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硫氧还蛋白还原酶是一种广泛存在的酶,依靠 NADPH 催化硫氧还蛋白活性位点二硫键的还原。 该酶还可还原泛醌,再生强抗氧化剂泛醇。
硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TrxR)是 NADPH 依赖型氧化还原酶,每个亚基含 1 分子 FAD,可还原氧化型硫氧还蛋白(Trx)活性位点上的二硫键。
硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TrxR)是 NADPH 依赖型氧化还原酶,每个亚基含 1 分子 FAD,可还原氧化型硫氧还蛋白(Trx)活性位点二硫键。哺乳动物来源同工酶分子量为 55–67 kDa;原核生物、植物或酵母来源的 TrxR 分子量约 35 kDa。 哺乳动物来源 TrxR 底物谱远宽于原核 TrxR:既可还原哺乳动物及大肠杆菌硫氧还蛋白;也可作用于非二硫键类底物,如亚硒酸盐、硫辛酸、脂质氢过氧化物、过氧化氢。
哺乳动物来源硫氧还蛋白还原酶含有硒代半胱氨酸残基,该残基对酶活性至关重要。它是哺乳动物细胞内抗氧化酶之一,与过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶协同清除细胞内活性氧(ROS)。 举例:过量一氧化氮(NO)与谷胱甘肽形成 S - 亚硝基谷胱甘肽复合物(GS-NO),TrxR 可直接裂解该复合物;细胞内另一种有害氧化剂过氧化氢,同样可以被哺乳动物 TrxR 直接还原。
Thioredoxin Reductase is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the active site disulfide of thioredoxin by NADPH. The product also reduces ubiquinone and regenerates ubiquinol, a powerful antioxidant.
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase containing one FAD per subunit that reduces the active site disulfide in oxidized thioredoxin (Trx).
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase containing one FAD per subunit that reduces the active site disulfide in oxidized thioredoxin (Trx). The molecular weight of the isozymes from mammalian sources vary between 55-67 kDa as compared with 35 kDa in prokaryotes, plants or yeast. The substrate specificity of the mammalian enzyme is much broader than the prokaryotic enzyme reducing both mammalian and E. coli thioredoxins as well as non-disulfide substrates such selenite, lipoic acids, lipid hydroperoxides, and hydrogen peroxide.
Thioredoxin reductase from mammalian sources contains a selenocysteine residue that is essential for the activity of the enzyme. It is one of the antioxidant enzymes present in the mammalian cell together with catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and helps in removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the cell. An example is the removal of excess nitric oxide (NO) by the formation of a complex with glutathione forming the S-nitroso-glutathione adduct (GS-NO). This can be cleaved directly by thioredoxin reductase. Hydrogen peroxide, another deleterious oxidant in the cell, is also reduced directly by mammalian TrxR.