TISSUE & CELL
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2025
·
IF 2.5
Guixiang Zeng,Jingjing Lian,Jiajia Shen,Yuan Shi
Objective The Klotho protein is associated with various aging-related diseases. Previous studies have shown that Klotho expression is reduced in placental and cord blood samples from growth-restricted fetuses, but the underlying mechanisms affecting fetal development remain unclear. This study investigates the effects of Klotho protein on the human placental choriocarcinoma cell line (JEG-3) and explores the mechanisms involved. Methods The JEG-3 cell line, which retains characteristics of trophoblast cells, is widely used to study pregnancy-related pathologies. Placental trophoblast cells act as “multifunctional hubs” at the maternal-fetal interface, performing transportation, endocrine regulation, and immune modulation. The GH/IGF-1 pathway plays a crucial role in embryonic growth and immune tolerance, and its abnormal activation is linked to preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. To investigate the impacts of Klotho protein on the functional characteristics of JEG-3 cells, we designed two experimental setups concentrating on the low expression and high expression of Klotho protein. The research examined the expression levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in JEG-3 cells, along with changes in multiple cellular functions, under these two experimental conditions. Results qPCR and flow cytometry analyses showed that in the Klotho low - expression (KL -) tests, the levels of IGF - 1 mRNA in the KL - group were significantly elevated (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), while the levels of GH mRNA were significantly reduced (P < 0.001, P < 0.0001). The cell scratch test demonstrated that the cell migration capacity in the KL - group was improved (P < 0.05). The Cell Counting Kit - 8 (CCK8) test verified an increase in cell viability (P < 0.0001). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection showed a significant rise in ROS levels (P < < 0.001). The glucose uptake experiment indicated a decrease in glucose uptake in the KL - group (P < 0.0001). The human recombinant Klotho protein was over - expressed in the JEG - 3 cell line. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and flow cytometry analyses disclosed that in the rKL + group, the levels of IGF - 1 were lowered and the levels of GH were raised (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). The cell scratch test showed that the cell migration rate in the rKL + group was diminished (P < 0.01). The CCK8 test confirmed a decrease in cell viability (P < 0.0001). The ROS detection indicated a significant decrease in ROS levels (P < 0.05). The glucose uptake experiment showed a increase in glucose uptake (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Klotho protein affects the expression of GH and IGF-1 in JEG-3 cells, leading to the dysfunction of GH/IGF-1 axis, which subsequently impacts the proliferation, migration, anti-inflammatory response, and glucose metabolism of placental trophoblast cells, ultimately affecting placental function and fetal intrauterine development. Summary sentence Reduced Klotho protein expression in JEG-3 cells leads to increased IGF-1, decreased GH, enhanced cell proliferation and migration, elevated inflammatory responses, and metabolic imbalances, potentially contributing to placental dysfunction in growth-restricted fetuses.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2025
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IF 12.5
Hanzhong Guo,Dou Wang,Lifan Zhu,Yongcheng Li,Guanghua Xia,Xueying Zhang
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are auxiliary redox enzymes crucial for the bioconversion of crystalline polysaccharides. This study presents the structural and functional characterization of a novel AA10 family LPMO, designated Ma LPMO10C, derived from Micromonospora aurantiaca . Recombinant Ma LPMO10C exhibited C1-specific oxidative cleavage activity against α -chitin and β -chitin. Notably, Ma LPMO10C displayed strong synergistic effects with its cognate chitinase Ma Chi1 through a sequential reaction, achieving 3.4– and 1.5–fold enhancements in the conversion efficiencies of α -chitin and β -chitin, respectively, compared with Ma Chi1 alone. Structural and physicochemical analyses revealed that Ma LPMO10C pretreatment enhances chitinase accessibility to the substrate by increasing amorphous regions, reducing crystallinity, and lowering the polymerization degree of chitin. When Ma LPMO10C pretreatment (1.50 U/mL, 24 h) was combined with Ma Chi1 hydrolysis (1.50 U/mL, 36 h), remarkable conversion yields of 67.5 % for α -chitin and 100 % for β -chitin to (GlcNAc) 2 and GlcNAc were achieved. The high catalytic efficiency and robust synergistic performance of Ma LPMO10C make it a promising biocatalyst for industrial-scale chitin processing.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Chenchen Qin,Bianjing Sun,Xinyu Chen,Du Ping,Wuxin Bai,Lin Shi,Ahsan Nazir,Chuntao Chen,Dongping Sun
A novel graft copolymer BC-g-PCL was synthesized and characterized by integrating bacterial cellulose (BC) with polycaprolactone (PCL) to improve mechanical performance and sustainability. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that hydrogen bonding is crucial for improving the strength and toughness of the material, with temperature fluctuations affecting the interactions of the polymer chains. The BC-g-PCL exhibits notable water plasticity and solvent responsiveness, enabling reversible transitions between dry and wet states due to the high surface wettability from exposed hydroxyl groups. Mechanical testing demonstrates that BC-g-PCL retains excellent ductility and strength across varying humidity conditions due to the dynamic formation of hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, recyclability and biodegradability assessments indicate substantial stability against organic solvents and successful regeneration via N , N -dimethylacetamide (DMAC)/lithium chloride (LiCl) dissolution, while maintaining robust mechanical properties even after multiple recycling cycles. These results make BC-g-PCL a promising eco-friendly alternative to traditional plastics, highlighting its potential for advanced functional materials and sustainable engineering applications derived from biological resources.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Ning-Ya Wang,Yi-Hong Liu,Xiao-Jie Jiang,Hui-Li Guo,Li-Xiao Wang,Bei-Bei Li,Xue Liu,Xiao-Bo Zheng,Jing-Yu Pang,Dong-Bin Dang,Yan Bai
The catalytic activity of single-atom catalysts (SACs) is strongly influenced by their local coordination environment. In this study, a series of Mn-N-C SACs with tunable coordination structures were synthesized via pyrolysis of Mn-doped metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) at different temperatures. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS) confirmed the atomic dispersion of Mn and the formation of Mn-N 4 moieties as the active sites. Among the catalysts, Mn-NC-1000°C with high Pyridine-N content exhibited the best performance, achieving a maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 94.9% for CO at –0.47 V vs. RHE in an H-type cell, along with a current density of ∼15 mA . cm −2 . And in a flow cell, the current density increased significantly to ∼100 mA . cm −2 while maintaining high CO selectivity (FE CO =95%) and operational stability (24 h). The density functional theory (DFT) studies further reveal that the Mn-NC-1000°C with high Pyridine-N content effectively reduces the reaction barriers for the formation of *COOH and thus accelerates the reduction of CO 2 .This work provides a controllable strategy for regulating the coordination microenvironment of SACs and offers valuable insights for the development of efficient CO 2 electroreduction system.
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Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 21
·3608
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IF 5.1
Ruiting Li,Zhijie Peng,Sitong Yao,Jialing Huang,Yaxing Wei,Yanfen Cheng,Lijing Xu,Ludan Hou,Junlong Meng,Mingchang Chang,Xueran Geng
To improve the processing performance and application potential ofGrifola frondosaprotein (GFP), this study employed multiple freeze–thaw (F-T) cycles to modify GFP and systematically evaluated the changes in its structure, functional properties, and digestive behavior. The results indicated that F-T treatment induced significant oxidation and structural unfolding in GFP, as evidenced by an increase in carbonyl content from 0.75 ± 0.05 nmol/mg to 1.77 ± 0.04 nmol/mg, a decrease in α-helix content from 40.23% to 36.78%, disruption of the microstructure, and degradation of some low-molecular-weight proteins. In terms of functional properties, F-T treatment significantly enhanced the emulsifying performance of GFP, with the best effect observed after 3 F-T cycles. Emulsifying ability increased from 21.83 ± 1.14 m2/g to 26.11 ± 1.61 m2/g, and emulsifying stability improved from 18.36 ± 1.78% to 25.37 ± 0.84%. This was accompanied by favorable changes in the emulsion’s interfacial properties, including a reduction in average particle size (480.5 ± 30.5 nm) and an increase in absolute ζ-potential (−55.5 ± 0.2 mV). These changes were closely related to the dynamic evolution of free sulfhydryl groups and surface hydrophobicity. In vitro digestion experiments revealed that the protein digestibility and soluble peptide content of GFP peaked after two F-T treatments, reaching 64.88 ± 0.86% and 1.99 ± 0.09118 mg/mL, respectively, and then gradually declined; its antioxidant activity also showed an initial increase followed by a decrease with increasing F-T cycles. In summary, an appropriate number of F-T treatments can effectively enhance the emulsifying properties and digestive characteristics of GFP; this research provides a theoretical basis for the physical modification of GFP and broadens its potential applications in food emulsion products.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2025
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IF 4.3
Qiang Liu,Yan-Jiang Liu,Hao-Tian Tong,Shi-Xiao Wei,Ting-Liang Xie,Shuang-Feng Yin
Co-free manganese-based Prussian blue analogues (Mn-PBAs) have emerged as exceptionally promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), offering low cost and high specific capacity. However, the detrimental Jahn-Teller effect, compounded by sluggish Na + diffusion kinetics and inherently poor electrical conductivity, severely undermines structural stability and cycling performance. Herein, we pioneer a novel Co-free entropy regulation strategy to overcome these formidable challenges. Four distinct Co-free PBAs with precisely controlled (configuration entropy (Δ S conf ) were meticulously synthesized via a straightforward co-precipitation method. Comprehensive electrochemical diagnostics combined with rigorous density functional theory (DFT) simulations unequivocally reveal that elevating Δ S conf demonstrably accelerates Na + diffusion, significantly enhances electrical conductivity, and effectively suppresses Jahn-Teller distortion. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ Raman spectroscopy analyses vividly characterized the structural transitions occurring during sodiation/desodiation, demonstrating markedly improved structural reversibility with increasing Δ S conf . Consequently, the Co-free high-entropy (HE) PBA cathode delivers truly remarkable cycling stability, (retaining 62.3 % capacity after an astounding 10 000 cycles at 5 000 mA g −1 , alongside exceptional rate capability of 75.1 mAh g −1 at 5 000 mA g −1 ). These groundbreaking findings provide profound insight for designing future high-performance cathode materials from abundant, environmentally friendly elements for next-generation SIBs.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Hao Ding,Ruijuan Wang,Lei Wu,Li Xie,Wenhao Song,Ming Lei,Shuang Cao,Qiliang Wei,Xianyou Wang
Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides (LRMOs) with high specific capacity and elevated working voltage, are regarded as promising candidates for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, LRMOs still face serious challenges, e.g., voltage decay, subpar rate performance, and subpar cycling performance. These issues significantly limit their electrochemical performance and practical application. Currently, a lot of endeavors are being dedicated to handling the above problems. Herein, we propose a simple dual-interface modification method, which involves treating the surface of the Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides with a specific concentration of NH 4 H 2 PO 4 solution to produce Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 @spinel@Li 3 PO 4 . The findings indicate that the surface coating layer of Li 3 PO 4 not only functions to safeguard the material against electrolyte corrosion but also facilitates an enhanced diffusion rate of Li + to a certain degree. Furthermore, oxygen vacancies are created on the surface as a result of the reduction of NH3 produced by the breakdown of NH 4 H 2 PO 4 . This phenomenon subsequently facilitates the dissolution of transition metal (TM) ions to form a local spinel layer. The spinel layer can reduce phase distortion, create a 3D diffusion path for Li + transmission, inhibit oxygen over-oxidation, and enhance dynamic stability. Therefore, the LRMO treated with NH₄H₂PO₄ delivers an exceptionally high first-discharge capacity of 301.59 mAh g⁻¹ and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 93.13 %, compared with 278.47 mAh g⁻¹ and 80.68 % for pristine LRMO. After 100 cycles at 1 C, the treated material retains 90.47 % of initial capacity, whereas the untreated counterpart retains only 73.62 %. The material also shows minimal voltage decay, measured at only 3.025 mV per cycle, and possesses favorable rate capability, achieving up to 157.88 mAh g⁻¹ at a rate of 5C. Clearly, this dual-interface modification approach provides crucial technical insights that are vital for the advancement and high-performance industrialization LRMO.
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CARBON
·
2025
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IF 11.6
Yiyang Wang,Menghan Zhang,Lingling Huang,Yue Tang,Shanshan Liu,Jiexing Liu,Yao Wang,Shaohuang Weng,Xiaofeng Zhu
Dental caries is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in humans, primarily caused by Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ) and the biofilms formed on tooth surfaces. Efficient and easily implementable preventive strategies for dental caries are still needed. In this study, we synthesized guanidination carbon dots (HG-CDs) bearing guanidine and quaternary ammonium groups via a melting strategy. The HG-CDs, with an average particle size of ∼3 nm and a positive zeta potential of +11.8 mV, exhibited strong binding and deep penetration into S. mutans biofilms, leading to significant inhibition of biofilm growth, with biofilm biomass reduced by approximately 90 %, and inducing bacterial lysis. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that HG-CDs markedly downregulated key carbohydrate metabolism genes ( gbpB , the gtf family, and ftf ), thereby blocking exopolysaccharide synthesis and preventing biofilm reconstruction. In ex vivo tooth model, HG-CDs effectively eradicated established biofilms. In vivo , similar to that of CHX treatment, HG-CDs delivered via a mouthwash approach significantly reduced the incidence of early and moderate pit-and-fissure caries in molars, while HG-CDs treatment notably delayed lesion progression. Collectively, HG-CDs integrate efficient antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anticaries capabilities, paving a practical path for developing an advanced oral care formulations and holding significant translational promise for intervening in oral infectious diseases especially for dental caries.
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BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
·
2025
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IF 3.6
Li ChenQi,Miao Gen,Shi Wenjing,Gu Yangjuan,Li Weiwei,Cai Mengyu,Qu Yicui,Tang Yuxiao,Lu Hongtao,Li Hongxia,Shen Hui
The neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of depression. Microglia serve as the principal source of neuroinflammatory factors and regulate neuroinflammation via M1 and M2 polarization phenotypes. Moreover, NOD like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway is considered to be important in regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the hippocampus. Zinc supplementation has been shown to effectively alleviate depressive symptoms in patients. In this study, we utilized a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model of depression and LPS-activated BV-2 cells to examine the impact of zinc supplementation. The findings indicated that zinc supplementation could: (1) ameliorate the depressive-like behaviors of the mouse model with inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and zinc homeostasis recovery. (2) induce the polarization of microglia towards the M2 phenotype in vivo and in vitro. (3) suppress the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by impeding the expression of P2X purinergic receptor 7 (P2 × 7) induced by LPS, thereby regulating microglial polarization. This may represent a crucial pathway via which zinc inhibits the M1 polarization of microglia, promotes polarization towards the M2 phenotype, thus improving neuroinflammation and exerting an antidepressant effect.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2025
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IF 12.5
Wenjie Shi,Taotao Li,Xin Guo,Xulin Jiang
Neuropathic pain caused by neurological lesions seriously affects patients' quality of life. To overcome this clinical challenge, we developed a microneedle patch based on thermosensitive hydroxypropyl chitin (HPCH) for transdermal delivery of ropivacaine (Rop) with adjuvant dexmedetomidine (DEX) to enhance and prolong analgesic efficacy. Neither organic solvents nor crosslinking agents were used in the whole drug-loaded microneedle fabrication process, being “green” and eco-friendly avoiding safety concerns. This dual-drug-loaded microneedle patch (Rop/DEX@HPCH) exhibited sufficient mechanical strength (≥0.5 N per needle) for stable skin penetration, showing a slower drug release up to 72 h at physiological temperature based on real time and simultaneous tracking of both fluorescent model drug and fluorescein-labeled HPCH carrier in vitro and in vivo. The Rop/DEX@HPCH patch provided significant, prolonged and consistent relief of neuropathic pain without affecting motor function in a spared nerve injury rat model, lasting up to 48 h (6 times longer as the Rop/DEX injection control group) after single application. Moreover, once-daily administration for one week indicated that Rop/DEX@HPCH patch could effectively and stably alleviate neuropathic pain without negative effect on the health of the rats, showing great potential for long-term, minimally invasive and painless management of neuropathic pain.
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PHYTOMEDICINE
·
2025
·
IF 8.3
Kaili Liu,Jianli Li,Zhiwei Sun,Yuheng Sun,Xuerui Zhang,Yang Sui,Zhongyuan Qu,Xiang Zou
Background Chelidonium majus L., a traditional herbal medicine listed in the Pharmacopoeia of China (2025), has remarkable anticancer properties. Chelidonine (CHE), its primary bioactive alkaloid, can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer (BC) cells; however, whether its antitumor effect in BC is mediated through regulating M2 macrophage polarization remains unexplored. Purpose To investigate the effect of CHE on M2 macrophage polarization in BC and to identify key molecular targets and pathways involved in its immunomodulatory effects. Methods The effect of CHE on tumour progression was evaluated in vivo using a 4T1 BC mouse model. In addition, the effects of CHE on M2 macrophage polarization were investigated both in vitro and in vivo via immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Coculture assays were conducted to elucidate the mechanism by which CHE exerts antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects through the inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization. An integrated analysis of network pharmacology, single-cell, and bulk RNA-seq data was performed to identify potential molecular targets of CHE in the suppression of M2 macrophage polarization. Molecular docking, Western blotting, and ELISA were utilized for target validation to elucidate the roles in M2 macrophage polarization. Results CHE effectively impeded tumour progression in BC mice. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that CHE significantly inhibited M2 macrophage polarization, as evidenced by the altered expression of key polarization markers, including CD86, CD206, Arg-1, and CD11c. Under coculture conditions, CHE disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential and compromised membrane integrity in BC cells, triggering pyroptosis via activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling axis. Additionally, CHE attenuated the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, thus reducing the migratory and invasive capacities of BC cells. An integrated analysis of network pharmacology, single-cell, and bulk RNA sequencing data revealed FBP1 as a potential molecular target through which CHE suppresses M2 macrophage polarization. Molecular docking studies revealed a relatively strong binding affinity between CHE and FBP1. Experimental validation further confirmed that CHE downregulated the expression of FBP1 and its downstream target p-STAT3 in macrophages, thereby inhibiting M2 polarization. Conclusions CHE might suppress M2 polarization and tumour progression by targeting FBP1. These findings highlight its potential as a therapeutic agent in immunotherapy and BC treatment.
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Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 20
·3577
·
IF 5.1
Jingshu Chen,Yiming Jia,Huizi Chensheng,Lu Feng,Yawen Li,Tiantian Jian,Xue Han,Xiyue Niu,Qian Xu
Selenium, a crucial trace element, has garnered significant attention in functional food development due to its effective conversion into organic forms. This study systematically investigated the selenium enrichment potential and metabolic regulation mechanisms of 50 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from Xinjiang. Through sodium selenite tolerance tests, eight core strains with over 80% selenium enrichment were selected, with optimal enrichment conditions being a 37 °C temperature, 2% sodium chloride concentration, and pH of 6.0 in MRS medium. Functional tests demonstrated that selenium-enriched strains exhibited a significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity (demonstrated by DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities) and improved gastrointestinal fluid tolerance, with strain No.41 showing the most outstanding performance. Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) revealed nanoscale selenium (1.34 keV) on cell surfaces. Further characterization showed that 68.94% of selenium was incorporated into selenoproteins, 7.61% into nucleic acids, and 7.02% into polysaccharides. Integrated metabolomic and proteomic studies have shown that selenium reduces the content of L-cysteine primarily by replacing sulfur and competing for key sites in cysteine-S-conjugate-β-lyase, S-adenosyl-L-cysteine hydrolase, and homocysteine synthase, ultimately leading to the synthesis of selenocysteine and selenomethionine. A correlation analysis between differential metabolites and proteins revealed selenium’s significant impacts on the metabolic networks of LAB, antioxidant mechanisms, energy metabolism, and membrane stability. This research provides new insights for developing selenium-enriched probiotics for functional dairy products and health supplements.
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