CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Hongwei Cai,Xiaoxiao Pan,Cong Li,Hao Luo,Menghan Lin,Mingyi Shang,Jiqiong Lian,Yanan Fu,Hongjun Yue,Huixin Chen,Xiaolong Li,Yujin Tong,Mi Lu
A synergistic strategy of alkaline etching and nitrogen lattice occupation is proposed. • The constructed gentle gradient structure achieves dual optimization of the kinetic process and reaction sufficiency. • The F-RG-US/M exhibits 871 mA h g −1 at 0.1C with 87.8% retention at 20C. A higher F/C ratio leads to poor conductivity of the fluorinated carbon (CF x ) material, resulting in slow kinetics of the lithium‑fluorine reaction and thus hindering its application in special fields such as high-power energy storage. By designing and constructing a new type of CF x structure, it is of great significance for improving the rate performance of Li/CF x batteries. Herein, a synergistic strategy of alkaline etching and nitrogen lattice occupation is proposed to construct a CF x material (F-RG-US/M) with a gentle gradient defluorination. NaOH achieves gradient defluorination, forming a gentle step-like gradient structure in the material. This structure provides abundant Li + diffusion pathways while maintaining a reasonable F/C ratio to ensure specific capacity. Urea alters the distribution of electron clouds through nitrogen doping, enhances conductivity, and modulates the chemical environment of adjacent C F bonds. MWCNTs form an elastic conductive network, which further accelerates the transmission of electrons and ions. Consequently, F-RG-US/M exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance, delivering a specific capacity of 765 mA h g −1 with 87.8% capacity retention at a high rate of 20C. This work not only enables a sustainable upgrading and closed-loop recycling route for spent graphite but also provides a viable pathway for the industrial deployment of high-power CF x cathodes. A synergistic strategy of alkaline etching and nitrogen lattice occupation is proposed to construct a CF x material with a gentle gradient defluorination. This approach enables closed-loop recycling of spent graphite and offers a practical route for the large-scale industrial application of power type CF x materials. Download: Download high-res image (169KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Journal of Energy Storage
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2026
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IF 10.7
Xinyu He,Min Du,Wanqing Wu,Dedi Zhou,Yihang Zhao,Haokun Shi,Qinggong Zheng
In recent years, with the development of electric vehicles and electric vessels, the issues of battery thermal safety have garnered significant attention. Composite phase-change materials (CPCMs) hold great potential as passive cooling systems in battery thermal management systems (BTMS), but their high flammability remains an unresolved challenge. This study successfully developed a flexible composite phase-change material, CPCM/P-CSF@rGO, by encapsulating a eutectic phase-change material composed of mannitol and galactitol in a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network, self-polymerised by phosphated corn straw cellulose (P-CSF) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The study demonstrates that the strong hydrogen bonding network formed between the phosphate groups introduced by phosphoric acid modification and rGO constructs highly efficient thermal conduction pathways, achieving a thermal conductivity of 1.039 W/(m•K) and significantly accelerating thermal response rates. Simultaneously, the incorporation of the P-CSF@rGO framework endows the material with excellent flexibility and shape stability. Due to the in-situ flame-retardant modification of the framework, the phase-change material maintains a high latent heat of phase-change (194.7 J/g) and achieves superior flame retardancy through gas-phase and condensation-phase mechanisms. It exhibits a limiting oxygen index of up to 30.64% and rapidly extinguishes itself when exposed to open flame in atmospheric conditions. Thus, the flexible composite phase-change material (CPCM/P-CSF@rGO) supported by a phosphorylated cellulose framework emerges as a promising candidate for ensuring safety and high performance in thermal management applications.
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Materials Today Energy
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2026
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IF 8.1
Yukai Chen,Qinglian Tan,Ruizhe Wang,Dan Wang,Jiaojiao Fang,Rulin Dong,Hengming Huang
The recombination of photogenerated carriers and inefficient photon absorption severely limit photocatalytic performance. To address these challenges, constructing an electric field and harnessing near-infrared light are essential strategies. In this work, an Ag 2 O/BiOI heterojunction was fabricated through a mild room-temperature synthesis method as a composite photocatalyst, which was in-situ grown on a porous black sponge (BS) to form a photothermal photocatalytic microreactor. This microreactor exhibits excellent photothermal conversion efficiency and carrier separation ability, effectively accelerating photocatalytic reactions. Additionally, the porous structure provides abundant active sites and enhances photon absorption. Consequently, the 5-Ag 2 O/BiOI@BS composite achieves photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates 6.8 and 54.2 times higher than those of BiOI@BS and Ag 2 O@BS, respectively. Benefiting from the interfacial photothermal effect, the 5-Ag 2 O/BiOI@BS-SF sample further attains a 6.2-fold efficiency improvement. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and finite element simulations were performed to verify the experimental results and underlying mechanisms. This work provides a new perspective for designing composite structures to mitigate carrier recombination and improve light absorption in photocatalysis.
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Journal of Materials Research and Technology-JMR&T
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2026
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IF 7.3
Xuefei Li,Lingyun Qin,Zumin Wu,Qiren Huang,Zhiwei Guo,Xiuqin Bai,Chengqing Yuan
To address severe friction and wear of water lubricated bearings under boundary lubrication caused by the low viscosity of water, a functional composite was developed by grafting a hydrophilic layer onto Si 3 N 4 /PU and incorporating load bearing hydrogel particles. The design utilizes the hydration lubrication of the surface hydrophilic layer in the initial friction stage and the sustained hydration lubrication of exposed hydrogel particles after wear, thereby maintaining an improved hydration lubrication state throughout the entire friction process. Systematic materials tests (contact angle, compression, and reciprocating friction) were conducted to investigate the effects of hydrogel content, while bearing-level bench tests under various specific pressures were carried out with pure PU bearings as a reference to verify the practical tribological performance. The composite with 0.5 wt% hydrogel showed optimal performance. Under 40 N, its friction coefficient (0.23) and wear rate (8.5 × 10 −6 mm 3 /(N·m)) were reduced by 19% and 53.1% compared with the hydrogel-free composite. Under 0.3 MPa, the composite bearing reduced friction coefficient and wear volume by 12.1% and 65% relative to pure PU (0.19 and 0.8 mm 3 ). Notably, when specific pressure increased from 0.3 to 0.7 MPa, the composite's average friction coefficient further decreased by 59.9%, showing a continuous declining trend with increasing load, indicating excellent load-adaptive capacity. This study provides an effective approach for improving the tribological performance of water-lubricated bearing materials under boundary lubrication.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Kang Yang,Chao Duan,Xin Tong,Chuanyin Xiong,Jian Wang,Yonghao Ni
A novel coaxial wet spinning strategy is reported to fabricate shape stabilized phase change aerogel fibers (C f PCF). • The fibers feature hierarchically porous flower-like PUPCM clusters engineered by CNC-directed hydrogen bonding. • The C f PCF exhibits a high phase change enthalpy (115.6 J/g), ultralow thermal conductivity (0.076 W·m −1 ·K −1 ). • The C f PCF fabrics enable outstanding infrared stealth (Infrared detection temperature decreased by 51 °C). The escalating demand for advanced fibrous materials integrating dynamic thermal management and infrared stealth has spurred continuing innovation. Traditional porous phase change fibers (PCFs) suffer from two critical deficiencies: solid-liquid phase change materials (SLPCMs) leakage and gas-solid interface degradation. Herein, we present a novel coaxial wet spinning strategy to fabricate porous shape stabilized phase change fibers (C f PCFs). The aerogel core is prepared via cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)-directed crystallization of polyurethane-based shape stabilized PCMs (PUPCMs) that were synthesized through crosslinking polyethylene glycol with hexamethylene diisocyanate, inherently eliminating liquid leakage. Thanks to strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between CNCs and PUPCMs, in-situ crystallization and assembly of PUPCMs proceed on CNC-directed three-dimensional scaffolds via ice templating, generating flower-like crystal clusters with hierarchical porosity. This unique structure offers dual benefits: 1) Robust anchoring of shape stabilized PUPCM to prevent leakage; 2) Excellent properties of high phase change enthalpy (115.6 J/g) and porosity (69.35%), ultralow thermal conductivity (0.076 W·m −1 ·K −1 ), and superior thermal stability (91.35% enthalpy retention after 600 cycles). The as-woven C f PCF fabric demonstrates exceptional thermal buffering performance, achieving a temperature lag of up to 750 s at 80 °C. This effect stabilizes the temperature through phase-change endothermy and reduces infrared-detected temperatures by 51 °C. This work presents a new pathway for developing next-generation intelligent fibrous materials with integrated functionality.
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JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 4.4
Hao-Yu Zhou,Ya-Yun Ma,Chao-Chen,Guo-Zhi Han
A novel hollow SiO₂@g-C₃N₄@AgBr photocatalyst was fabricated for efficient H₂O₂ production. • The Z -scheme heterojunction endow the catalyst with a narrow band gap of 1.25 eV and superior charge separation efficiency. • The catalyst exhibits a dual-channel pathway to achieve a high H₂O₂ yield up to 1392.84 μmol h −1 g −1 . Using PVP-modified polystyrene (PS) microspheres as a template, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), melamine, AgNO₃, and KBr as precursors, a novel mesoporous hollow SiO₂@g-C₃N₄@AgBr ternary composite photocatalyst with a porous surface was readily prepared via a one-pot method. The composite structure was obtained by simple calcination without further chemical reduction. The structure and morphology of the catalyst were characterized by XRD, UV–Vis DRS, SEM, TEM, and XPS. The results revealed that the hollow SiO₂ microspheres provided a high specific surface area, and the band gap of the composite was narrowed to 1.25 eV, endowing the hollow composite with excellent broad-spectrum photocatalytic performance. The catalyst achieved efficient photocatalytic H₂O₂ production from water under ambient air, and the maximum productivity reached 1392.84 μmol·g −1 ·h −1 within 1 h with the aid of different sacrificial agents. Finally, the catalytic mechanism was investigated. The as-prepared catalyst exhibited a unique dual-channel pathway based on a Z -scheme heterojunction, which significantly boosted H₂O₂ production and environmental adaptability. Download: Download high-res image (65KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Neng Li,Naigen Zhou,Ke Xiao,Xuxu Wang,Zhen Liu
Ru-vacancy-rich NiRu v -LDH is constructed on biomass-derived porous wood scaffolds. • Vacancy engineering enables electronic modulation and enhanced mass transport • The PEM electrolyzer operates at 1.75 V and 1 A cm −2 for over 2000 h • Ni-doped RuO 2 reconstruction and DFT reveal the activity-stability origin. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is vital for green hydrogen production, but its acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is hindered by sluggish kinetics and catalyst delamination. To address this, a self-supported electrode was fabricated by anchoring Ru-deficient layered double hydroxides on a natural camphorwood substrate (NiRu v -LDH). Camphorwood's 3D hierarchical porous architecture provides structural integrity and hydrophilic microchannels that accelerate mass transport and gas release, eliminating polymeric binders. A chemical etching strategy successfully introduced atomic-scale Ru vacancies, reconfiguring the local electronic structure, and lowering the OER overpotential to 215 mV at 10 mA cm −2 . In a PEM electrolyzer, the catalyst required only 1.75 V at 1.0 A cm −2 and demonstrated over 2000 h of industrial-grade stability. Crucially, during the PEM water splitting process, the NiRu v -LDH catalyst undergoes in-situ anodic oxidation to transform into Ni-RuO 2 , which exhibits exceptional stability in the acidic operating environment. Techno-economic analysis confirms its exceptional commercial viability, achieving a hydrogen production cost of ~US$ 1.1 per kg.
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Journal of Water Process Engineering
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2026
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IF 6.6
Jingrong Li,Song Sun,Xuehui Zhu,Xue Zhang,Hao Shi,Yuanhong Xu
An ORR/EO-Cl system using commercial electrodes achieves efficient disinfection at 5 mA/cm 2 . • Cathodic H 2 O 2 consumes anodic free chlorine to generate 1 O 2 as the dominant bactericide. • The system suppresses chlorate and chlorite formation in real medical wastewater. • Multi-level oxidative damage to membranes, DNA, proteins and lipids causes irreversible inactivation. Electrochemical disinfection of chloride-rich medical wastewater faces an inherent trade-off: killing pathogens efficiently while avoiding toxic chlorate and chlorite formation. Here we show that coupling oxygen reduction at a commercial carbon felt cathode with chlorine evolution at a DSA@Ru/Ir anode breaks this trade-off. At 5 mA/cm 2 , cathodic H 2 O 2 rapidly consumes anodic free chlorine, generating singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) as the dominant bactericidal species while suppressing chlorate and chlorite. In real hospital wastewater, chlorate drops from 0.66 to 0.39 mg/L, and the system inactivates 10 7 CFU/mL Escherichia coli in 5 min and Staphylococcus aureus in 10 min-using, the energy consumption was 0.1169 kWh/m 3 and 0.2338 kWh /m 3 , respectively. Quenching, flow cytometry, DNA electrophoresis, protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation collectively confirm that 1 O 2 -driven oxidative stress causes irreversible membrane, DNA, protein and lipid damage. This work offers a low-energy, commercially viable strategy for electrochemical disinfection of real medical wastewater with intrinsic byproduct suppression. Download: Download high-res image (85KB) Download: Download full-size image
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
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2026
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IF 8.3
Yunli Peng,Guoquan Wang,Guifeng Li,Yuan Gong,Xi Yang,Xiaotian Tan,Tao Zhu,Chaoyang Gong
Apoptosis detection is significant for understanding fundamental biological processes and is closely associated with numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. However, limited by the intrinsic complexity of physiological environments, achieving highly sensitive detection of apoptotic signals at the single-molecule level remains a major challenge. Here, we propose a label-free single-molecule apoptosis assay based on fiber-optic interferometric imaging. The interference pattern generated by scattered light on the microfiber surface was utilized to resolve localized phase changes, enabling single-particle and single-molecule sensitivity. We found that the dynamic evolution of the interference patterns correlates with the physical heterogeneity among different molecular species, including the surface charge and molecular weight of individual molecules. We achieved single-molecule detection of small proteins down to 5.8 kDa, demonstrating the broad applicability of our method across a wide range of clinically relevant proteins and nucleic acids. After functionalizing the fiber surface with antibodies, the interference patterns exhibited excellent specificity toward the antigen molecules. The dynamic interference pattern was further employed to perform an apoptosis assay at the single-molecule level. Our method enables label-free quantification of biomarkers in complex physiological environments with ultrahigh sensitivity, opening new avenues for fundamental studies of cell-death pathways and early disease diagnosis.
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POLYMER
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2026
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IF 5.1
Xubin Wang,Jiabao Lin,Hongbowen Cui,Wenju Wu,Changhai Zhang,Tiandong Zhang,Chao Yin,Chao Tang,Ling Weng,Qingguo Chi
Epoxy resin is widely used in electronic packaging and electrical insulation due to its excellent electrical insulation, dimensional stability, and processability. However, its application in high-power devices is limited by its intrinsically low thermal conductivity, high brittleness, and severe interfacial defects at high filler loadings. In this study, an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (AHAA) was first synthesized and introduced into an E51/methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride epoxy curing system, and the matrix network structure was optimized by adjusting the AHAA content. The results showed that the system modified with 9 wt% AHAA (A9EP) exhibited the best overall mechanical properties and could therefore be used as the matrix for subsequent thermally conductive and electrically insulating composites. Furthermore, BNNS/Al 2 O 3 hybrid fillers were subjected to three-step interfacial grafting using tannic acid (TA), KH560, and AHAA to construct an AHAA-KH560-TA multilevel organic interfacial layer, and were compared with unmodified BNNS/Al 2 O 3 fillers. The multilevel interfacial modification significantly improved the dispersion of the fillers in the A9EP matrix and the interfacial bonding, thereby alleviating stress concentration and electric field distortion caused by high filler loading. The results showed that the tensile strength and flexural strength of FBA20/A9EP were 40.4 MPa and 100.97 MPa, respectively, with the breakdown strength of 92.12 kV/mm and the thermal conductivity of 0.607 W m −1 K −1 . This study indicates that the combination of AHAA-induced matrix regulation and overall TA/KH560/AHAA stepwise interfacial modification provides a feasible strategy for improving the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of epoxy composites.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
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2026
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IF 4.9
Bowen Jiang,Wenhui Fang,Yue Zhang,Wei Zhang,Zhiwei Men
Using Fermi resonance as a probe of the external field environment to reflect changes in hydrogen bonds. • It discusses the effects of π-hydrogen bonds in different directions on molecular vibrations and vibrational coupling. • A combination of experimental and computational methods was used to verify the differences in π-hydrogen bonds. In this study, the influence of π–hydrogen bonding (π-HB) on the Fermi Resonance (FR) of benzene in mixtures with methanol or dichloromethane was investigated using Raman spectroscopy combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, including reduced density gradient (RDG) analysis. The results reveal that the π-HBs formed in the two systems exhibit fundamentally different characteristics: axis-asymmetric π-HBs in the benzene–methanol system and axis-symmetric π-HBs in the benzene–dichloromethane system, leading to distinct FR behaviors. In the benzene–methanol system, the Fermi doublet shows a red shift with increasing benzene concentration, accompanied by an increase in the coupling constant W from 9.70 to 10.19 cm -1 , which is attributed to π-electron redistribution and a broadened vibrational potential induced by asymmetric π-HB formation. In contrast, the benzene–dichloromethane system exhibits a blue shift of the Fermi doublet with no significant change in W, resulting from axis-symmetric π-HB interactions that concentrate electron density without altering the coupling strength. These results demonstrate that FR can serve as a sensitive probe for distinguishing different types of intermolecular interactions in weakly interacting molecular systems.
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Advanced Optical Materials
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2026
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IF 7.2
Zhe Wang,Li Yang,Yujie Peng,Yanxuan Fu,Hao Zhang,Ming Xiao
Structural colors arise from wavelength-selective scattering in micro/nanostructures. The structural order governs the color brightness, saturation, and iridescence, but there is not yet a generalized framework to quantify the structural order. It remains unclear how the structural order quantitatively affects the reflection and absorption in structurally colored materials. Here, we co-assemble binary silica nanoparticles to tune the degree of order and quantify its impact on reflection and absorption. By varying compositions and particle size ratios, we can adjust the degree of order from long-range crystalline to short-range ordered states. Combining reflectance spectroscopy with ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering measurements, we establish an experimentally order parameter to distinguish long-range ordered, transitional, and short-range ordered regimes. Correlating structural order with optical absorption reveals that increasing disorder enhances scattering events and leads to larger absorption. In addition, increasing particle size further increases absorption by reducing the transport mean free path. This work demonstrates that the particle-size-ratio engineering serves as an effective route to tune the structural order, offering a general approach for tailoring both color appearance and absorption efficiency for designing novel photonic materials.
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