices, wound dressings, hemostatic sealing, etc. Current approaches depended on petroleum and complex surface modifications, leading to limited functionalities. Herein, an aqueous adhesive (GT-50–50), based on the grape seed protein (GSP), water, and tannic acid (TA) was reported to bond various substrates (wood, iron, plastics, etc.) both in water and air without chemical modifications, by the formation of multiple non-covalent interactions at the adhesive-substrate interface. Due to the rapid formation of readily accessible short-range forces, it could achieve rapid adhesion to the above substrates within 8 s. The combination of TA and GSP through intermolecular hydrogen bonds enhanced the cohesive energy of the adhesive. Meanwhile, strong interactions formed between the GT-50–50 adhesive and substrates, resulting in an adhesive strength of 545.4 kPa on wood. Using iron as the substrate, the adhesion strength underwater was 74.1 kPa after immersing in water for 24 h. Reversible interactions endowed repeatable adhesion. After 10 adhesion-detachment cycles, the GT-50–50 adhesive exhibited an average adhesion retention ratio of 81.3% on the above substrates. Due to the thermo-sensitivity of hydrogen bonds, on-demand debonding was realized by elevating the temperature to 60°C. With numerous advantages, the GT-50–50 adhesive was promising in biomedical fields, such as wound dressings, tissue repair, biomedical sensors, etc.
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FUEL
·
2025
·
IF 7.5
Xianjie Wang,Long Yan,Yufei Wang,Shuaige Shi,Jian Li,Xiaoyong Fan
The production of semi-coke via low- and medium-temperature coal pyrolysis offers a promising avenue for coal utilization, yet the resultant wastewater poses significant treatment challenges due to its complex pollutants. This study introduces an innovative approach that shifts from “treatment” to “conversion,” utilizing phenolic substances and ammonium compounds in the wastewater to synthesize thermosetting phenolic resin (PR) and porous carbon (PC). These were activated with potassium hydroxide (KOH), yielding high-performance PC. Using response surface methodology (RSM), optimal conditions were identified: a KOH to PR ratio of 2.798:1, temperature of 816.43 °C, and duration of 1.22 h, achieving maximum iodine adsorption of 1457.22 mg/g. Thermal analysis and kinetic studies showed easier activation of PRs than methenamine, with mixed phenol-derived resins having the lowest activation energy. The pore structure analysis revealed that catechol, 2,3-dimethylphenol, and 2,6-dimethylphenol generated substantial mesopore and micropore volumes, whereas phenol and m-cresol primarily formed large pores. Ammonia addition rendered the PC pores round and regular. This research establishes a theoretical basis for transforming semi-coking wastewater into valuable resources and synthesizing advanced PC materials.
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Journal of Energy Storage
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Shiyang Yi,Yujie Liang,Nan Li,Mingsheng Li,Jingwen Li,Yingxin Chen,Yonghong Cheng,Lei Zhang
Given the advancements in electric vehicles and high-temperature power systems, there has been significant interest in high-temperature dielectric materials. Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) is widely employed in energy storage films due to the excellent dielectric properties. However, its limited thermal resistance constrains its use in high-temperature environments. In contrast, polycarbonate (PC) offers a high glass transition temperature ( T g ~ 150 °C), making it more suitable for elevated temperatures, but its relatively low dielectric constant (~3.0) hampers its energy storage density. To overcome this, we introduced the triphenyl-sulfone group into PC, for increasing the dielectric constant while further enhancing its glass transition temperature. Both simulation and experiments reveal that increasing sulfone-containing triphenyl amount is beneficial to the dielectric and energy storage performance. The inclusion of high polar sulfone group could enhance the dielectric constant of the polycarbonate film while improve the chain rigidity and thermal resistance. With a molar content of 50 %, sulfone-containing triphenyl polycarbonate copolymer displays a T g of 216 °C as well as a dielectric constant of 4.2 (@50 Hz) without sacrificing the breakdown strength ( E b ). A high discharge energy density ( U e ) of 3.81 J/cm 3 was achieved, 33 % higher than that of PC, with a high efficiency ( η ) exceeding 94 %. At room temperature and under 200 MV/m, the U e reached 0.94 J/cm 3 , 1.8 times that of BOPP under the same conditions. Furthermore, the film demonstrated good operational stability, being recycled 10 4 times at 200 MV/m both at room temperature and 120 °C, with good self-cleaning properties and showing no apparent performance degradation.
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MOLECULES
·
2024
·Vol. 29
·期 14
·3351
·
IF 4.2
Gang Wang,Sisi Wang,Tao Hu,Famin Shi
As micron-sized objects, mobile microrobots have shown significant potential for future biomedical applications, such as targeted drug delivery and minimally invasive surgery. However, to make these microrobots viable for clinical applications, several crucial aspects should be implemented, including customizability, motion-controllability, imageability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Developing materials to meet these requirements is of utmost importance. Here, a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and (2-(4-vinylphenyl)ethene-1,1,2-triyl)tribenzene (TPEMA)-based multifunctional hydrogel with 3D printability, fluorescence imageability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility is demonstrated. By using 3D direct laser writing method, the hydrogel exhibits its versatility in the customization and fabrication of 3D microstructures. Spherical hydrogel microrobots were fabricated and decorated with magnetic nanoparticles on their surface to render them magnetically responsive, and have demonstrated excellent movement performance and motion controllability. The hydrogel microstructures also represented excellent drug loading/release capacity and degradability by using collagenase, along with stable fluorescence properties. Moreover, cytotoxicity assays showed that the hydrogel was non-toxic, as well as able to support cell attachment and growth, indicating excellent biocompatibility of the hydrogel. The developed multifunctional hydrogel exhibits great potential for biomedical microrobots that are integrated with customizability, 3D printability, motion controllability, drug delivery capacity, fluorescence imageability, degradability, and biocompatibility, thus being able to realize the real in vivo biomedical applications of microrobots.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
·
2024
·
IF 4
Jie Li,Sujuan Wang,Jiawei Dong,Dexin Li,Xinnan Wang,Gang Ma,Xinwu Ba
In this study, a series of carbonized polymer dots were synthesized using Congo red and tryptophan as carbon source by changing their molar ratio through simple one-step method in microwave oven. The prepared carbonized polymer dots could emit red fluorescence. All prepared carbonized polymer dots could inhibit the amyloid aggregation of human lysozyme and the CPDs-3 showed the best inhibition capability. The inhibition ratio of the CPDs-3 reached 95.8% at concentration of 40 μg/mL and the IC 50 was 0.41 μg/mL, which may be attributed to the highest content of Congo red on the periphery of the CPDs-3. The CPDs-3 could easily interact with β-sheet structure of human lysozyme through π-π stacking and hydrophobic interaction, which helped to retard the amyloid aggregation. The CPDs-3 also displayed good anti-oxidative property and the highest elimination efficiency for hydroxyl free radical. In addition, the CPDs-3 showed nontoxicity on bEnd.3 cell by CCK-8 assay and could be used in cell imaging.
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MOLECULES
·
2024
·Vol. 29
·期 6
·1335
·
IF 4.2
Zongyi Su,Wei Chen,Shanshan Liang,Hao Fang,Minglu Zhang,Meng Wang,Lingna Zheng,Bing Wang,Yi Bi,Weiyue Feng
Understanding the final fate of nanomaterials (NMs) in the liver is crucial for their safer application. As a representative two-dimensional (2D) soft nanomaterial, graphene oxide (GO) has shown to have high potential for applications in the biomedical field, including in biosensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, therapeutics, etc. GO has been shown to accumulate in the liver after entering the body, and thus, understanding the GO–liver interaction will facilitate the development of safer bio-applications. In this study, the hepatic clearance of two types of PEGylated GOs with different lateral sizes (s-GOs: ~70 nm andl-GOs: ~300 nm) was carefully investigated. We found that GO sheets across the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium, which then may be taken up by the hepatocytes via the Disse space. The hepatocytes may degrade GO into dot-like particles, which may be excreted via the hepatobiliary route. In combination with ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS, and synchrotron radiation FTIR techniques, we found that mores-GO sheets in the liver were prone to be cleared via hepatobiliary excretion thanl-GO sheets. A Raman imaging analysis of ID/IGratios further indicated that boths-GO andl-GO generated more defects in the liver. The liver microsomes may contribute to GO biotransformation into O-containing functional groups, which plays an important role in GO degradation and excretion. In particular, more small-sized GO sheets in the liver were more likely to be cleared via hepatobiliary excretion thanl-GO sheets, and a greater clearance ofs-GO will mitigate their hepatotoxicity. These results provide a better understanding of the hepatic clearance of soft NMs, which is important in the safer-by-design of GO.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2024
·Vol. 191
·期 10
·1-11
·
IF 5.3
Gu Yingqiu,Fang Puhao,Chen Yu,Xie Tianhua,Yang Guohai,Qu Lulu
A miniature multi-channel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is constructed to achieve rapid delivery of polluted water and specific identification of multiple components. Hg 2+ , organic pollutants, and sodium nitrite are successfully identified by the multi-channel SERS sensor using Cy5, cyclodextrin, and urea in the corresponding detection area. This multi-channel sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity and specificity, with detection limits of 3.2 × 10 −10 M for Hg 2+ , 1.0 × 10 −8 M for aniline, 6.9 × 10 −9 M for diphenylamine, 9.1 × 10 −8 M for PCB-77, and 7.5 × 10 −9 M for pyrene, and 5.0 × 10 −7 M for sodium nitrite. Compared with traditional analysis techniques, this method exhibited excellent recovery for the water pollutants ranging from 82.1 to 115.8%. The PDMS-based microchannel allows for simultaneous and rapid identification of multiple environmental pollutants, offering a portable detection method for emergency testing of environmental pollutants and routine determination of water pollutants. Graphical Abstract
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MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Jingxin Sun,Zhehao Jin,Yong Jin,Haidan Yuan,Guangyu Jin,Jishan Quan
The morbidity and mortality rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are high and continue to increase. The antitumor effects of single therapies are limited because of tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance, and the lack of real-time monitoring of tumor progression during the treatment process leads to poor therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, novel nanodelivery platforms combining tumor therapy and diagnosis have garnered extensive attention. In this study, we developed a multifunctional nanodelivery vector, LPSD-DOX/siRNA, which was loaded with oleic acid-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (OA-SPION) and the antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX), further modified by DOTAP to carry small interfering RNA targeting phosphatidylinositol proteoglycan-3 (Glypican-3, GPC3) (siRNA-GPC3). These components were utilized for the combined treatment of HCC and tumor monitoring with magnetic resonance imaging. LPSD-DOX/siRNA exhibited high drug loading, high gene transfection efficiency, and low toxicity. Pharmacokinetic and in vivo distribution experiments showed that LPSD-DOX/siRNA significantly prolonged the circulation time of DOX and enhanced drug accumulation at the tumor site. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that LPSD-DOX/siRNA can serve as a T2 imaging contrast agent to enhance the imaging contrast between the tumor site and other tissues and facilitate the imaging monitoring of tumor tissues. Antitumor experiments revealed that the effects of DOX were promoted by inhibiting the expression of GPC3 protein in HepG2 cell-transplanted tumors, with increased tumor apoptosis. In conclusion, LPSD-DOX/siRNA serves as a promising strategy for combination therapy and monitoring of HCC, with significant potential in antitumor therapy.
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TALANTA
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Gao-feng Wu,Jian Zhu,Guo-jun Weng,Hao-yu Cai,Jian-jun Li,Jun-wu Zhao
The development of an ultra-sensitive detection method for carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is very important for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. In this work, we developed a new strategy to achieve a variety of Au–Ag hybrid nanoparticles from janus to core-satellite which is controlled by the volume of AgNO 3 and the concentration of benzimidazolecarboxylic acid (MBIA). With the volume of AgNO 3 increased, Au–Ag hybrid nanoparticles changed from janus to core-satellite and the characteristic absorption peak showed two opposite trends. The size and number of Ag islands were determined by the concentration of MBIA. Au–Ag core-satellites nanoparticles with a large number of small-sized Ag have the highest SERS intensity. Then we used them as SERS nanotags and Au-Polystyrene nanospheres modified by captured anti-CA19-9 antibody as solid substrates to realize the ultra-sensitive detection of CA19-9 with a low limit of detection of 1.25 × 10 −6 IU/mL and a wide linear range of 1.00 × 10 −5 -1.00 × 10 4 IU/mL. This work not only demonstrates that MBIA and AgNO 3 were the key factors in the growth of Au–Ag hybrid nanoparticles from 2D to 3D structure but also supplies an ultra-sensitive detection method for CA19-9 which has a potential practicability in the clinical early diagnoses of pancreatic cancer.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Jiayu Xie,Xuran Jin,Hong Cheng,Wei Chen,Wancheng Yu,Linlin Wang
Glycerol has been proved to be an effective plasticizer for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which can significantly increase PVA’s processability and ductility, whose molecular origin remains unclear. In current study, the physical structure and chain dynamics of polyol plasticized PVA were studied in detail, including ethylene glycol , glycerol, erythritol , xylitol , and sorbitol under the same addition level. The glycerol plasticized PVA exhibits the most significant reduction in Young’s modulus, enhanced superior toughness, and the lowest melting temperature (195 °C) as compared with other polyols. The molecular mechanism was elucidated through comprehensive analysis, with a particular focus on solid state NMR (SS NMR) results. The physical structure was first elucidated by the Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS). The crystallinity of the glycerol plasticized PVA was the lowest 29 % by WAXS and the thickness of the amorphous layer was the largest 7.76 nm by SAXS among different plasticized PVA films. This suggests the significant influence of glycerol on structure change of PVA. The molecular dynamics information was further accessed by Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF NMR), where two key features are obtained: i) Different dynamics dimensionality. The 1 H spin diffusion NMR was used to check the dimensionality from the aspect of chain dynamics. Compared with other plasticizers, LF NMR result shows that glycerol plasticized PVA has a two-dimensional (2D) structure; ii) Chain dynamics heterogeneity in the interphase . With respect to the chain dynamics heterogeneity in the interphase, the glycerol plasticized PVA shows the most heterogeneous dynamics, with the lowest ratio of the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) of 0.507 in the interphase. Current study provides a versatile analytical strategy to quantify the plasticizing effect.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2025
·
IF 5.4
Han Bao,Xianhai Liu,Yan Xue,Jinfeng Dong,Xuefeng Li
In this work, block copolymers poly(N-(2-methacryloylxyethyl) ethyl pyrrolidone)- block -poly(4-(formaldehyde) phenyl methacrylate) (PNMP 72 - b -PBFMA m ) were synthesized as aldehyde precursors D m . Based on the mixtures of aldehyde precursors D m and different amino precursors A including alkylamine (HC n A , n represents the carbon number), 1, ω-alkyl diamine (HC n DA) and perfluoroalkylamine (FC n A) at the constant -NH 2 /-CHO molar ratio of 1, three kinds of dynamic covalent imine copolymer amphiphiles D m -HC n A, D m -HC n DA and D m -FC n A were generated in water in situ, respectively, attributing to the formed imine bonds between the aldehyde and amino precursors. D m -HC n As commonly form spherical micelles as well as D m themselves. Instead, D m -HC n DAs prefer to form squiggly threadlike micelles composed of randomly connected and fused spherical micelles. For D m -HC n As and D m -HC n DAs both m and n affect the micellar morphologies slightly, however, showing remarkable effect on D m -FC n A micelles. Specifically, D 3 -FC n As tend to form spherical micelles. D 13 -FC n As and D 24 -FC n As tend to form cylindrical micelles, and the micellar length becomes elongate at the larger m or n as well as classic copolymer amphiphiles. These dynamic covalent imine copolymer micelles are all excellent Pickering emulsifies, which commonly favor O/W Pickering emulsions as evidenced by the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) method. However, D m -HC n As with larger n , i.e. , D 13 -HC 16 A and D 24 -HC 16 A, also behave diversified emulsification that W/O/W or even W/O emulsions might be generated at the higher emulsification shear rates. It was found that the strong hydrophobicity and good compatibility with oil of them were the main cause.
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）