Science China-Technological Sciences
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2025
·Vol. 68
·期 11
·1-13
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IF 4.9
Li Xueyang,Zhang Junqiu,Shi Zijian,Wu Jiachao,Zhang Xueping,Niu Shichao,Li Bo,Song Honglie,Mu Zhengzhi,Wang Ze,Sun Tao,Han Zhiwu,Ren Luquan
Direction recognition capability is essential for intelligent systems to interact with the physical environment. However, current sensor systems often suffer from poor stability and response delays due to their complex circuit designs or multi-signal fusion algorithms. Inspired by the trichobothria on the tarsi of water striders, this study develops a bioinspired single-circuit multidirectional sensor (BSMS). By introducing an asymmetric mechanical structure with 20° directional tilt and 1/2-radius radial eccentricity, the design overcomes the axisymmetric limitations of conventional cantilever beams. By integrating a “wire-dot” heterodimensional composite conductive system, this approach achieves the resolution of multidirectional mechanical stimuli within a single sensing unit. The BSMS features an ingenious physical architecture that enables directional recognition using only a simple output circuit. The BSMS eliminates the need for multi-signal fusion algorithms while demonstrating outstanding overall performance. Its four-directional output signals exhibit 50% discrimination, along with excellent sensitivity across a wide range of 73.79–226.77 N −1 . Moreover, the BSMS shows ultra-high response consistency (>98%) and rapid dynamic response (277.35%/s response rate and 89.47%/s recovery rate). Additionally, its stability is confirmed through 100-cycle testing. Inspired by the remarkable aquatic adaptability of water striders, we applied the BSMS to obstacle detection and directional recognition for remotely operated vessels. When integrated with deep learning algorithms, the BSMS achieved over 99% accuracy in both texture identification and directional sensing. This system offers a promising solution for autonomous obstacle avoidance, precision cargo delivery, and multi-vessel coordination in complex aquatic environments. It demonstrates potential for broader applications in flexible electronics and intelligent systems.
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Science China-Technological Sciences
·
2025
·Vol. 68
·期 11
·1-13
·
IF 4.9
Zhang Jing,Ma Yulong,Cheng Zian,Huang Zhengkai,Feng Rui,Shan Chao,Chen Zhicai,Guo Shengbin,Zhang Weiming,Pan Bingcai
The utilization efficiency (UE) of ozone plays a decisive role in the operating cost of wastewater ozonation. However, it remains obscure which engineering factors (including reactor design parameters and operating conditions) actually govern the UE of ozone, especially during practical wastewater treatment and in scaled-up reactors. Herein, we proposed the definitions of generalized UE (GUE) and narrowly-defined UE (NUE) with emphasis on the overall ozone consumption and the specific utilization of ozone in chemical oxygen demand removal, respectively, and thereby methodically evaluated the effects of various engineering factors on GUE and NUE of ozone during wastewater ozonation in bubble column reactors from bench to pilot scales. Single factor analysis shows that increasing superficial gas velocity ( U sg , i.e., normalized gas flow rate) significantly inhibits both GUE and NUE, while the increase of mass transfer height ( h ) and column diameter promotes GUE, whereas it has no significant effect on NUE. Increasing gaseous ozone concentration exhibits a negligible impact on GUE but an adverse influence on NUE. Furthermore, the joint effects of every two factors on GUE and NUE were elucidated through response surface methodology analysis, wherein GUE was found to be effectively modulated via adjusting h and U sg under a binary restriction condition of h < 1875 U sg . More importantly, a series of multi-factor regression models were successfully established to predict the NUE of ozone at bench scale and for GUE across bench and pilot scales, respectively. This study is of techno-economic significance in promoting ozone utilization for efficient wastewater treatment via illuminating the rational design of the bubble column reactor and operating conditions.
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RSC Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 48
·40574-40580
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IF 4.6
Jing Dong,Dengyu Yu,Di Gu,Lingyue Zhu,Meng Wang,Dandan Yuan,Hong Jiang,Baohui Wang
Graphene possesses an intrinsic electronic structure and electrochemical properties that theoretically compensate for the low conductivity and poor stability of ferrate(VI) salts. A graphene coating strategy is proposed to replace graphite conductive additives, intrinsically enhancing both the conductivity and stability of potassium ferrate(VI) for battery applications. The intrinsic modification of ferrates using graphene or graphene oxide (GO) yields materials termed graphene-modified ferrates or GO-modified ferrates. Graphene's exceptional electrical conductivity significantly improves the electrical properties of ferrate(VI) battery materials. Carbon atoms in graphene provide lone-pair electrons that coordinate with ferrates, forming an electron-coordination composite structure. This interaction alleviates the electron deficiency associated with iron(VI) in these materials, facilitating improved charge transfer and contributing to enhanced overall battery performance. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrate that the hydrolysis stability of coated potassium ferrate is significantly influenced by both the coating type and the applied heat treatment. Notably, the graphene-modified ferrate(VI) battery exhibits an extended discharge duration, characterized by a prolonged time for the voltage to decrease to 0.7 V, achieving a discharge efficiency of 49%. Furthermore, the graphene coating optimizes charge transfer, culminating in a discharge efficiency of up to 82%. These findings provide robust evidence for advancing electrode materials in super-iron battery applications.
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Nanoscale
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Xin Zhao,Ling Niu,Yuchen Jin,Di Wu,Zheng Sun,Zhiqiang Su
Interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) offers a sustainable and low-carbon pathway to mitigate global freshwater scarcity. However, the widespread adoption of conventional evaporators is limited by issues such as high cost, low efficiency, salt crystallization, and heavy metal contamination. To overcome these challenges, we developed a composite aerogel, denoted as CNF/PVA/PEI@polypyrrole (CPP). This material was fabricated by first constructing an aerogel substrate from cellulose nanofiber (CNF), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyethylenimine (PEI), followed by in-situ polymerization of polypyrrole. The resulting CPP aerogel possesses abundant hydrophilic groups, vertically aligned channels, and a hierarchical porous structure, endowing it with excellent compressibility, a high light absorption of 93.0%, and efficient photothermal conversion. Under 1 sun irradiation, the evaporator achieved a rate of 1.85 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹. It also demonstrated remarkable salt resistance, maintaining a rate of 1.50 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹ in 20 wt% high-salinity brine. Furthermore, the CPP aerogel effectively removed ions from seawater and purified wastewater contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants. This work provides a new strategy for designing high-performance solar evaporators with promising applications in desalination and complex wastewater remediation.
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BMC Chemistry
·
2025
·Vol. 19
·期 1
·1-15
·
IF 4.6
Lei Ying,Bao Qijing,Lin Feng,Zhang Jian,Zhang Yanji,Wu Yuechao,Lv Liang,Ding Liyong
Graphite carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has emerged as a promising photocatalyst for visible-light-driven applications due to its suitable band structure. However, the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in bulk g-C 3 N 4 significantly hinders its photocatalytic efficiency. In this study, we report the fabrication of a ternary g-C 3 N 4 /MoS 2 /rGO (CMG) nanocomposite via in situ photoreduction-induced exfoliation. The introduction of MoS 2 and rGO not only facilitates the exfoliation of g-C 3 N 4 into ultrathin nanosheet, thereby exposing more active sites, but also enables the formation of tightly coupled heterojunctions that promote charge separation and transfer. Photoluminescence (PL) analyses confirm the suppressed recombination of charge carriers, indicative of enhanced charge dynamics within the heterojunction between MoS 2 , rGO and g-C 3 N 4 . Among the synthesized materials, the optimized CMG-175 composite exhibits remarkable photocatalytic activity, achieving a 95.7% degradation rate of Rhodamine B (RhB) within 30 min under visible light irradiation, which is 23.6-fold enhancement compared to pristine g-C 3 N 4 . Mechanistic studies reveal that photogenerated holes and superoxide radicals are the predominant reactive species driving the degradation process. This work highlights a rational design strategy for constructing high-performance g-C 3 N 4 -based heterojunction photocatalysts and provides valuable insight into the synergistic interactions among MoS 2 , rGO, and g-C 3 N 4 for efficient organic pollutant removal.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Hailing Yang,Ji Zou,Neng Zhang,Lin Li,Jingjing Liu,Habin Ma,Weichao Bao,Wei Ji,Weiming Wang,Zhengyi Fu
High entropy transition metal diborides (HEB) have garnered significant attentions in various fields due to their excellent thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) properties. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying their EMA enhancement remains incompletely understood. In this study, (Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta)B2 powder, a baseline material for HEB, was synthesized through a sol-gel method using inorganic salts as metal sources. By systematically varying the synthesis temperature (1400℃, 1650℃, and 1800℃, designated as MB14, MB16, and MB18, respectively), HEB powders with varied degrees of solid solution were successfully prepared. Compared to ZrB2, the impedance matching and reflection loss (RL) of MB14 had slightly improved due to the element solid solution and the presence of the byproduct hexagonal BN which encapsulated diboride powders. MB18 achieved the minimum RL value of -34.79 dB at 17.84 GHz and 3.8 mm, and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) 1.12 GHz. As the synthesis temperature increased, the lattice distortion caused by multi-principal elements became more pronounced, which not only regulated impedance matching by reducing the dielectric constant but also induced various dielectric loss mechanisms. Therefore, for HEB, processing parameters should be optimized to suppress phase separation, thereby enhancing their EMA performance.
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Emergent Materials
·
2025
·
IF 4.1
Ali Romzan,Amin Ruhul,Khaleque Abdul,Zohra Fatema-Tuj,Aly Saad Aly Mohamed,Khan Zaved H.
Metronidazole (MZ) is a nitroimidazole antibiotic utilized to cure a numerous infection. But metronidazole presents significant health risks for both animals and human, due to its mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic properties. Furthermore, long-term use can lead to severe central nervous system issues. Thus, the concentration level of the drug must be monitored to avoid such health complications, highlighting the significance of developing rapid, accurate, and highly sensitive methods for detecting metronidazole levels. Herein, a polyglutamic acid (PGA) functionalized carbon black nanoparticle (CB NPs), CB NPs/PGA nanocomposite modified electrode-based electrochemical sensor for the quantification of MZ in animal feed is developed. The electrochemical performance of the proposed sensor was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and impedance spectroscopic analysis. The proposed sensor displayed a wide linear range of 500–10 4 nM with a 0.17 µM limit of detection, and 0.35 µM limit of quantification. This is the first to report on the synthesis of CB NPs/PGA nanocomposite and its application for the detection of MZ. The selectivity of the modified electrode to detect MZ while minimizing interference from various ions was assessed, exhibiting remarkable resilience, remaining unaffected even when the interfering ions were present at 100-fold concentrations. Additionally, after two successive weeks of storage, the proposed sensor showed no discernible reduction current (< 1.4%), demonstrating an excellent stability. The developed sensor successfully detected MZ within 2 min in differ animal feeds with recovery rates range of 96–99%. The proposed sensor lays a groundwork in critical domains like food safety regulation, veterinary medicine, and agricultural monitoring. Graphical abstract
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Environmental Science-Processes & Impacts
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Zhe Shen,Kailou Liu,Jiwen Li,Nano Alemu Daba,Md Ashraful Alam,Kiya Adare Tadesse,Tianfu Han,Huimin Zhang
Lime and crop straw are widely applied to mitigate soil acidification and improve soil fertility. However, how different lime materials interact with straw to influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from acidic upland soils remains poorly understood. This study explored how different lime materials and their interaction with straw affect GHG emissions. Here, we conducted incubation experiments with acidic red soil to investigate the individual and combined effects of liming materials, including Ca(OH)2, CaO, and CaCO3, as well as rice straw addition on nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Our findings demonstrated that in the absence of straw, liming increased N2O emission by 20.3% (CaO) to 78.2% (Ca(OH)2). CaCO3 application raised CO2 emissions by 182.7%, while CaO and Ca(OH)2 decreased CO2 emissions by 37.3% and 43.2%, respectively. Adding straw alone enhanced N2O and CO2 emissions by 80.69% and 302.7%, respectively. When combined with straw, liming further increased N2O emissions by 85.0% to 140.1%, with Ca(OH)2 causing the highest emissions. CaCO3 increased CO2 emissions by 37.3% when combined with straw, whereas CaO and Ca(OH)2 reduced CO2 emissions by 31.6% and 32.2%, respectively. Straw addition significantly increased global warming potential (GWP). Applying CaO and Ca(OH)2 decreased GWP, whereas CaCO3 increased it with straw application. Compared to CaCO3, CaO and Ca(OH)2 application resulted in a lower GWP, making them optimal lime materials for reducing acidification and mitigating GHG emissions. Linear regression and partial least squares path (PLS-PM) analyses indicated that soil carbon, nitrogen, and microbial biomass significantly influenced N2O emissions under lime and straw application, while CO2 emissions were unaffected by these soil properties. Both lime and straw addition increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and NH4+–N contents, but decreased NO3−–N content, leading to higher N2O emissions. CO2 emissions were influenced by the chemical reactions of various lime materials in the soil. These findings suggest that selecting appropriate lime materials can significantly mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from acidic soils, contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices.
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Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
·
2025
·
IF 3.2
Zhang Duchao,Fan Shihao,Fan Bing,Jia Xiaoyun,Wang Yongmi,Chen Lin,Liu Weifeng,Xie Zhiping
The industrial process of benzene selective hydrogenation for the preparation of cyclohexene generates spent Ru/ZrO 2 catalysts. Based on the composition of the catalyst, this paper proposes a process of acid leaching to remove Zn, followed by NaHSO 4 ⋅H 2 O roasting and water leaching to remove Zr, and finally employing alkali fusion oxidation distillation for Ru recovery. Firstly, the effects of acid type, liquid–solid ratio, and leaching agent concentration on the leaching ratio of Zn and Ru were investigated. The results showed that acid leaching with 1.0 mol/L H 2 SO 4 and 4:1 liquid–solid ratio resulted in 87.24% and 0.05% Zn and Ru leaching ratios, respectively. Then, the influence of the molar ratio of NaHSO 4 ⋅H 2 O to ZrO 2 , roasting temperature, and roasting time on the leaching ratio of Zr and Ru during the roasting process was investigated. Under the conditions of a 5:1 molar ratio of NaHSO 4 ⋅H 2 O to ZrO 2 , a roasting temperature of 350 °C , and a roasting time of 40 min, the leaching ratios of Zr and Ru were 96.23% and 0.49%, respectively. Finally, the leaching slag was treated with alkali fusion oxidative distillation to recover Ru, with Ru distillation efficiency of more than 97%. Graphical
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NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 2.5
Yanhua Ma,Jialu Wang,Xiangli Li,Yongfeng Qiao
Epoxidation reactions with hydrogen peroxide serving as the oxidant have a crucial position in the realm of organic chemistry. Here in, the five inorganic-organic hybrid compounds ([Mn(Salen-X)]4[SiW12O40], namely 1 X=H, 2 X=Me, 3 X=tBu, 4 X=Cl, 5 X=Br) were employed as catalysts in the epoxidation of cyclohexene, with hydrogen peroxide serving as the oxidant. Cyclohexene exhibited a conversion of 72.0% and a selectivity of 99.3% toward cyclohexene oxide under mild conditions (20 °C) and in a short reaction time (60 min). The results of UV-vis spectroscopy and electrochemical analyses indicated that the Mn(Salen) moiety acts as the catalytic centre, and the [SiW12O40]4−(SiW12) polyanion promotes electron transfer, thereby guaranteeing the stable catalytic activity of the Mn(Salen) moiety. Thorough characterization studies elucidated the mechanism responsible for the catalytic activity of Mn(Salen) and polyoxometalate-based inorganic-organic hybrid materials. This study provides important theoretical foundations and practical experience for the development of more efficient Mn(Salen)-POM-based catalysts for the green epoxidation of cyclohexene, and offers theoretical basis for the development of efficient and environmentally-friendly olefin epoxidation processes..
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NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 3.1
Ge Xinyu,Wu Bozhao,Dou Xiaohui,Sun Mingchen,Wu Ji-ao,Sun Daqing
Background Slow transit constipation (STC) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder. Gastrodin (GAS), a natural compound, has demonstrated protective effects in intestinal contexts; however, its therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action in STC remain largely unexplored. Methods A total of 30 male C57BL/6 mice (6 weeks old) were used in this study. An STC model was established using loperamide. The therapeutic effects of GAS were systematically evaluated by measuring several parameters: stool output (fecal pellet count and moisture content), intestinal transit rate, and colon histopathology. Furthermore, we analyzed serum and colonic levels of inflammatory cytokines, key neurotransmitters, and aquaporins (AQPs). The integrity of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the colon was assessed via immunohistochemistry. Finally, the expression levels of proteins associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were examined. Results GAS administration significantly improved STC symptoms by promoting defecation, enhancing gastrointestinal motility, and ameliorating histopathological damage in the colon. It also markedly attenuated intestinal inflammation, normalized the expression of neurotransmitters and AQPs, and restored the loperamide-induced depletion of ICC networks. Mechanistically, the protective effects of GAS were associated with the suppression of the MAPK signaling pathway, as evidenced by reduced phosphorylation of its key components: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. Conclusion Our findings indicate that GAS possesses significant therapeutic potential for STC by mediating its beneficial effects through the regulation of intestinal inflammation, motility, and water transport, ultimately via the inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.2
Anting Ding,Qibin Yan,Chenchen Zhu,Ming Li,Chuanying Liu,Chengliang Xiao
Precious metals are critical to electronics and catalysis because of exceptional conductivity, corrosion resistance, and unique physicochemical properties. However, the surge in demand driven by the expansion of the electronics and automotive industries has intensified the environmental and economic pressures associated with the accumulation of precious metal waste. Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising strategy for resource recovery; however, its dependence on toxic acetonitrile solvents limits industrial applicability. Here, we present a photocatalytic-assisted solvometallurgical approach employing ethylene glycol-a benign, low-volatility solvent-to achieve complete leaching of precious metals from various industrial waste catalysts within 10 min. Field-scale experiments conducted under solar irradiation processed 125 g of spent catalyst in a single batch, yielding 0.45 g of high-purity palladium (>99%). This approach expands the solvent scope for photocatalysis, eliminates the need for hazardous reagents, and facilitates solar-powered operation, thereby offering a practical and scalable pathway for sustainable precious metal recycling.
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