Stem cells are undifferentiated or poorly differentiated cells capable of self-renewal and, under specific conditions, differentiation into one or more functional cell types. With the development of regenerative medicine, induced pluripotent stem cells, organoids, and cell-engineering ...
Microglia-containing human brain organoids (MC-HBOs) integrate neural cells, glial cells, and resident immune cells of the central nervous system within a three-dimensional culture system and can be used to analyze the roles of microglia in brain development, neuroinflammation, and ...
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacities and can be used in disease modeling, drug screening, organoid construction, and cell therapy research. Directed differentiation of iPSCs depends on stage-specific signal regulation. Activin A, ...