英文别名
CANDF7 | DKFZp686B04100 | ISGF 3 | ISGF3 | OTTHUMP00000163552 | OTTHUMP00000165046 | OTTHUMP00000165047 | OTTHUMP00000205845 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa | Signal transduc
规格或纯度
无载体, 生物活性, ActiBioPure™, ≥90%(SDS-PAGE), 见COA
生化机理
STAT1 is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor-associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. STAT1 can be activated by various ligands, including interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma, EGF, PDGF and IL6. It is a signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and growth factors. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize, associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes, which drive the cell in an antiviral state. In response to type II IFN (IFN-gamma), STAT1 is tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylated. It then forms a homodimer termed IFN-gamma-activated factor (GAF), migrates into the nucleus and binds to the IFN gamma activated sequence (GAS) to drive the expression of the target genes, inducing a cellular antiviral state. STAT1 becomes activated in response to KITLG/SCF and KIT signaling and may mediate cellular responses to activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Defects in STAT1 can cause STAT1 deficiency complete and familial candidiasis type 7.
Post-translational: Deubiquitinated by USP13; leading to STAT1 stabilization and positive regulation of type I and type II IFN signalings. Phosphorylated on tyrosine and serine residues in response to a variety of cytokines/growth hormones including IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, PDGF and EGF (PubMed:26479788, PubMed:28753426). Activated KIT promotes phosphorylation on tyrosine residues and subsequent translocation to the nucleus (PubMed:21135090). Upon EGF stimulation, phosphorylation on Tyr-701 (lacking in beta form) by JAK1, JAK2 or TYK2 promotes dimerization and subsequent translocation to the nucleus (PubMed:28753426, PubMed:7657660). Growth hormone (GH) activates STAT1 signaling only via JAK2 (PubMed:7657660).Tyrosine phosphorylated in response to constitutively activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4 (PubMed:17561467, PubMed:19088846).Phosphorylation on Ser-727 by several kinases including MAPK14, ERK1/2, CAMK2/CAMKII and CK2 in response to IFN-gamma stimulation, is required for maximal transcriptional activity (PubMed:15322115, PubMed:16799645, PubMed:17897103, PubMed:7543024).Phosphorylated on Ser-727 by CAMK2/CAMKII in response to IFN-gamma stimulation and calcium mobilization, promoting activity (PubMed:11972023, PubMed:16257975).Phosphorylated by CAMK2/CAMKII in response to IFN-beta stimulation and calcium mobilization in epithelial cells, promoting activity (PubMed:35568036).Phosphorylation on Ser-727 promotes sumoylation though increasing interaction with PIAS (PubMed:17897103).Phosphorylation on Ser-727 by PRKCD induces apoptosis in response to DNA-damaging agents (PubMed:15322115).
Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues when PTK2/FAK1 is activated; most likely this is catalyzed by a SRC family kinase (PubMed:11278462).Dephosphorylation on tyrosine residues by PTPN2 negatively regulates interferon-mediated signaling (PubMed:12138178).Upon viral infection or IFN induction, phosphorylation on Ser-708 occurs much later than phosphorylation on Tyr-701 and is required for the binding of ISGF3 on the ISREs of a subset of IFN-stimulated genes IKBKE-dependent (PubMed:22065572).Phosphorylation at Tyr-701 and Ser-708 are mutually exclusive, phosphorylation at Ser-708 requires previous dephosphorylation of Tyr-701 (PubMed:22065572).Phosphorylation at Thr-749 by IKBKB/IKKB promotes transcriptional activation of ARID5A and IL12B by STAT1 (PubMed:32209697).Phosphorylation at Thr-749 restricts interferon signaling and anti-inflammatory responses and promotes innate inflammatory responses (By similarity). Sumoylated with SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3. Sumoylation is enhanced by IFN-gamma-induced phosphorylation on Ser-727, and by interaction with PIAS proteins. Enhances the transactivation activity. ISGylated. Mono-ADP-ribosylated at Glu-657 and Glu-705 by PARP14; ADP-ribosylation prevents phosphorylation at Tyr-701 (PubMed:27796300).However, the role of ADP-ribosylation in the prevention of phosphorylation has been called into question and the lack of phosphorylation may be due to sumoylation of Lys-703 (PubMed:29858569). Monomethylated at Lys-525 by SETD2; monomethylation is necessary for phosphorylation at Tyr-701, translocation into the nucleus and activation of the antiviral defense. (Microbial infection) Ubiquitinated by Herpes simplex virus 2 E3 ubiquitin ligase ICP22.
ZJ25F0926468
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