Glucose oxidase is used in the food and beverage industry as a preservative and stabilizer and is commonly derived from the fungus Aspergillus niger. Glucose oxidase can react with intracellular glucose and oxygen (O₂) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and gluconic acid, which can cut off the nutrition source of cancer cells and consequently inhibit their proliferation.
CATALYSIS : β-D-Glucose + O₂ → D-Glucono-δ-lactone + H₂O₂
SPECIFICATIONS:
Activity: ≥100 U/mg enzyme powder
The activity may increase up to 160%, if the reaction mixture is saturated with oxygen.
Appearance: Yellow powder, lyophilized
Contaminants (Catalase): ≤1 U/mg
Additives: Sodium glutamate
CHARACTERISTICS:
Molecular weight: 140,000 – 160,000 (Gel filtration)
Isoelectric point: 4.3
Km value: 1.9 × 10⁻² M
Inhibitors: Ag⁺, Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺
Opt. pH: 5.0 – 6.5 (Fig. 1)
Opt. temperature: 37°C (Fig. 2)
Stable pH range: 3.0 – 8.0 (40°C, 6hrs) (Fig. 3)
Stable temperature range: below 50°C (pH7.0, 15 min.) (Fig. 4)
Substrate specificity: Table 1
APPLICATIONS:This enzyme is used for the enzymatic determination of glucose in plasma by coupling with mutarotase, and for amylase-activity assay by coupling with α-glucosidase (if maltooligosaccharide or modified starch is used as a substrate) in clinical diagnosis.
Assay Method of Glucose Oxidase
Principle
The appearance of quinoneimine dye formed by coupling with 4-aminopyrine and phenol is measured at 500 nm by spectrophotometry.
Unit Definition
One unit is defined as the enzyme quantity which oxidizes one μ mole of β-D-glucose per minute under the conditions described below.
Reagents
A. Aminoantipyrine Solution (4 mg/ml)
Weigh 0.20 g of 4-aminopyrine and dissolve in 20 ml of deionized water. Fill up to 50 ml with deionized water.
B. Triton X-100 Solution (50 mg/ml)
Weigh 5.0 g of Triton X-100 and dissolve in 30 ml of deionized water with heating. After cooling, fill up to 100 ml with deionized water.
C. Phenol Solution (50 mg/ml)
Weigh 5.0 g of phenol and dissolve in 30 ml of deionized water. Fill up to 100 ml with deionized water.
D. Peroxidase Solution
Dissolve 250 purpurogallin units of Peroxidase in 10 ml of deionized water. Keep in an ice bath. (Expires after 11 days at 2-8°C)
E. 0.1 M Phosphate Buffer (KH₂PO₄-NaOH, pH7.0)
F. Phenol-Buffer Solution
Weigh 1.36 g of KH₂PO₄ and dissolve in 80 ml of deionized water. Add 3 ml of Phenol Solution (C) and 3 ml of Triton X-100 Solution (B), then adjust the pH to 7.0 with 1N NaOH. Fill up to 100 ml with deionized water. This reagent should be used after incubation at 25°C for 24 hours. (Expires after 2 weeks at 25°C)
G. Substrate Solution
Weigh 2.5 mg of D-glucose and dissolve in deionized water. Fill up to 25 ml with deionized water. (Expires after 11 days at room temperature)
H. Enzyme Solution
Weigh approx. 50 mg of Glucose Oxidase and dissolve in chilled 0.1 M Phosphate Buffer (E).
Enzyme Solution should be prepared so that the value of ΔOD/minute becomes in the range of 0.030 ± 0.005.
Procedure
Pipette 2.0 ml of Phenol-Buffer Solution (F), 0.5 ml of Substrate Solution (G), 0.5 ml of Peroxidase Solution (D) and 0.1 ml of Aminoantipyrine Solution (A) into the cuvette (d=10 mm) and keep at 37 ± 0.1°C for 10 minutes. Then, pipette 0.1 ml of Enzyme Solution (H) into the cuvette and mix well immediately. Keep the reaction mixture at 37 ± 0.1°C. Exactly at 2 minutes and 5 minutes after the addition of Enzyme Solution (H), measure the absorbances of the reaction mixture at 500 nm (A5 and A2).
As a blank, pipette 0.1 M Phosphate Buffer (E) into another cuvette (d=10 mm) instead of the Enzyme Solution (H) and take the same procedure described above (Ab5 and Ab2).
Calculation
3: Reaction time
12.88: Reaction time
1/2: Factor based on the fact that two moles of H₂O₂ form one mole of quinoneimine dye
3.2: Final volume of the reaction mixture
0.1: Volume of Enzyme Solution
Dm: Dilution multiple of Enzyme Solution
1.339: Extinction coefficient on the original method using O-dianisidine which is found to be a carcinogenic substance