Intracellular H₂O₂ and lipid peroxides require the coordinated action of multiple antioxidant enzyme systems for clearance. Among them, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (CAT), and Peroxiredoxin (PRDX) control peroxides in different substrate and subcellular environments. GPX4 further links ...
The superoxide anion radical (O₂•⁻) participates in redox signaling and also serves as an important precursor of hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, and other reactive species. Because it is short-lived and highly reactive, detection results depend strongly on probe specificity, the reaction ...
The skin is chronically exposed to multiple oxidative environments, including ultraviolet radiation, air pollution, ozone, visible light, and endogenous metabolic stress. The key to maintaining cutaneous homeostasis does not lie in a single antioxidant ingredient, but in a continuous defense ...
Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) is a heme-containing enzyme that is widely distributed in animals, plants and microorganisms. It catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) into water and oxygen with extremely high efficiency, playing a central role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, ...