Stem cells are undifferentiated or poorly differentiated cells capable of self-renewal and, under specific conditions, differentiation into one or more functional cell types. With the development of regenerative medicine, induced pluripotent stem cells, organoids, and cell-engineering ...
The GDF (growth differentiation factor) family is an important branch of the TGF-β superfamily. Its members are widely involved in embryonic development, osteochondral formation, skeletal muscle homeostasis, reproductive regulation, metabolic stress, tissue injury repair, and remodeling of the ...